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Unit 5 Music Discovering Useful Structures 課件(共34張PPT)-2025-2026學年人教版(2019)必修第二冊

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Unit 5 Music Discovering Useful Structures 課件(共34張PPT)-2025-2026學年人教版(2019)必修第二冊

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(共34張PPT)
高中英語過去分詞難點解析
如何理解過去分詞作狀語
過去分詞作狀語是英語中常見的語法現象,它可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨等意義,翻譯時需結合具體語境,準確傳達其邏輯關系。
The past participle used as an adverbial is a common grammatical phenomenon in English. It can express meanings such as time, reason, condition, concession, and accompaniment. When translating, it is necessary to combine the specific context to accurately convey its logical relationship.
從時間狀語從句的角度理解:
1. 表示時間(相當于 “when + 被動語態從句”)
原文:Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
翻譯:從山頂上看,這座城市很美。
(“seen” 表時間,相當于 “當城市被從山頂看時”)
轉化成時間狀語從句: When it is seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
從原因狀語從句的角度理解:
2. 表示原因(相當于 “because/since + 被動語態從句”)
原文:Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
翻譯:孩子們被這個故事深深打動,開始哭了起來。
(“moved” 表原因,相當于 “因為孩子們被故事打動”)
從條件狀語從句的角度理解:
3. 表示條件(相當于 “if + 被動語態從句”)
原文:Given more time, we could have finished the work better.
翻譯:如果給我們更多時間,我們本可以把工作做得更好。
(“given” 表條件,相當于 “如果我們被給予更多時間”)
If we were given more time, we could have finished the work better.
從讓步狀語從句的角度理解
4. 表示讓步(相當于 “though/although + 被動語態從句”)
原文:Beaten by the enemy many times, he never gave up.
翻譯:盡管多次被敵人打敗,他從未放棄。
(“beaten” 表讓步,相當于 “雖然他被敵人打敗多次”)
Although he was beaten by the enemy many times, he never gave up.
過去分詞與句子主語存在被動關系,翻譯時需體現這種邏輯(如 “被……”“由……” 等),但有時可根據中文習慣省略被動詞,使表達更自然。
需根據上下文判斷狀語的具體含義(時間、原因等),選擇合適的關聯詞(如 “當…… 時”“因為”“如果” 等)或調整語序,確保邏輯清晰。
通過結合語境和邏輯關系,能更準確地翻譯過去分詞作狀語的結構。
難點一 1. 邏輯主語的一致性
難點:過去分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致,否則會造成 “垂懸結構”(Dangling Modifier)。
示例:
Walking in the park, a snake was seen.(分詞的邏輯主語是人,但句子主語是 “snake”)
Walking in the park, I saw a snake.(主語 “I” 與分詞邏輯一致)
翻譯注意:需確保中文譯文的主語與分詞的動作執行者一致。
難點二 2. 被動語態與完成時態的區分
難點:過去分詞本身既可以表示被動(如 “broken”),也可以表示完成(如 “finished”),需根據語境判斷。
示例:
① Given enough time, we will succeed.(表被動,“被給予時間”)
② Finished his homework, he went out.(表完成,“完成作業后”)
翻譯技巧:表被動時可用 “被 / 由”,表完成時可用 “…… 之后”。
難點三:3. 狀語類型的判斷(時間 / 原因 / 條件等)
難點:同一個分詞結構可能有多種邏輯含義,需結合上下文判斷。
示例:
① Seen from the window(時間)→ 當從窗戶看時
② Seen from the window(條件)→ 如果從窗戶看
翻譯策略:添加關聯詞(如 “當…… 時”“如果”“因為”)明確邏輯。
難點四:4. 獨立主格結構的干擾
難點:當分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時,需使用獨立主格結構(如 “Weather permitting”),否則會導致錯誤。
示例:
The work finished, I went home.(正確:With the work finished, I went home.)
翻譯注意:獨立主格需單獨翻譯為 “……(之后),……”。
難點五:5. 分詞短語與定語從句的混淆
難點:分詞短語作狀語(修飾整個句子)與作定語(修飾名詞)的區分。
示例:
① Built in 1900, the house is very old.(狀語,表原因)
② The house built in 1900 is very old.(定語,修飾 “house”)
翻譯差異:狀語需調整語序,定語直接前置修飾名詞。
難點六:6. 省略結構的還原
難點:某些分詞結構省略了主語和助動詞(如 “Once seen, it can't be forgotten”),需理解其完整形式。
示例:
→ 完整:Once it is seen, it can't be forgotten.
