資源簡介

(共30張PPT)
Discovering useful structures
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
By the end of the class, you'll be able to
1. To learn the -ing form as the object and predicative
2. To distinguish the function of the -ing form and to do form as the object
3. To distinguish the function of the gerund , present particle, past particle as predicative
Learning Objectives
The -ing Form as the— Examples
Swimming is his favourite sport.
He is the man swimming in the river just now.
Swimming in summer, we can get cool.
I found him swimming in the river.
You should practise playing the piano every day.
Her duty is taking care of the babies
Tell the function of –ing form in each sentence.
Subject
Attribute
Adverbial
Object complement
Object
Predicative
Revision
1.Review of the usage of the –ing form.
V-ing 時態和語態
主 動 被 動
一般
完成
否定式 doing
being done
having done
having been done
not+doing / not+having done
Revision
Watch the video, and pay attention to the -ing form in the dialogue.
Lead-in
Observe and Analyze
I enjoy learning about body language in different cultures.
I find myself constantly interested in learning about body language, too.
謂語動詞
介詞
v-ing 作賓語
動作的承受者
賓語
及物動詞和介詞后
位置
-ing as object
1. The speaker focused his attention on gesturing with his hands.
2. She expressed her feelings through nodding her head.
3. The audience showed their eagerness with leaning forward.
4. He conveyed his message by smiling to the audience.
5. The interviewer judged the candidate based on observing their facial expressions.
介詞
-ing form
介賓結構
object
Tip 1 動詞-ing 形式常位于 之后作賓語成分，與其前面的介詞一起構成 結構。
介詞
介賓
-ing as object
Explore and Summarize
Compare
I am looking forward to going to the conference to learn more about nonverbal communication.
She is excited about having the opportunity to demonstrate her expertise in interpreting body language.
介詞to
動詞不定式符號to
Attention: 動詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語中，注意區分介詞to與不定式符號to。
常見的有介詞to 的短語
devote…to獻身于 set about著手做
be/get used to習慣于 be fond of喜歡
be afraid of害怕 be tired of對……厭煩
succeed in成功地做……
be interested in對……感興趣
-ing as object
在以下結構中，v.- ing形式作介詞的賓語，介詞常省略。
spend...(in) doing 花費……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing... 做……有困難/麻煩
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing… 阻止某人做某事
waste time (in) doing… 浪費時間做某事
be busy (in) doing… 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing… 高興做某事/費了很大勁做某事
There is no point (in) doing… 做某事毫無意義
Notice
1. She considers folding her arms a defensive posture when negotiating.
2. They admit leaning forward during a conversation to show genuine interest.
3. I don’t allow crossing legs in my yoga class because it can suggest disengagement.
4. I feel like blinking my eyes rapidly when the strong light shines.
動詞
動賓結構
object
-ing form
Tip 2 動詞-ing 形式也常位于 之后作賓語成分，與其前面的動詞一起構成 結構。
及物動詞
動賓
-ing as object
Explore and Summarize
有些動詞后只能跟動詞-ing形式作賓語
喜歡考慮要想象(enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy)
介意冒險可避免(mind, risk, avoid)
允許承認不喜歡(allow, admit, dislike)
欣賞錯過可理解(appreciate, miss, understand)
主張完成不拖延(advocate, finish, delay/postpone)
建議堅持勤練習(suggest/advise/recommend, keep, practice)
反對逃避不放棄(oppose/resist, escape, quit)
-ing as object
只跟動詞不定時形式作賓語的動詞
desire to do sth
wish to do sth
expect to do sth
claim to do sth
dare to do sth
apply to do sth
agree to do sth
determine to do sth
decide to do sth
struggle to do sth
learn to do sth
refuse to do sth
decline to do sth
promise to do sth
attempt to do sth
prepare to do sth
hesitate to do sth
bother to do sth
pretend to do sth
tend to do sth
動詞to do 形式作賓語
-ing as object
When he means to express friendliness and openness, he always smiles.
