資源簡介

(共49張PPT)
UNIT 4　Friends forever
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
Developing ideas
Read the short introduction to O. Henry and answer the questions.
1　Have you read any stories by O. Henry Share one with the class.
2　Do you like stories with surprise endings
Why or why not
O. Henry-style endings
O. Henry’s stories are best known for their twists or surprise endings. So much so that people now refer to such endings as “O. Henry-style endings”. In these endings, there will be a sudden twist that results in an unexpected change of the characters’ inner world, experience, destiny, etc, thus creating an unexpected yet understandable result. Such endings will make the story more appealing and dramatic, as well as more memorable for its readers.　
Read the passage and find out why the man is standing outside the
shop.
Read the passage and find out why the man is standing outside the
shop.
Because he is waiting for his friend Jimmy.
Think of a possible ending to “After Twenty Years” and find evidence to support your ideas. Use the following questions to help you.
1　Did Jimmy come to meet his friend
2　What has Jimmy experienced over the past twenty years
3　What might happen between the policeman and the man
Now read the note from the original ending and find out what actually happened.
1　What does the note tell you about the ending of the story
2　How do you think Bob would react when he read the note
3　Do you think that Jimmy did the right thing Why or why not
4　Do you like this ending Give your reasons.
Think & Share
Jimmy was the policeman. He turned up as they agreed twenty years earlier, but he decided to fulfill his duty and have Bob arrested.
Work in groups. Act out the whole story.
1　Think about what happened in each of the three scenes, using the information you have already read in the story. Retell the whole story.
The story is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy. Twenty years ago, ...
2　Choose a character to play and decide what you will say and do.
3　Act out the whole story.
Scene 1:
Bob dining with Jimmy at “Big Joe” Brady’s twenty years ago
Scene 2:
Bob making his fortune in the West
Scene 3:
Bob and Jimmy meeting again after twenty years
Writing an ending to a story
Read Bob’s story after he was released from jail and answer the questions.
1　How did Bob feel when he finally got out of jail
2　What kind of ending is this More than one description may be suitable.
□ A happy ending.
□ A sad ending.
□ A surprise ending.
□ An open ending.
3　Do you like this ending Give your reasons.
Bob felt lost and helpless.
Writing an ending to a story
Read the ending in Activity 5 again. Find the expressions that describe:
settings characters actions
out of jail, cold wind, cold, dark night
stepping out of, smiled bitterly, heard, turned around, was surprised to find, replied, unfolded, shaking, finished reading, shouted in surprise, smile
now 58, lost and helpless, a young man, a familiar-looking man in his thirties, doubtfully
Writing an ending to a story
Come up with your own ending to Jimmy and Bob’s story, twenty years after Bob was arrested. Answer the questions to help you.
1　What type of ending will it be
2　Do you want to introduce other characters in the ending If so, who are they
3　Where will the ending take place
4　What has happened to Bob and Jimmy over the past twenty years
5　How will the story end
Write your own ending.
One possible version:
It was a cold winter night when Bob came out of jail. After twenty years behind bars, he felt like a stranger to the city and everyone in it. Lost and helpless, he didn’t know where to go or whom to go to. A year after he had been arrested, his wife had left him and taken their daughter with her. Former good friends had cut all contact with him.
“Is there anyone here who still thinks of me ” he wondered bitterly. Recalling the night twenty years earlier that had completely changed his life, he wandered blindly through the streets. In the dim light of a streetlamp, he noticed an old man sitting on a bench. “Another lonely man, just like me,” he thought to himself. “Bob,” the old man looked up. Although twenty years had passed, he could still recognize that face—Jimmy’s face. “I’m here for our meeting, though I don’t know if you still want it. Anyway, welcome home, buddy!”
“Long time no see,” murmured Bob, his voice trembling. The uncertainty was gone. He now had a home.
Presenting ideas
Read the two points of view about friendship. Decide which one you agree with.
The more friends you have, the happier you’ll be.
A few true friends are enough.
Think of reasons to support your opinion and make notes.
Point of view
Arguments
Supporting examples
Team up with a group with the opposite opinion and hold a debate.
Useful expressions
·In my opinion, ...
·I’m sorry, but I don’t agree because...
·I see your point, but...
