資源簡介

(共25張PPT)
Unit 2
外研版（2019）
英語 必修一
01
02
03
Discovering the rules
Studying the rules
Applying the rules
01
pineapple
basketball
pine
apple
basket
ball
01
Discovering the rules
butterfly
butter
fly
mooncake
moon
cake
01
Discovering the rules
Can you find out a common feature of these words
…whether there was ham in a hamburger.
We can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting.
We can get seasick at sea.
They are invisible.
Discussion
01
Discovering the rules
一種語言的詞匯絕不能看作是無生命的、完全的整體。詞匯是會通過其構詞能力不斷地生成和再生成的。
構詞法
（根據(jù)一定的規(guī)律構成新單詞的方法）
Compounding（合成）
Conversion（轉(zhuǎn)化）
Derivation（派生）
Acronym（縮略）
02
Studying the rules
Compounding（合成）
create a new word by compounding two or more existing words
(由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞)
＋
＝
＋
＝
02
Studying the rules
(1) n.+n.: air conditioner （空調(diào)）；blood pressure（血壓）
(2) adj. + n.：central bank （中央銀行）；fast food（快餐）
(3) v-ing. + n.：washing machine（洗衣機）；driving license（駕駛證）
(4) n. + v-ing. ：story-telling（講故事）；hand-writing（筆跡）
(5) adv. + v.：outbreak（爆發(fā)）；output（產(chǎn)量）
(6) v. + adv.：breakdown（故障）；feedback（反饋）
1.合成名詞
02
Studying the rules
2.合成形容詞
(1)詞尾為過去分詞或+ed: absent-minded（心不在焉的）；hand-made（手工的）
(2)詞尾為現(xiàn)在分詞：good-looking（好看的）；easy-going（隨和的）
(3)詞尾為形容詞：duty-free（免稅的）；homesick （想家的）
3.合成動詞
overcome（戰(zhàn)勝）;undergo（經(jīng)歷）
4.合成副詞
whole-heartedly （全心全意地）;
downstairs（在樓下）
02
Studying the rules
Find the Compounding words in the reading material and give the meanings.
While we’re doing all this travelling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing
seasick（暈船）; airsick（暈機）; carsick（暈車）; homesick（想家）; homework（家庭作業(yè)）; housework（家務事）
【即學即練】
02
Studying the rules
change the part of speech（詞性）(改變單詞的詞性)
Conversion（轉(zhuǎn)化）
(1)動詞 名詞
Look at me.
Let me have a look.
(2)名詞 動詞
Open your book.
I must book the ticket.
(3)形容詞 動詞
Our classroom is very clean.
We clean our classroom every day.
(4)形容詞 名詞
(意義改變)
You are right.
Citizens have the right to speak freely.
02
Studying the rules
請大家判斷詞性轉(zhuǎn)化類型,然后翻譯句子
(1) Let me have a try.
(2) You could shoulder the task.
(3) You should try your best to better your performance.
(4)They are discussing the content of the story.
v.-n.
讓我來試一試。
n.-v.
你可以承擔這項任務。
adj.-v.
你應該盡最大努力讓自己有更好的表現(xiàn)。
adj.-n.
他們正在討論這個故事的內(nèi)容。
【即學即練】
02
Studying the rules
Derivation 派生
by adding a prefix or (and) a suffix (在詞根上加上前、后綴構成另外一個詞)
unemployment
單詞=
前綴
詞根
后綴
改變詞義
詞的本意
改變詞性
02
Studying the rules
Prefix-前綴
by-
inter-
mid-
under-
1.表示否定的前綴：
dis-
il-
im-
ir-
in-
un-
2.表示空間位置，方向的前綴：
02
Studying the rules
Prefix-前綴
ex-
fore
mid-
post-
3.表示比較程度差別關系的前綴：
extra-
over-
super-
under
…
4.表示時間的前綴：
5.表示重復的前綴：
re-
6.表示動化的前綴：
en-
02
Studying the rules
1.表示否定意義前綴：
Prefix-前綴
dis-
in-
il-
im-
ir-
mis-
non-
un-
convenient→ inconvenient (不方便的)
legal→ illegal (不合法的)
possible→ impossible (不可能的)
responsible→ irresponsible (不負責的)
ability→ disability (無能力; 殘疾)
understand → misunderstand（誤解）
profit → non-profit（非營利的）
certain →uncertain（不確定的）
02
Studying the rules
Prefix-前綴
by- “附近，鄰近”road → byroad（側(cè)道）
under-“在......下面” ground → underground（地鐵）
inter- “在……間，相互”national → international（國際的）
mid- “中間” night → midnight（午夜）, autumn → mid-
autumn（中秋）
re- “又,再” arrange→ rearrange （重新安排）
en- “使......” able→ enable （使能夠）
pre- “前” war → pre-war（戰(zhàn)前的）
post-“后” war → post-war（戰(zhàn)后的）
2.表示空間位置，
方向關系的前綴
4.表示其他意義
3.表示時間
02
Studying the rules
advantage
sensitive
moral
logical
reversible(可逆的）
necessary
disadvantage 不利的
insensitive 不敏感的
immoral 不道德的
illogical 無邏輯的
irreversible 不可逆的
unnecessary 沒有必要的
給以下單詞加上前綴并猜測詞義
【即學即練】
02
Studying the rules
Suffix-后綴
-er: design → designer（設計者）
-or: act → actor（演員）
-ee: employ → employee（雇員）
