資源簡介

(共115張PPT)
Period 2 : Learning about Language
Review useful structures
Unit 1 ：Science Fiction
Review the Passive Vioce
learning objectives:
1. learn the form and the function of the passive voice
2. apply the passive voice into the erexcises
3. improve the ability of doing exercises.
被動語態思維導圖
[知識精要]
目錄
Contents
lead in
01
The monster caught our master.
妖怪抓走了我們的師傅。
Our master was caught by the monster.我們的師父被妖怪抓走了。
What kind of voices they are Active voice(主動語態) or Passive voice（被動語態）
The monkey beats BaJie.
悟空打了八戒。
BaJie is beaten by the monkey.
八戒被悟空打了。
指出句中的主謂賓語。
We kept food in the fridge.
We must close the windows and the door.
S
V.
O.
S
V.
O.
Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.
The windows and the door must be closed.
語態用來表示主語與謂語之間的關系。
在主動語態中強調的是執行動作的人或物，即主語是動作的執行者；而在被動語態中強調的是接受動作的人或物，即主語是動作的承受者。
What is passive voice
被動語態概念
02
被動語態的概念
一、什么是語態？
語態是英語動詞的一種表現形式，用來說明___________和___________之間的關系。
二、語態的種類：______________和_________________
三、被動語態的形式：____________________________
You hit me.
I was hit/beaten.
主語
謂語動詞
主動語態
被動語態
be done(動詞的過去分詞)
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (para 1)
… but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. (para 2)
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. (para 3)
… she was being offered sympathy by a robot, … (para 4)
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, … (para 6)
So she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. (para 6)
How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. (para 6)
… , which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (para 7)
被動語態用法：使用情況
02
用法：在下面幾種情況一般使用被動語態
1. 不知道或不必提及動作的執行者
這類被動句的特點是，不用by引出動作的執行者。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷術是由中國傳入歐洲的。
2.強調動作的承受者時
強調動作的承受者，把承受者作為談話的中心時，用被動語態。這類被動句可以用by引出動作的執行者，也可以不用。
Many buildings were destroyed in the big fire.
許多樓房在大火中被燒毀了。
3.出于禮貌或某種原因,避免說出動作的執行者時
You will be contacted. 我們會和你聯系的。
4.公告、通知、新聞報道、報紙標題、科技文章中
Rubbish is strictly prohibited here. 此處嚴禁倒垃圾。(公告)
How to use passive voice correctly
04
不同時態的被動語態
The street is cleaned (clean) by the dustmen every morning.
These book were written (write) in 1969.
Some pine trees will be planted (plant) in the park tomorrow.
A new bridge is being built (（build) over the river now.
All the letters have been posted(post) so far.
2. 一般過去時:
1. 一般現在時: am / is / are + done
3. 一般將來時:
4. 現在進行時:
Structures of passive voice
5. 現在完成時:
was / were + done
will be + done
am / is / are being + done
have / has been + done
The roads were being widened (widen) last week at this time.
She had said that the bridge had been washed (wash) away by the flood.
The baby must be looked (look) after well.
6. 過去進行時:
7. 過去完成時:
8. 含有情態動詞:
was /were being + done
had been + done
must/can/may…+be done
Structures of passive voice
時 態 主動語態 被動語態
1 一般現在時 do/does am/is/are am/is/are+done
2 一般過去時 did/ was/were was/were+done
3 一般將來時 will+V原 will+be+done
4 過去將來時 would+V原 would+be+done
5 現在進行時 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
6 過去進行時 was/were+doing was/were being done
7 現在完成時　 have/has+done have/has been done
8 過去完成時 had+done had+been+done
9 含情態動詞 情態動詞+V原 情態動詞+be+done
不同時態下的被動語態
現以及物動詞tell為例，列表如下：
時態 被動語態的構成
一般式 一般現在時
一般過去時
一般將來時
過去將來時
進行式 現在進行時
過去進行時
完成式 現在完成時
過去完成時
am/is/are told
was/were told
will be told
should/would be told
am/is/are being told
was/were being told
have/has been told
had been told
各個時態的被動語態構成：
Structures of passive voice
一般時 進行時 完成時
現在時
過去時
將來時
am / is / are done
am / is / are being done
was / were done
shall / will be done
was / were being done
had been done
shall / will
have been done
has / have been done
Summarize the structuress of the passive voice
Tips
判斷主語是動作執行者還是動作承受者；
判斷語句中的時態(tense)；
注意過去分詞拼寫正確；
注意主謂一致（判斷主語的單復數）。
　用所給動詞的適當形式填空P10
①The Xi’an City Wall 　was built　 （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
②It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 　is considered　 （consider） healthy.
③Everyone’s pay 　will be increased　 （increase） next year by 5%.
