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(共23張PPT)
Unit 4 Friend forever
Attributive clauses
b. The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests.
Activity 1: Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1. We can… stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with these people.
a.We can... stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
2.The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interest…
What does “that” refer to in sentence (a)
What does “who” refer to in sentence (b)
What is the difference between the two groups of the sentences
We can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people.
We want to remain friends with them.
B. We can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
1.使文章更清晰
2.對所定義的人或事物產(chǎn)生強調(diào)效果。
Activity 2: why does the author choose to use sentence (B) in the passage
1. a kind girl
2. a book on the desk
3. I have homework to finish
4. the fallen leaves
5. the boy who is very smart
6. Someone kind helped me.
什么是定語？
定語修飾名詞/代詞。
定語可以是:形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語。
修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。
adj. .....的
本質(zhì)就是形容詞。
1. We prefer to make friends (who share our interests).
2. She is the one that he is long to see again.
1. Definition (定義)
friends
定語從句是用來充當定語的句子，它主要用于修飾句子中的 ，位于被修飾的名詞和代詞 。
翻譯為 ，作用相當于一個 詞。
“...的”
先行詞
關系詞
定語從句
the one
that
名詞和代詞
之后
結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關系詞+從句的其它部分
形容
2. 關系詞的作用
A good friend is a person can help us.
who/that
關系詞的三個作用:
1.連接作用：連接___句和定語從句。
2.替代作用：替代_____詞。
3.成分作用：在定語從句中必須充當_____。
成分
主
先行
（定語從句中必須缺少某種成分）
a person
結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關系詞+從句的其它部分
3. 關系詞的分類
關系詞
關系代詞
關系副詞
who, whom, whose, that, which
在從句中充當 和定語。
where, when, why
在從句中充當 。
主語，賓語，表語
狀語
The girl is my sister.
who指代的先行詞為 ，在定語從句中作的成分為 ，有時也可作賓語，做賓語可省略。
whom指代的先行詞為 ,在定語從句中作 ,可省略。
人
人
主語
賓語
4. 關系代詞 who 的用法
The girl is my sister.
The girl stands under the tree.
Who = the girl
The girl 在句中作主語
The girl stands under the tree .
who
The girl is my sister who stands under the tree.
I happened to meet Dr.K in the shopping center yesterday.
I got to know Dr.k at the party.
Dr.K=who
but! Dr.K在句中作賓語
Dr.K=whom
I happened to meet Dr.K
whom
I got to know Dr.k at the party.
in the shopping center yesterday
I happened to meet Dr.K whom I got to know at the party in the shopping center yesterday.
whom指代的先行詞為 ,在定語從句中作 ,可省略。
人
賓語
4. 關系代詞 whom 的用法
Ms Zhao is a good teacher.
Her PPTs are of great use.
Ms Zhao is a good teacher.
her PPTs are of great use.
whose
whose 通常指代的先行詞為 ，也可指 ，表“_____”關系, （相當于 "...的"）在定語從句中做的句子成分為 。
人
物
定語
所屬
4. 關系代詞 whose 的用法
Her PPTs=whose PPTs
Her 在句子中作定語
Her PPT =Ms Zhao’s PPT= whose PPT
Ms Zhao is a good teacher whose PPTs are of great use .
whose 通常指代的先行詞為 ，也可指 ，表“_____”關系, （相當于 "...的"）在定語從句中做的句子成分為 。
There is a beautiful house on the mountain.
The house’s window broke last night.
There is a beautiful house
on the mountain.
the house’s window broke last night.
whose
人
物
定語
所屬
4. 關系代詞 whose 的用法
House’s window=whose window
House’s 在句子中作定語
There is a beautiful house whose window broke last night on the mountain.
2. He is a good scientist that is respected by people.
that指代的先行詞為 ，也可以指 ，
在定語從句中常作成分__________________
作賓語時常可省略。
主語，賓語
人
物
4. 關系代詞 that 的用法
1.This unit is very meaningful. This unit talks about friendship.