·That’s a good point, but...
Language points
核心詞匯
In his stories，he often focused on the everyday life of ordinary people in New York City at that time. 在他的故事里，他經常關注那個時期紐約市里普通人的日常生活。
1 ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的
in the ordinary way 一般，通常
out of the ordinary 不尋常，出乎意料
In the ordinary way，she’s not a nervous person. 一般而言，她不是個愛緊張的人。
The author describes the detective as a very ordinary person.
作者把這個偵探描述成一個非常平凡的人。［詞匯復現］
This is no ordinary car. 這可不是普通的汽車。
搭配
【詞語辨析】ordinary，common，normal 與usual
易混詞 辨　析 例　句
ordinary
指普通，無奇特之處（反：special） His mother is an ordinary teacher.
他的母親是一位平凡的教師。
common
指常見（反：rare） Rabbits and foxes are common there.
兔子和狐貍在那里很常見。
normal
指標準正常 Her temperature is normal.
她的體溫正常。
usual
指慣例（反：unusual） We’ll meet at the usual time.
我們將在老時間會面。
選詞填空（ordinary/common/normal/usual）
（1）［詞匯復現］He referred to the life of the 　　　　 people in his book.
（2）It’s 　　　　 to feel tired after such a long trip.
（3）Some kinds of birds which were once a 　　 　　sight are now becoming rare.
（4）［ 詞匯復現］As 　　　　，I was focusing my attention on writing a novel on Sunday morning.
完成句子
（5） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（通常），she leaves home at 7：30.
（6）The traffic is now 　　　　　　　　　　 （恢復正常）after two days of heavy fog.
（7）The rent in this district is higher 　　　　 　　　　（比往常）.
ordinary
normal
common
usual
In the ordinary way
back to normal
than usual
The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要去西部賺大錢了。
2 fortune n. ［C］大筆的錢，巨款；［U］運氣；機遇
make a/one’s fortune 發財
seek one’s fortune 外出尋找發財機會
be worth a fortune 值一大筆錢
cost a fortune 要花一大筆錢
try one’s fortune 碰運氣
tell one’s fortune 給某人算命
have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事
He made his fortune in car sales. 他靠賣汽車發了財。
We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune. 我們不得不總在外面吃飯，結果花了很多錢。I had the good fortune to work with a brilliant head of department. 我有幸與一位出色的部門主管共事。
搭配
【單詞積累】
be fortunate in doing sth. 因做某事而感到幸運
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸能做某事
完成句子
（1）Knowing that it was easy to find diamond in the desert，he went there to ________________（碰運氣）.
（2）I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（足夠幸運地遇到） the professor who appreciated my paintings very much.
單句語法填空
（3）He felt 　　　　（fortune）that the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview.
（4） 　　　 　（fortunate），she promised me an interview chance.
（5）I was fortunate 　　　　（enjoy）such attractive scenery in your hometown.
（6）Central London is fortunate 　　　　 having so many large parks and open space.
try his fortune
was fortunate enough to meet
fortunate
Fortunately
to enjoy
in
We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out... 我們當時覺得， 二十年以后，我們應該都能找到出路……
3 ought to 應該，應當
I really ought to go on a diet. 我真的應該節食了。
By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. 到了這個時候，他的餐館應該是賓客盈門了。
You ought to keep your word and forgive her. 你應該遵守諾言并原諒她。
【學法點撥】
ought to 是情態動詞，沒有人稱、數和時態的變化，后接動詞原形， 用法與 should 基本相同。
否定式：ought not to do.../oughtn’t to do...
一般疑問句：Ought + 主語 + to do...
完成句子
（1）To be a top student，we 　　　　 　　 　　（應該）be strict with ourselves.
（2）Once lost in the forest，you 　　　　　　 　　 　　　　（應該留在）where you are waiting for help.
（3）［詞匯復現］We 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 （應該尊重）those who have such good qualities as generosity and patience.