That he always smiles means expressing friendliness and openness.
當他想表示友好和坦率時，他總是微笑。
他總是面帶微笑，這意味著他的友好和坦率。
You should remember to maintain eye contact during your speech.
I remember maintaining eye contact during my speech.
你要記得在演講時保持眼神接觸。
我記得在我演講的時候一直保持眼神交流。
還沒做
做過了
有些動詞既可接to do 又可接動詞-ing形式作賓語，且意義不同。
-ing as object
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(未做)
regret doing sth.對做過的事表示遺憾/后悔(已做)
regret to do sth.對即將做的事表示遺憾(未做)
try doing sth.試著做某事
try to do sth.盡力去做某事
go on doing sth.繼續做原來做的事
go on to do sth.繼續做另外一件事
remember doing sth.記得做過某事(已做)
remember to do sth.記著去做某事(未做)
mean doing sth.意味著做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
既可接to do 又可接動詞-ing形式作賓語，且意義不同的常見動詞
-ing as object
Although body language is really powerful, it needs using properly.
Although body language is really powerful, it needs to be used properly.
need doing =need to be done需要被……
特別注意：些動詞后接動詞-ing形式作賓語，但表達了被動的意義，相當于to be done ）
sth need / require / deserve / want / desire + doing
= sth need / require / deserve / want / desire + to be done
Comparison
Sb +
make
think
believe
consider
find
feel
+ it +
useless
no use
no good
a waste of time
worthwhile
+V-ing
I found it useless (no use )_________________________(爭論這個問題).
arguing about the problem.
Do you consider it any good _____________(再試一次)
trying again
在形式賓語中動詞-ing的使用
Notice
動詞-ing形式作賓語
位于介詞之后(介賓）
注意區分介to與動詞不定式符號to注
意介詞省略的情況
位于及物動詞之后（動賓）
有些動詞只接動詞-ing形式
有些動詞既可接動詞不定式又可接動詞-ing形式，且意義不同
有些動詞后接動詞-ing形式作賓語，但表達動詞不定式被動語態的意義。
Summary
1. Do you feel like __________ (have) a walk with me after supper
2. My father suggested __________ (read) more books in my spare time.
3. He devotes himself to __________ (look) into the matter.
4. You need to practise __________(speak) English to make progress.
5. Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in ________ (make) friends.
6. She likes spending much money __________ (buy) clothes for herself.
having
reading
looking
speaking
making
buying
Practice
The crucial thing is using body language appropriately.
It’s amazing how much we understand just by watching people’s gestures and expressions.
系動詞
系動詞
v-ing 作表語
表語:系動詞之后的句子成分稱為表語，一起常稱“系表結構”。
存在系動詞：be動詞，意為“是...”
表象系動詞：appear/look/seem 看起來
變化系動詞：get/go/grow/turn/become 變得
持續系動詞：keep/remain 仍然
感官系動詞：feel/sound/taste/smell 摸起來/聽上去/嘗起來/聞起來
-ing as predicative
Observe and Analyze
1.動詞-ing形式作表語，①多表示一般性的或習慣性的動作，一般說明主語的內容，可與主語互換位置。
The crucial thing is using body language appropriately.
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
動詞-ing形式作表語
-ing as predicative
It’s amazing how much we understand just by watching people’s gestures and expressions.
The news is very exciting.
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
2.一些表示狀態、品質、情緒的動詞-ing形式可作表語，②具有形容詞的性質，說明主語的性質、特征等。如：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising等，這類分詞有“令人……的”的含義。
-ing as predicative
動詞-ing形式作表語
現在分詞
用于說明主語的性質、特征等
動名詞
構成動賓結構
既具有 的性質和特征，又具有 的性質和特征。
主表互換 。
用于說明主語的 。
相當于一個形容詞，意為“令人......的”
表示 性、 性的動作
具體內容
動詞
名詞
抽象
習慣
意義不變
Summary
The argument is _________ (convince).