④It is the first time that the actress’s performance 　has been recognised　 （recognise） by the director.
⑤I have to go to work by taxi because my car 　is being repaired　 （repair） at the garage.
was built　
is considered　
will be increased　
has been recognised　
is being repaired　
Practice
The street is cleaned by the dustmen every morning.
These book were written in 1969.
Some pine trees will be planted in the park tomorrow.
A new bridge is being built over the river now.
All the letters have been posted.
The roads were being widened last week.
She had said that the bridge had been washed away by the flood.
The baby must be looked after well.
1. That play_______________ (put) on again sometime next month.
2. The book ________________ (print) now and will come out soon.
3. Planes, cars and trains _____________ (use ) by business
people for travelling.
4. A beautiful horse ______________(draw) by John the other day.
5. The old man is ill. He _________________(must send)to hospital at once.
用所給動詞的正確時態和語態完成句子
will be put
are used
was drawn
is being printed
must be sent
6. He said the work ________________(finish) in a week.
7. The Children’s Palace ____________________(build) last month. I’m not sure if it is completed.
8. She looked at the lanterns that ___________________(light) by her father.
9. The drawing _______________________(complete) by the end of
this week.
would be finished
was being built
had been lighted
will have been completed
05
主動語態變被動語態的特殊變化
2. 特殊結構的被動形式
(1) 雙賓動詞的被動結構
雙賓動詞變為被動結構時，一般將主動結構中的間接賓語變為被動結構中的主語，直接賓語不變。如將主動結構中的直接賓語變為被動結構中的主語，間接賓語之前則應加介詞to或for。
eg He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
(2) 帶復合賓語的動詞的被動結構
帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態時，一般將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語為主語補足語)。
eg His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
2. 特殊結構的被動形式
(1) 雙賓動詞的被動結構
雙賓動詞變為被動結構時，一般將主動結構中的間接賓語變為被動結構中的主語，直接賓語不變。如將主動結構中的直接賓語變為被動結構中的主語，間接賓語之前則應加介詞to或for。
eg He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
(2) 帶復合賓語的動詞的被動結構
帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態時，一般將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語為主語補足語)。
eg His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
(3) 帶情態動詞的被動語態，由“情態動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。
eg The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
(4)“be+過去分詞+不定式”的被動結構
eg He is reported to have broken a world record.
She is said to know three languages.
(5) “it + be +過去分詞+從句”式的被動結構
eg It’s said that she has some supernatural powers.
It’s reported that they have discovered a new star.
常見的結構還有：
It is known that... 眾所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建議
It is believed that... 人們相信
(6) “get+ done”構成被動語態
用來表示狀態或情況, 常考的形式如：
get married 結婚
get engaged 訂婚
get hurt/wounded 受傷
get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(車)軋
(1) 接雙賓語的動詞變被動結構
主動語態： + +
被動語態：①一般將間接賓語變為被動結構中的主語, 直接賓語不變。
② 將直接賓語變為被動結構中的主語, 間接賓語之前則應加介詞to或for。
e.g. He gave her some money.
She was given some money. (間接賓語變為主語)
Some money was given to her. (直接賓語變主語)
動詞
間接賓語（人）
直接賓語( 物)
特殊結構的被動形式
②My uncle gave me a present the other day.P11
→ 　A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.　
→ 　I was given a present the other day by my uncle.　
A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.　
I was given a present the other day by my uncle.　
練習：
(2)有一類接賓語從句的動詞，如say ,expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know, 其被動語態有兩種變法:
①it is done+that從句 ②sth/sb is done to do
e.g. People say that he has broken a world record.
It is said that he has broken a world record.
He is said to have broken a world record.
練習： We expect that our team will win the game.
It is expected that our team will win the game.
Our team is expected to win the game.
“it + be +過去分詞+從句”式的被動結構
e.g. It’s said that she has some supernatural powers.
It’s reported that they have discovered a new star.
常見的結構還有：
It is known that... 眾所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建議
It is believed that... 人們相信
(3) 帶復合賓語的動詞的被動結構
帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態時，一般將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語為主語補足語)。
eg His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
(注）： 在“make/see/hear/watch/notice + sb + do”結構中，后面的賓補do為省略to 的不定式，變被動語態時，省略的to要還原。
eg: They made him go there alone.
He was made to go there alone.
　①We saw a stranger enter the building just now.P11
→ 　A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.　
A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.　
③The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day.
→ 　I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.　
I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.　
練習：
(4) “動詞+介詞/副詞”構成的動詞短語結構（如look after, put on, pay attention to）也可以變被動語態，此時該結構可視為“及物動詞”不可分割，即他們原來所帶的介詞或副詞必須保留。
eg: She often looks after the elderly.
The elderly are often looked after by her.