（4）You 　　　　　　　　 　　（不該開車）if you’re tired.
ought to
ought to remain
ought to respect
oughtn’t to drive
4 work out （1）找到……的答案，解決；計算出（2）成功地發展（不及物動詞短語） （3）鍛煉，健身（=exercise）
work out a problem 解決問題
work out the answer 計算出答案
It’s a very strange situation. I can’t work it out. 這是一種非常奇怪的情況，我弄不清是怎么回事。
Things just didn’t work out as planned. 事情根本沒有按計劃發展。
More and more people work out at the gym. 越來越多的人到健身房鍛煉。［詞匯復現］
【歸納拓展】
（1）work at/on 從事，致力于 work as 當……，做……工作 work for 為……工作；努力促成
（2）turn out 結果是，證明是 break out 爆發
carry out 執行，實施 make out 理解，弄清楚
give out 分發；發出；用完，耗盡 run out 用完，耗盡
完成句子
（1）［詞匯復現］If you want to keep fit，you can 　　　　 　　　（鍛煉）in a gym regularly.
（2）Teachers are supposed to teach teenagers 　　　　　　　　　　　　（如何解決） the psychological problems.
單句語法填空
（3）［詞匯復現］We’d better discuss everything in detail before we work 　　　　 the plan.
（4）We need to put in our time and work 　　　 　 our skills.
（5）I could hear voices but I couldn’t make 　　　　 what they were saying.
work out
how to work out
out
on/at
out
Well，yes，for a time we corresponded，”said the other.
“嗯，不是的。我們聯系過一段時間，”男人說。
5 correspond v. 通信；符合，相一致
correspond with sb. 與某人通信
correspond with/to sth. 與……相符
She still corresponds with the American friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
她仍與9 年前在馬略卡島結識的美國朋友們通信。
Your account of events does not correspond with hers. 你對事情的陳述與她的不相符。
【單詞積累】
corresponding adj. 相應的；相符合的
correspondence n. 通信；信件
搭配
單句語法填空
（1）［詞匯復現］We have corresponded 　　　　 each other since we graduated from college.
（2）［詞匯復現］The written record of the conversation doesn’t correspond 　　　　 what was actually said.
（3）March and April sales this year were up 8 percent on the 　　 　　 （correspond）period last year.
（4）We welcome 　　 　　（correspond）from readers on any subject.
with
to/with
corresponding
correspondence
...it’s worth it if my old partner turns up.
……只要我的老朋友出現，這一切就都是值得的。
6 worth adj. 值得；值……錢
be worth doing 值得做（worth 前常用well 修飾）
be worth it 值得
be worth + 錢數　值……錢
The suggestion he came up with was worth considering. 他提出的建議值得考慮。
The museum is well worth a visit/visiting. 這家博物館很值得參觀。
The job involves a lot of hard work but it’s worth it.
這工作需要花費很大力氣，但是值得。
The jewel is worth about six thousand dollars. 這個珠寶大約值6 000 美元。
搭配
【詞語辨析】worth，worthy 與 worthwhile
易混詞 搭　配 例　句
worth be worth+n. /doing The matter is worth
The matter is worthy
It’s worthwhile
這件事值得考慮。
worthy of+n.
of being done
to be done
worthwhile It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
be worthy
完成句子
（1）The Summer Palace 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　（值得游覽）. Therefore I plan to have a look at it this summer holiday.
單句語法填空
（2）This article is well worth 　 　　（read）， but it is not worthy of __________________________（translate）.
（3）The novel is worthy 　　　　（read）a second time.
（4）It might be worthwhile 　 　　　（consider） your attitude to an insurance policy.
（5）—What do you think of the film
—It is well worth 　　 　　（watch）.
（6）It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular，and 　 　　　（introduce）better ones of your own.
（7）This job is worth 　　　　（do），but it isn’t worthwhile 　　 　　（spend） so much time doing it.
is worth a visit/is worth visiting
reading
translation/ being translated
to be read
considering/to consider
introducing
doing
spending/to spend
watching
7 turn up（意外地或終于）出現；被找到；調大（音量等）
The man didn’t turn up in the pub until closing time.
那名男子直到關門時才在酒吧露面。
Don’t worry about the letter—I’m sure it’ll turn up.
別為那封信擔心，我相信會找到的。
Turn up the radio. 把收音機開大聲一點。
【歸納拓展】
turn round/around 轉身 turn down 拒絕；調低
turn out 結果是，證明是 turn to 求助于；轉向；翻到
turn on 打開 turn off 關掉
turn into（使）變成 turn over 翻轉；移交
單句語法填空
（1）To our excitement，several famous players turned 　　　　 at the stadium.