One of his bad habits is _________(smoke) while having dinner.
The movie we saw last night was so _________(move) that I was ________ (move) to tears.
Her hobby is _________(collect) postcards and stamps.
smoking
moving
moved
collecting
convincing
Practice
1. Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions(P41).
1. Bill's job is _________ sign language.
2. The theme of his presentation is _____________ barriers between groups.
3. By _________, we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”.
teaching
amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess
breaking down
bowing
4. ______________ three kilometers of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes.
5. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang.
Getting through
calling on
object
predicative
predicative
vi.&vt.彎曲;傾斜
subject
object of the verb phrase
Practice
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases below. (P41)
lie challenge consider individual differences maintain consider the whole picture evaluate a patient’s condition
Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be _____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires ____________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor ______________________________. ____________________________________ is also key to reading people’s body language accurately. For example, when ______, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may __________ eye contact even longer than usual.
challenging
considering the whole picture
evaluating a patient’s condition
Considering individual differences
lying
maintain
Practice
Body language is as important as words in communication with other people. The crucial factor is recognize the fact that body language differs in various cultures, but it is also
important to “do in Rome as the Romans do”. For example, show the gesture for “OK” in
many cultures can meaning “money” in Japan or “zero” in France. By contrast, make such a
gesture in Brazil or Germany can being offensive.
Of course, some body language is sharing by all cultures. For instance, waved one's hand
while see your friend off is like to say “Good-bye”, and smile often gets people through
difficult situations.
recognizing
showing
mean
making
be
shared
waving
smiling
seeing
Practice
Read the passage. Underline and correct the mistakes. (P83)
It was an unpopular decision to postpone ______________ (build) the new hospital.
One learns a language by making mistakes and __________ (correct) them.
Though it sounds a bit too expensive, it is worth ______________ (buy).
She is very busy ________ (write) her papers. She is far too busy _________(receive) callers.
Once you are addicted to________ (smoke), you may find it difficult for you to quit.
Something is wrong with the computer and it requires_________________(repair).
I appreciate his _________(devote) himself to the cause of agriculture.
She can’t stand __________ (keep) waiting.
He always imagine ________(find) a wallet on the sidewalk.
The little boy slipped into the classroom without __________ (notice) by the teacher.
Tony Blair had stood fast in ___________(back) the US in its war against terrorism.
Peter is angry about ________________(not invite) to the party.
The black people in the US are opposed to _____________(treat) unfairly.
building
being treated
not being invited
backing
finding
keeping
writing
devoting
repairing/to be repaired
to receive
buying
correcting
being noticed
smoking
Homework
Once there was a talented man whose dream is ___________ (serve) the king. Fortunately, the king let him _____ (live) in his palace because he appreciated the man’s outstanding skills. But the queen disagreed with the decision. So the king allowed his wife ___________ (forbid) the man’s staying there if he made any mistakes.
Though the man knew the queen disliked him, he didn’t mind it at all. He kept ________ (do) his work, enjoyed __________ (work) there, insisted on ___________ (practice), and never gave up _______ (try). His hard work was always __________ (satisfy), and after a whole day’s work, he went to bed and imagined his being liked by the queen. He felt like _______ (live) in this way.
serving
live
to forbid
doing
working
practicing
trying
satisfying
living
語篇活用
Homework
But all his hard work couldn’t protect him from his bad fortune. The queen could not help ________ (get) more tired of him. He knew it, but he refused to admit it. People around suggested he ________ (leave) the palace, and some advised him ___________ (have) a talk with the queen. But he refused angrily.
The queen always considered ________ (kill) him and in this way, he could not avoid death although he devoted all his time to ________ (serve) them. In the end, the queen made up an excuse that his flowers died after the man’s ________ (arrive). As a result, the man did not escape being killed.
getting
leave
to have
killing
serving
arrival
語篇活用
Homework

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