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(共36張PPT)
牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修四課件
Unit 3 Careers and skills
Reading Page 30-33
◆ 內容分析
【What】本板塊的語篇圍繞“工作的意義”這一主題，以雜志文章的形式從三個方面論述了人們工作的原因：除了尋求經濟獨立之外，工作還有助于個人夢想的實現、有利于個人技能的提升并有益于社會整體的發展。文章內容緊扣社會生活，富有時代氣息，啟發我們思考工作的價值，正確理解工作和生活的關系。
【Why】本文通過對人們工作原因的細致分析，旨在幫助我們理解不同職業的重要性，樹立正確的勞動觀念，塑造勤懇敬業的品格，弘揚中華民族的勤勞美德，創造美好生活。
【How】本文的語篇類型為議論文。文章結構嚴謹，條理清晰，邏輯縝密，語言精練。全文為“總—分—總”結構。
文章標題和第一段以一個經典的問題創設情境，引發我們思考，引出本文的論點——謀生不是我們工作的唯一原因，還有其它因素促使我們去工作；第二段到第四段是主體部分，從三個方面分析了我們為什么要工作；最后一段自然歸納出我們工作不僅是為了個人利益，還為了社會福祉。結構層面，第二段到第四段均由段落主題句引領；語言層面，作者運用大量與“工作”相關的主題語境詞匯，如 earn a living,endeavour 等幫助學生感知工作的意義；第四段將社會比作一臺機器，將不同種類的工作比作機器上的齒輪，形象生動地展示了各行各業對社會正常運轉的重要性；邏輯層面，作者巧妙運用多種話語標記語，如使用 for example 用于舉例說明、使用 moreover 用于增加信息等，從而使行文富有邏輯，連貫自然。
◆ 教學目標
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. summarize why people need to work;
2. use discourse markers to express ideas logically;
3. provide an answer to the question of working and living;
4. promote the virtue of hard work.
sum·mar·ize / s m ra z/ ( Bre also -ise)總結；概括；概述
discourse marker(語法)語篇標記；話語標記
dis·course / d sk s/ 語篇；話語;論文；演講
Whether we work to live or live to work is one of the most frequently asked questions. The magazine article below discusses some of the important reasons why we work. Before you read the article, think about the following questions:
What do you think are some of the reasons why we work
I think one of the primary reasons why we work is to earn a living, as it helps cover our financial needs. For some people, however, they might choose to work because they feel passionate about their work. Besides, many may look at the bigger picture and want to work to contribute to society as a whole. 著眼于大局
pri·mary / pra m ri/ 主要的；最重要的；基本的
cover足以支付；夠付 the big picture整個局面；大局
What do you expect from your future career
I expect my future career to provide me with good financial benefits, to arouse passion within me and to benefit our society in some way.
arouse / ra z/ 激起，引起（感情、態度）;使行動起來；激發;喚醒
Work to live, live to work
If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work ”, what would your answer be Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because
we need the salary that enables us to be financially independent. It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed.
not least: especially特別；尤其
labour force ( BrE ) ( NAmE labor force ) （全公司或全國的）勞動力,=workforce
Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work.However, earning a living is by no means the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work.的確可以這么說，我們的教育就是在為自己一生的職業生涯做準備。不過，謀生絕非我們工作的唯一原因——還有其他重要的原因在推動我們走向工作崗位。
gear sth to/towards sth使與…相適應；使適合于
mo·tiv·ate / m t ve t/ 成為…的動機；是…的原因;推動…甘愿苦干；激勵；激發;（就所說的話）給出理由；說明…的原因
it could be argued that 從句 可以這么說，這一點頗有道理
Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved. All of us have had dreams of one kind or another and work often enables us to pursue those dreams. Henry David Thoreau said, “... if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”通過我們所做的工作，我們可以達成目標，實現夢想。我們所有人都曾心懷這樣或那樣的夢想，而工作常常能讓我們追尋那些夢想。亨利 戴維 梭羅說過：“……一個人若能自信地朝他夢想的方向行進，努力過他設想的那種生活，那么他就會在平常的時刻與成功不期而遇。”
Henry David Thoreau / henri de v d θ r / 亨利·戴維·梭羅（美國作家）
Yang Liwei, for example,driven by his passion for flying, became a pilot and then China’s first astronaut in space. Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be,work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of, and consequently, it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction.