（2）Turn 　　　　 the radio so that everyone can hear it.
（3）His forecast turned 　　　　 to be completely wrong.
（4）［詞匯復現］If you come across any difficulty during your journey，you can turn ________ me.
（5）［詞匯復現］Despite being unwelcome，the unexpected guest turned 　　　　.
up
up
out
to
up
I was at the appointed place on time. 我按時到了指定地點。
8 appointed adj. 約定的，指定的
at the appointed time 在指定時間
at the appointed place 在指定地點
Everyone assembled in the hall at the appointed time. 所有人都在指定時間到大廳里集合。
【單詞積累】
（1）appoint v. 任命，委派；約定，確定（時間、地點）
（as/to be）... 任命某人為……
appoint sb. + to... 任命某人到……任職
to do sth. 委派某人做某事
Our teacher appointed him as monitor. 我們的老師任命他為班長。
She was the first woman to be appointed to the board. 她是第一位被任命進入董事會的女性。
（2）appointment n. 約定，約會；任命，委任 have an appointment with 與……有約
make an appointment 約時間 keep an appointment 準時赴約
搭配
單句語法填空
（1）Ten minutes before the 　　　　 （appoint） time，he sat nervously outside her office.
（2）Though opposed by many members，he was appointed 　　　　 head of the committee.
（3）I have an appointment 　　　　 Dr. Smith， but I need to change it.
（４）Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended through-out her school days by a nurse ____________（appoint）to guard her.
（5）We would like to announce the 　　　 　 （appoint） of Julia Lewis as head of sales.
（6）A committee was appointed 　　　 　 （consider） the plans.
appointed
as
with
appointed
appointment
to consider
Think about what happened in each of the three scenes...
想想這三個場景中分別發生了什么……
9 scene n. 場景，場面；景色，景象；發生地點，現場；（戲劇中的）一場
on the scene 到現場
at the scene 在現場
The film contains some scenes at a parking lot.
這部影片有幾處發生在停車場的場景。［詞匯復現］
battle scenes 戰斗場面
We set off to admire the peaceful country scene. 我們出發去欣賞寧靜的鄉村景色。［詞匯復現］
the scene of the accident/crime 事故/犯罪現場
Firefighters were on the scene immediately. 消防隊員立刻趕到了現場。
Act I，Scene 2 of “Hamlet” 《哈姆雷特》第 1 幕第2 場
搭配
單句語法填空
（1）The band sang a beautiful song 　　　　 the scene and all the fans were excited.
（2）［詞匯復現］The seaside reminds me of many joyful 　　　　（scene）of my vacation.
完成句子
（3）［詞匯復現］The police 　　　　　　　　　 　　 　（到現場）immediately and caught those criminals.
（4）A new chapter in a novel is something like 　　　　　　　　　　（新的一場） in a play.
on
scenes
were on the scene
a new scene
Was he ashamed of having a friend like me
他因擁有像我這樣的朋友而感到不好意思嗎？
10 be ashamed of 對……感到羞愧或難為情
She was deeply ashamed of being defeated a second time. 再次被擊敗，她深感羞愧。
【歸納拓展】
（1）be ashamed that... 對……感到慚愧
be ashamed to do sth. 因做某事而感到慚愧
As a boy，I am ashamed to say that I have a preference for pink.
作為一個男孩，我不好意思說我偏愛粉色。
（2）It is a shame that... 真遺憾…… to one’s shame 令某人感到慚愧的是
What a shame! 多可惜！/ 真遺憾！
【學法點撥】ashamed 常用作表語。其他常用作表語的形容詞還有 alone，asleep，awake，alike，aware 等。
單句語法填空
（1）［詞匯復現］Your behavior was shocking. You should be ashamed 　　　　 yourself.
完成句子
（2）［詞匯復現］ 　　　　　　　　　（令她感到慚愧的是），she gained back all the weight she had lost.
（3）［詞匯復現］We shouldn’t 　　　　　　　　 　　　　（對……感到羞愧）our weight because our inner beauty is more important.
同義句轉換
（4）He is ashamed of having misunderstood her.