-ist: art→ artist （藝術家）
-ian: music→ musician（音樂家）
-ant: assist→ assistant （助手）
-ess: god→ goddess (女神)
-ness: careless → carelessness（粗心）
-ment: achieve→ achievement （成就）
-dom: free→ freedom（自由）
-tion: attract→ attraction （吸引力）
-ance: accept→ acceptance （接受）
-ence: depend→ dependence （依賴）
-ture: mix→ mixture （混合，混合物）
-y: recover→ recovery （恢復, 痊愈）
2.其他名詞后綴
02
Studying the rules
Suffix-后綴
-able: avoid →avoidable（可避免的）
-tive: attract→ attractive (有吸引力的)
-al: nation→ national （民族的）
-(i)ous: danger→ dangerous （危險的）
-ful: help→ helpful （有幫助的）
-less: care→ careless （粗心的）
-some: trouble→ troublesome (有麻煩的)
-ial: influence→ influential (有影響力的)
4. 動詞后綴
-en: sharp →sharpen（使尖銳）
-fy: simple → simplify （使簡化）
-ize: modern→ modernize （使現(xiàn)代化）
5. 副詞后綴
-ly: happy →happily（高興地）
-s: indoor→ indoors （在室內(nèi)）
-ward(s): toward（趨向）
02
Studying the rules
找出段落中的派生詞并猜測詞義
The gesture “thumb-up” is commonly misinterpreted. In English, it is popularly known as ‘thumbs up’, despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand. English-speaking Caucasians use it to signal ‘OK’, which is the same meaning as O.K. ring gesture. The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably.
commonly 通常地； misinterpret 誤解；
popularly 流行地；action 動作；interchangeably 可交換地
【即學即練】
02
Studying the rules
Acronym（縮略）
A word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of sth.
（縮略法，即將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變）
World Health Organization→ WHO
Information Technology→ IT
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
2.截頭縮略
1.首字母縮略
examination→exam
laboratory→lab
3.去尾縮略
02
Studying the rules
Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
1. changing the part of speech（詞性）
2. adding a prefix （前綴）or suffix（后綴）
3. abbreviating（縮略）
4. combining two or more words
a. Neither is there pine nor
apple in pineapple.
b. ... sculpt a sculpture
c. When we…see rain…
we can say “it raining”…
d. WHO
【即學即練】
03
Studying the rules
rain(形容詞) ________ agree(反義)__________
nation(形容詞)_______ farm(人)__________
recent(副詞)________ friend(形容詞)________
hope(形容詞)_______ job(形容詞)_________
visit(名詞)__________ access(形容詞) ________
eight(八十)________ true(名詞)___________
kind(名詞)_______ China(形容詞)________
1. 按括號內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞
rainy
national
recently
hopeful
visitor
eighty
kindness
disagree
farmer
friendly
jobless
accessible
truth
Chinese
03
Applying the rules
Practice (II) 用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空：
Harry Potter is a boy who is full of ________________ (imagine)
___________________ (congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.
I received a letter of ________________ (invite) but I didn’t accept it.
His late ____________(arrive) made a mess of our plan.
To the _________________(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself
without their help.
He did exercise to _________________ (strong) his muscles.
I went out to ________________( breath) the fresh air.
Don’t take his words ______________ (serious); he was just kidding.
The boy felt ____________ (comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke.
10. The _______________(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in
anything new.
11. The boy’s ___________ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor.
12. He _____________ (like) those who are not well-behaved.
13. He was ________________ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.
imagination
Congratulations
invitation
arrival
amazement
strengthen
breathe
seriously
uncomfortable
popularity
unusual
dislikes
informally
03
Applying the rules

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