例如楊利偉，他懷著對飛翔的酷愛當上了飛行員，然后成為中國第一位飛向太空的宇航員。不論我們有什么愛好，選擇了什么職業，工作都能讓我們有機會從事自己喜歡的事情，因而讓我們獲得極大的成就感和滿足感。
drive激勵；促進；推進；迫使；驅使
lie (in sth)( 思想、特征、問題等 ) 存在；在于
Work can also help develop our skills, thus providing room for personal growth.When we work, we must practise our skills constantly and continuously until we excel in what we do. Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills.工作也能幫助我們提升技能，從而拓展我們的個人成長空間。在工作中，我們需要持續不斷地磨練技術，直至能出色完成所做的工作。瞬息萬變的職場也讓我們必須與時俱進，發展新技能。
con·stant·ly / k nst ntli/始終；一直；重復不斷地
continuously/k n t nju sli/連續不斷地
excel (in/at sth) / k sel/ ( -ll- )擅長；善于；突出
keep up跟上 (變化)
Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. However, it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with the status quo.二十年前，社交技術或能源效率方面的職位甚至還不存在，而且也難以預測二十年后將會出現哪些新職位。然而，可以肯定的是，沒有人能夠承擔得起滿足于現狀的后果。
af·ford / f d/v.[ no passive] (通常與can或could連用，尤用于否定句或疑問句 ) 承擔得起（后果）；買得起；（有時間）做，能做；提供；給予
In order to better adapt ourselves to new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. This
can add to our sense of achievement and our knowledge that we are developing as individuals while we move along our chosen career path.為了讓自己更好地適應新環境，我們必須隨時準備并愿意去掌握新技能。這能夠增強我們的成就感，并且讓我們明白在沿著自己選定的職業道路前進時，我們作為個體正在發展著。
add to 使（數量）增加；使（規模）擴大
know·ledge / n l d / 知曉；知悉；了解
She was impatient in the knowledge that time was limited.她知道時間有限，所以很著急。
△Not only does work benefit us personally, it also contributes to the health of society. At the most basic level, different types of jobs are like gears in a machine.They work to ensure that the machine we call “society” functions properly. In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them. 工作不僅在個人層面上對我們有益，還能促進社會的健康發展。從最基本的層面來看，各種各樣的職業就像一臺機器里的一個個零件。它們的運轉保障著我們稱之為“社會”的這部機器正常運行。在一個成功、穩定且有成效的社會中，所有工作都是同等重要的，沒有高低之分，因此我們不應對任何工作抱有偏見。
health(經濟)運行狀況，(機構)運轉狀況
Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks,receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions. Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others. 無論我們是科學家、律師、醫生、公務員，還是顧問、公司職員、接待員或肉販，大家都各有一份貢獻。而且，有的人選擇走出自己的舒適區，投身為他人謀福利的事業中。
public/civil servant公務員
commit yourself to (doing) sth.使 (自己) 致力于; 使 (自己) 承諾 (與某人的長期關系)
for sb's benefit為幫助某人；為某人的利益
For example, teachers in remote rural areas are devoted to changing the lives of the people with less access to the advantages enjoyed by many others. In this way, we work to advance our communities and bring success to our nation. 比如，偏遠鄉村地區的教師們致力于改變一些人的命運，這些人沒有那么多條件享受許多其他人所能享受的福利。通過這種方式，我們就是在為推動我們的社會進步和民族振興而工作。
ac·cess (to sth) / kses/ 接觸的機會; 接觸的權利;使用權
ad·van·tage / d vɑ nt d / 有利條件；有利因素；優勢
△Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us, something worth remembering is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others. We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole.無論生活將我們帶往何方，無論我們面前有著何種選擇，值得銘記的是當我們的工作做得好時，它不僅會幫助我們謀生，還能幫助自己和他人創造生活。我們應該自豪地意識到辛勤工作對個人和整個社會的福祉都至關重要。
well-being 健康；安樂；康樂
A.Understanding the text Paage 32
A1. Read the magazine article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph.
There are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work besides earning a living.
Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved.
Work can help develop our skills, thus providing room for personal growth.
Work contributes to the health of
society.
Our work helps us make a living as well as make a life for ourselves and for others.
A2. Read the magazine article again carefully and answer the following questions.
1.According to the first paragraph, why do we have to work
2.What helped Yang Liwei become a pilot and later an astronaut
We have to work because we need the salary that enables us to be financially independent.
His passion for flying.
3.What should we do to adapt to a rapidly changing workplace
4.What can we take pride in according to the last paragraph
We must keep up and develop new skills.
We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society.
A3. In pairs, discuss the following questions.