翻譯技巧:補全省略部分,使邏輯更清晰。
難點七:7. 特殊過去分詞的用法
難點:部分過去分詞(如 “lost”“dressed”“devoted”)已形容詞化,需注意其特殊含義。
示例:
Lost in thought, he didn't hear me.(“lost” 表狀態,而非被動)
翻譯注意:此類分詞常譯為 “沉浸于 / 陷入……”。
突破難點的關鍵在于:
明確分詞與主語的邏輯關系;
結合上下文判斷狀語類型;
注意省略結構和獨立主格的特殊用法;
多通過例句對比積累經驗。
翻譯時需靈活調整語序和添加關聯詞,確保中文邏輯通順。
經典考點分析:
Seen from the mountain, the city is beautiful.
后邊主語是城市,城市和動詞看之間是城市別看, 是被動關系, 所以是表被動的過去分詞。
Seeing from the mountain, we found a beautiful city.
后面主語是人, 人發出看的動作, 主動關系, 所以用的是現在分詞。
閱讀句子里遇到的過去分詞:
Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old - fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin.
和舊式的在羊皮紙 (由羊皮制作而成) 上手寫的方式相比,活字印刷術極大地降低了制作一本書的成本。Printing with moveable type 活字印刷術
compared with the old - fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, 這里的過去分詞做狀語可以理解為條件狀語。
這個短語里面的willed 可理解為過去分詞轉化的形容詞
be willed away” 有以下兩種常見含義 :
在遺囑中把某物遺贈(給他人):這里 “will” 是動詞,表示 “立遺囑決定;遺贈”,此時 “will away” 是 “在遺囑中把…… 遺贈出去”,“be willed away” 是其被動形式 。例句:That precious diamond was willed away to her closest friend.(那顆珍貴的鉆石被她通過遺囑贈給了最親密的朋友。)
通過強烈的意愿使某事消失、被移除或不再成為問題:例句:Your worries can't be simply willed away.(你的擔憂不會僅僅因為你想擺脫就能消失 。)
知識拓展:will作名詞時的短語
with a will(熱情地;堅決地 )
The team worked with a will to finish the project before the deadline.(團隊熱情高漲,決心在截止日期前完成項目 。 )
of one's own free will(自愿地;出于自己的意愿 )
She joined the volunteer group of her own free will, eager to help those in need.(她自愿加入志愿者團隊,渴望幫助有需要的人 。 )
against one's will(違背某人的意愿 )
He was forced to sign the contract against his will, which made him very angry.(他被迫違背自己的意愿簽了合同,這讓他很生氣 。 )
have one’s will(隨心所欲;如愿以償 )
After years of hard work, she finally had her will and opened her dream café.( 經過多年努力,她終于得償所愿,開了夢想中的咖啡館 。 )
will power(意志力 ,雖不是嚴格短語,但常用搭配 )
It takes great will power to stick to a healthy diet and exercise routine.(堅持健康飲食和鍛煉習慣,需要很強的意志力 。 )
另外一個詞型相近的詞:well
[考點歸納] well 一詞十分常用,用法也很多。包括:
“井;源泉”。如:
The police found the lost treasure in an abandoned well. 警察在一口廢棄的井里
找到了丟失的財寶。
“如泉水般涌出”。如:
Tears welled up in her eyes. 她的淚水奪眶而出。
“充分地”。如:
Read the document well before you sign it. 仔細審閱文件后再簽字。
“到相當的程度”。如:
She was driving at well over the speed limit. 她開車的速度遠遠超過了限速。
“徹底地”。如:
The pan must be dried well before you put it away. 這個鍋必須徹底干燥后才可以收起來。
不定式里的過去分詞
Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women—ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work—still need to be done by someone.
過去,許多家務事主要是由女性來做的,這些事從家庭采購到準備飯菜再到一些無償的勞動不一而足;而現在,這些工作還是需要有人來做的。
這里為什么沒有過去分詞?
has been shifted
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.
正如我們所看到的,社會醫療保健的重點已經從疾病治療轉到了疾病預
has been shifting:
強調主語自身不斷地進行 “移動、轉變、轉移” 等動作。
例如:The focus of scientific research has been shifting towards environmental protection in recent years.(近年來,科學研究的重點一直在向環境保護方向轉移 。)這里是說重點自身在不斷地發生轉移這個動作。
has been shifted:
強調主語被外界力量 “移動、轉變、轉移”。
例如:The responsibility has been shifted to another department.(責任已經被轉移到另一個部門了。) 表明責任是被別人轉移到另一個部門的,強調動作的承受和被施加。
完型填空中遇到的一個詞,大家都選錯了:
He shifted the load from his left shoulder to his right shoulder.
這里選shift , 表示把某物從...轉移到...