=He is ashamed 　　　　 he has misunderstood her.
of
To her shame
feel/be ashamed of
that
...but also drive the plot forward and create a particular atmosphere. ……而且推動情節發展并營造一種特別的氛圍。
11 atmosphere n. 氣氛，氛圍，環境；大氣（層）
create a（n）...atmosphere 營造……的氛圍
have a（n）...atmosphere 有……的氛圍
The lovely relaxed atmosphere here cheered me up a lot. 這里自在愉快的氛圍讓我心情好了很多。
pollution of the atmosphere大氣污染
Carbon dioxide can prevent heat from getting out of the atmosphere.
二氧化碳會阻止熱量從大氣層釋放出去。
【誤區警示】
表示抽象地點的名詞如position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere 作先行詞，且關系詞在從句中作狀語時，常用關系副詞 where 引導定語從句。
搭配
單句語法填空
（1）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere 　　　 　 his employees enjoy their work.
（2）These factories are releasing toxic gases into 　　　　 atmosphere.
完成句子
（3）The restaurant is famous for its 　　　　 　 　　　 　　　（友好的氛圍）and excellent service.
where
the
friendly atmosphere
重點句式
You couldn’t have dragged Jimmy out of New York...
你沒法把吉米拖出紐約……
1 couldn’t have done 過去不可能做過
At the time we couldn’t have anticipated the result of our campaign.
那時我們不可能預料到我們這項運動的結果。
He couldn’t have been more than fourteen years old. 他不可能超過14 歲。
【歸納拓展】
can’t/couldn’t have done 過去不可能做過 could have done 過去本能夠做（而未做）
should have done 過去本應該做（而未做） shouldn’t have done 過去本不該做（卻做了）
must have done 過去一定做過 may/might have done 過去可能做過
needn’t have done 過去本沒有必要做（卻做了）
You shouldn’t have gone without telling us. We were really concerned about you.
你不應該不告訴我們一聲就走。我們真的很擔心你。
單句語法填空
（1）I couldn’t 　　 　　（enjoy）myself more— it was a perfect day.
（2）You should 　　 　　（set）down his telephone number yesterday，but you didn’t.
（3）It must 　　 　　（rain）last night，for the ground is wet.
（4）I needn’t 　　 　　（buy）so much wine— only five people came.
（5）His room was dark last night. He might 　　　 　（go）to bed.
完成句子
（6）Why are your eyes so red You 　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　（不可能睡好） last night.
have enjoyed
have set
have rained
have bought
have gone
can’t/couldn’t have slept well
...no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 不管日后各自情況如何，不管距離多遠……
2 “no matter + 疑問詞”引導讓步狀語從句
No matter what（=Whatever） you say，he will not believe you.
不管你說什么，他都不會相信你。
You must continue to see them no matter how much（=however much） you disagree with them. 無論你和他們之間有多大的分歧， 你都得繼續去看他們。
No matter how（=However） bright a talker you are，there are times when it’s better to remain silent. 不管你是多么聰明的一個談話者， 有時候保持沉默更好。
【學法點撥】
（1）no matter 意為“不管，無論”，與 what，who，which，when，where，how等疑問詞連用，引導讓步狀語從句，分別相當于whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however 等。
（2）“no matter+ 疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，而whatever， whoever，whichever 除了可以引導讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導名詞性從句。
Whatever David says（名詞性從句）sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to be with him whatever/no matter what happens（狀語從句）. 對于海倫來說，無論戴維說什么都是對的。那就是她決定無論發生什么事都要和他在一起的原因。
單句語法填空
（1）［詞匯復現］One can always manage to do more things，no matter 　　　　 full one’s schedule is in life.
完成句子
（2）I’m convinced that we can overcome any difficulty，________________________________（無論它是什么）.
（3） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　（不管他在哪里），he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
how
no matter what it is/whatever it is
No matter where he is/Wherever he is
選詞填空（whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however）
（4）I’ll do 　　 　　 I can to help you.
（5）I will lend my e-dictionary to 　　 　　 wants to look up words and promises to take good care of it.
（6）—When could you have a meal with me
— I’d like to go 　　 　　 it is convenient to you.
（7） 　　　 　 hard I tried to think about it，what he said didn’t really get across to me.
whatever
whoever
whenever
However

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