1.How does the author explain the contributions of various jobs to the health of society What is the advantage of this writing technique
The author uses a simile to compare the different types of jobs to gears in a machine. Using this figurative writing technique helps readers easily visualize the importance of each job’s contribution to keeping society functioning.
sim·ile / s m li/ 明喻；明喻的運用
fig·ura·tive / f ɡ r t v/ 比喻的
visu·al·ize/ v u la z/ 使形象化；想象；構思；設想
2.What is your answer to the question of whether to work to live or live to work Give your reasons.
My answer to the question is, “I work to live.” Work will be an important dimension of my life—the one that provides financial security, which allows me to enjoy some other aspects of my life, such as personal relationships, hobbies and entertainment.
di·men·sion /da men n/方面；側面
My answer to the question is, “I live to work.” Work takes up a big part of our lives. It embodies an important purpose in our life, and contributes to the development of
individuals as well as society as a whole.
em·body / m b di/ 具體表現,體現,代表（思想或品質）
3.What qualities do you think model workers should have
I think model workers show love for their country through their great dedication to their work. Their actions inevitably impact others in a positive way. They practise responsibility not only in their jobs, but in society as a whole. They have good self-discipline, and are honest and hard-working.
self-discipline自律能力；自我約束能力
They are selfless, always thinking of others’ needs. Model workers are also passionate about what they do and are proud to work towards the greater good of their society and country.模范工作者也對自己的工作充滿熱情，并為自己的社會和國家的更大利益而自豪。
self·less / selfl s/ 無私的
pas·sion·ate / p n t/ 熱誠的；狂熱的
good用處；好處；益處
work towards 朝著……努力，致力于……
B. Building your language Page 33
B1. The passage below is about some changes that are likely to occur in the future plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
labour passion superior be fond of
attain anticipate prejudice comfort zone
According to recent studies, it seems that the workplace is about to witness massive changes. It (1) ______________
__________ that such changes are likely to include a more
automated workplace. This will result in the loss of certain jobs, especially those involving intense physical (2) ______.
Additionally, to keep up with new technologies, greater emphasis will need to be placed on continuous training,
which will get employees out of their (3) ____________.
be about to do sth即將，行將，正要（做某事）
witness經歷(事件、變化等) automated/ t me t d/自動化的
intense/ n t ns/劇烈的; 極度的
has been/is anticipated
labour
comfort zone
Therefore, progress in the workplace will not necessarily mean being promoted to (4) ________ positions, but rather being moved sideways so that employees’ individual skills can be best used to meet a company’s changing needs.
Besides, more importance will be attached to “soft skills”. Currently, a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”, such as machine operating and software
programming.
move sideways平級調動
soft skills軟技能
superior
However, in the future, employers will look to hire people who are ready and able to learn. As a result, employees will need to (5) ______ excellent soft skills such as communication, cooperation and leadership. Despite
that, any (6) ________ against either of the two skills will not be allowed.
Whether or not we (7) ___________ these changes, we will need to face them.
attain
prejudice
are fond of
We can survive and even succeed in the workplace of the future if we keep our (8) _______ for work, effectively interact with co-workers and sharpen our ability to adapt.
B2. The magazine article uses some job-related vocabulary. Find these words in the article and think of as many fields and jobs as you can.
passion
Fields Jobs
Health care doctor, surgeon, physician,
dentist, nurse, acupuncturist
Entertainment actor, singer, circus performer
Education teacher, tutor, lecturer講師
Science physicist, biologist, chemist
B3. The magazine article uses some discourse markers to express ideas logically. Find them in the article and revise the following sentences using discourse markers.
discourse marker語篇標記；話語標記
Learn this: Discourse markers are words or phrases which help express ideas logically. They show how different ideas are connected: on the whole and in general are used to generalize ideas, moreover and furthermore to add more information, and for example and for instance to give examples.
gen·er·al·ize / d enr la z/ ( Bre also -ise)概括；歸納
Sentences using discourse markers from the text:
Indeed, it could be argued ...
However, earning a living is ...
Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion for flying, ...
..., and consequently, it can give us a great sense of achievement ...
... our skills, thus providing room ...
However, it is certain ...
Moreover, there are people ...
For example, teachers in remote rural areas ...
You show great interest in designing furniture. You do not meet the requirements for the post. We are unable to offer you a job.
On the whole, you show great interest in designing furniture. However, you do not meet the requirements for the post. Therefore, we are unable to offer you a job.
on the whole總的說來；大體上；基本上
as a whole作為一個整體；總體上

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