他把重物從左肩轉移到右肩。
拓展:shift 作名詞的用法
可數名詞,表示轉變、改變 :可用于描述位置、方向、情況、觀點等方面的變化。
例句:There has been a shift in public opinion on this issue.(公眾對這個問題的輿論已經發生了轉變。 )
可數名詞,意為輪班、班次 :指工作時劃分的不同時間段。
例句:I'm on the early shift tomorrow.(我明天上早班。 )
可數名詞,還可表示(汽車的)換擋裝置 :常見于汽車駕駛相關表達中。
例句:He changed the shift smoothly while driving on the highway.(他在高速公路上行駛時平穩地換擋。 )
過去分詞句型背誦:
1 Exhausted , I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
2 Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
3 Defeated , they withdrew into the valley.
4 Printed white , the house looks bigger.
5 A bit frightened , he stood motionless.
6 He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.
7 He turned away disappointed.
8 Dressed in white, she suddenly appeared.
9 Given another chance , I will do it better.
獨立主格中的過去分詞
英語獨立主格結構(Absolute Construction)是一種特殊的語法結構,在句中可作狀語,用來表示伴隨、原因、條件、時間等關系 ,
獨立主格:觀察以下句子
1 This done ,they went home .
2 The table set, they began to have supper.
3 All taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.
4 Health and persistence given, one can do great things.
這個結構是:名詞 + 過去分詞:His homework finished(他的作業完成了), he went to play basketball. (“homework” 是邏輯主語,“finished” 是邏輯謂語,表時間,相當于 After his homework was finished )
獨立主格的獨立性:邏輯主語和句子主語不一致,有自己獨立的邏輯主語,這是它與分詞短語作狀語的主要區別(分詞短語作狀語時,邏輯主語一般是句子主語 )。比如:“Walking in the street(分詞短語,邏輯主語是句子主語,若句子是 I walking... 就不對,得是 I walk... ;而獨立主格結構如:He standing there(他站在那兒 ), I didn't know how to talk to him. ,“he” 和句子主語 “I” 不同 )。
獨立主格無謂語動詞:獨立主格結構不是完整句子,沒有真正的謂語動詞(像 be 動詞、實義動詞等能作謂語的形式 ),它的 “謂語” 是由非謂語或其他結構充當 。比如 “The rain having stopped(雨停了 ), we continued our journey.” ,“having stopped” 是現在分詞完成式,不是謂語動詞,整個結構作狀語 。
獨立主格在句中作狀語:可表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。
表時間:The sun having risen(太陽升起了 ), we started to climb the mountain. (= After the sun had risen )
表原因:There being no bus(沒有公交車 ), we had to walk home. (= Because there was no bus )
表條件:Weather permitting(天氣允許的話 ), we will have a sports meeting. (= If weather permits )
表伴隨:He sat at the desk, pen in hand(手里拿著筆 ). (= with a pen in his hand ,描述他坐著時的伴隨狀態 )
注意:獨立主格結構與主句之間常用逗號隔開,起分隔作用,讓結構和主句關系更清晰 。比如:The work done(工作完成了 ), they had a rest. (逗號隔開獨立主格和主句 )
** 當獨立主格結構中的邏輯主語是 it,且表示 “天氣、時間、距離” 等時,有時可省略 it 。不過這種情況相對少,比如:Time permitting(時間允許的話 ), we'll have a talk. (也可說 If time permits ,但獨立主格里 “time” 是邏輯主語,不是省略 it ,只是常規表達 ) ;還有像 “It being Sunday(因為是周日 ), the park was crowded.” ,這里 “it” 不能省略,因為是明確指代時間 。
獨立主格結構有時可轉化為相應的狀語從句或 with 復合結構 。轉化為狀語從句就是把獨立主格的邏輯關系用從句的引導詞(如 because, after, if 等 )和謂語動詞體現;轉化為 with 復合結構就是 “with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 賓語補足語(非謂語 / 形容詞等 )” ,比如:“The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students(老師進入教室,后面跟著一些學生 )” (獨立主格 ),可轉化為 “With some students following him(這里注意主被動,原句是 students 被跟著,所以也可說 With some students followed by him ,不過更自然的是用現在分詞表主動伴隨 ,其實原獨立主格是 “some students followed by the teacher” ,邏輯主語 “students” ,邏輯謂語 “followed by...” ,轉化為從句是 “After the teacher was followed by some students, he entered the classroom.” ,轉化為 with 結構是 “With some students following behind, the teacher entered the classroom.” )
拓展:同一意思的不同狀語表達
With Peter away,
Peter away ,
Peter being away,
there is more room in the house.
with 結構作狀語:
1 With night coming on , they went home.
2 Without a word spoken, he left the room.
3 With the first point agreed on , they turned their negotiation to another.
4 I saw her go out ,with a bag in her hand.
5 With all his clothes on , he went out.
6 With so much to do in the morning, he didn’t have time to take medicine.

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