That = This unit
This unit 在句中作主語
1.This unit that talks about friendship is very meaningful.
2.He is a good scientist. He is respected by people.
2. She bought a special gift which she decided to give to her friend.
which指代的先行詞為 ，在定語從句作的成分為 ，做賓語時常可省略。
物
主語或賓語
4. 關系代詞 which 的用法
1.He has a good quality. The quality contributes to his development.
which = quality
The quality在句中作主語
1. He has a good quality which contributes to his development.
2.She bought a special gift.
She decided to give the gift to her friend.
that VS which
先行詞
all, much, little something ,everything等不定代詞時
This is the best hotpot that I have ever had.
既有人也有物
Do you know the things and person that they are talking about
被all, much, little something ,everything等不定代詞修飾時。
形容詞最高級或被形容詞詞最高級修飾時
序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾
This is the first book that I read this year.
He told me everything that he knew.
I have read all the books that were borrowed from others.
5. 通常只能用that 的場合
that VS which
先行詞
在非限制性定語從句中,
非限有逗號隔開
介詞后（介詞 + which）
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries.
6. 通常只能用which 的場合
7.種類:限制性定語從句VS非限制性定語從句
1. The girl usually uses Wechat to keep track of her best friend, which is a very convenient way to maintain their friendships.
2. This unit that talks about friendship is very meaningful.
3. We can't give away our personal information to the strangers who may be the criminals.
4. As is known, a friend in need is a friend indeed.
限
非限
限
非限
1. 限制性定語從句用于對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制和識別。如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定語從句用于對先行詞起補充說明的作用。如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
2. 限無逗號隔開，但非限有逗號隔開。
3. 非限通常不能用that 引導，可以用which, as 等。
4. 先行詞都是名詞或代詞，但非限還可修飾前面整個句子。
關系代詞 指人/物 在定從句中充當什么成分
that
which
who
whom
whose
賓語
定語+n.
人、物
人、物
主語、賓語
物
主語、賓語
人
主語、賓語
人
1. This unit that/which talks about friendship is very meaningful.
2. His partner who/that is addicted to playing video games hasn't completed his work yet.
3. The boy that/who/whom I talked with is extremely hardworking.
4. The little baby whose smile is sweet is very popular.
物
人
人
人/物
/主
/主
/賓
/定
Summary
定語從句解題思路:
四步搞定定語從句
1．第一步：確定是定語從句
空后的句子不完整，且對空前的某一名詞、代詞或整個主句起修飾作用。
2．第二步：分清限制與非限制
That 和why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
3．第三步：尋找先行詞，判斷屬性
指人還是指物，表時間、地點還是原因。
4．第四步：判斷從句中所缺成分，確定關系詞
(1)缺少主語：that/which/who；
(2)缺少賓語：that/which/who/whom；
(3)缺少定語：whose；
(4)缺少時間、地點或原因狀語時，分別用when, where, why。

1. A good friend is a person we can trust.
2. Read a poem topic is related to friendship.
3. We discuss the friendship is important in
our life.
who/that/whom
whose
that/which
Exercise:
如何寫出定語從句？
I met a woman.我遇見了一位女士
She can speak six languages. 她會說六種語言。
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
如何寫出定語從句？
定語從句三步驟
I met a woman.
She can speak six languages.
1. 共同的名詞/代詞
woman=she
（做主語）
2.替換合適的關系代詞
she=who（人）
關系代詞：
who 人
that人/物
which 物
whose人物（所屬）
whom人（賓格）
3.合并句子，注意關系代詞通常緊跟在名詞之后，表示兩者的修飾關系
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
Lucy is my friend who / that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language which / that allows me to “speak” with my hands.
3 Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are
always inspiring.
4 I sometimes have problems (that /
which) I can’t solve.
5 Lucy is a good listener (whom / who
/ that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Applying the rules:
Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.
that / which
whose
who / that
which / that
whom / who
Applying the rules:

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