練習：
④My uncle took good care of me when I was young.P11
→ 　I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.　
I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.　
(5) 帶情態動詞的被動語態，由“情態動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。
e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
The highway should be extended by 200 km to that town.
(6) “get+done”構成被動語態
用來表示狀態或情況, 常考的形式如：
get married 結婚
get engaged 訂婚
get hurt/wounded 受傷
get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(車)軋
06
主動形式表被動意義
主動形式表示被動意義
(1) 有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。
a. 某些連系動詞，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。
eg The food tasted better than it looked.
b. 某些與can’t, won’t 等連用的不及物動詞，如move, lock, shut, open等。
eg It can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
c. 某些可與well, easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read, write, wash 等。
eg My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
(2) 非謂語動詞的某些主動形式表示被動意義
a. 在“be + 形容詞+ 不定式”結構中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
eg The question is difficult to answer.
Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
b. 在be worth doing 和be to blame 結構中，動詞-ing 形式或動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
eg The film is well worth seeing.
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
c. 當want, need, require 表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing 形式的主動形式表示被動意義。
eg The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).
1) 有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。
①. 某些連系動詞，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等后跟形容詞或名詞，構成系表結構，沒有被動。
e.g. The food tasted better than it looked.
②. 某些與can’t, won’t 等連用的不及物動詞，如move, lock, shut, open等。
e.g. It can't move.
The door won't shut.
主動形式表示被動意義
③. 某些動詞如read, write, wash, sell, drive, eat, shut等被用做不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，用主動表被動，主語通常是物。常與well, easily， badly等副詞連用的不及物動詞，
e.g. My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
This kind of book sells well.
2) 非謂語動詞的某些主動形式表示被動意義
①. 在“主+be + 形容詞+ 不定式”結構中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
e.g. The question is difficult to answer.
練習：這個問題很容易解決。
The problem is easy to work out.
②. 在be worth doing 結構中，動詞-ing 形式用主動形式表示被動意義。
e.g. The match is well worth watching.
③. 當want, need, require 表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing 形式的主動形式表示被動意義。
e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning (= wants to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= require to be watered).
③當need ,want,require,（需要）；
deserve（值得）等詞后用動名詞的
主動形式表示被動含義，也可用不定式的被動形式。
The matter needs looking into.
→The matter needs ________________.
need/require/ deserve/want doing
= need/require/ deserve/want to be done
to be looked into
特殊情況：
有些介詞短語作表語,其主動形式含有被動意義,有時介詞短語“be+in/on/under+名詞”含被動意義，可用來代替現在進行時的被動語態。
1. The computer is in use (=is being used)now.
2. These high-tech products are on display
(= are being displayed)these days.
3. The highway is under construction
(=is being constructed).
4. The suggestion is under discussion
(=is being discussed)at the meeting.
主動形式表示被動意義的結構
(1)表示主語的某種屬性特征或功能的動詞
The sign reads as follows.告示如下。
The shirt doesn’t wash well.這件襯衫不好洗。
Her new book is very interesting and sells well.她的新書很有趣很暢銷。
常見的有：，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常與well，easily，smoothly等副詞連用，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。
Junk food___________( taste) delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起來美味但營養不足。
Your idea _________(sound) wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法聽起來很棒但不切實際。
tastes
sounds
(2)系動詞如look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, remain, stay,
continue, become, grow, get, come, go等后接形容詞作表語。
B
No matter what he did to the door，it _______open.
A. didn’t B. wasn’t C. wouldn’t D. hadn’t
不論他怎么對付這個門，它就是打不開。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等動詞常與won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 連用。
B
The policy is partly ___________(blame)for causing the worst unemployment
in Europe.
(5)在 be to blame 結構中，動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
(4)當 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”時，在或worth等形容詞的后面其賓語可用動詞 -ing 形式的主動形式表示被動意義。
The carpet really wants_______________(clean)
The film is well worth____________(see).
cleaning /to be cleaned.
seeing
to blame
(6)在某些“主語(人/物)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結構中
例：The question is difficult to answer.
The problem is difficult to work______
在“be + 形容詞+ 不定式”結構中，不定式表示的動詞與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。
常見形容詞有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
out.
The patient got ________(treat) once a week.
那位病人一周接受一次治療
過馬路時要小心，否則你可能會被汽車撞到。
Be careful when you cross the road, or you may get hit by a car.
“get＋過去分詞”也可以表示被動，此結構比較口語化。
treated
主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況：
(1)連系動詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，seem，appear，prove等)后接表語時，一般用主動形式表示被動意義。
The idea sounds great.
這個主意聽起來棒極了。
The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious.
他們做的爆米花看起來棒極了，吃起來也很美味。
(2)當wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
這種布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父親給我作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。
(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主動形式表示被動意義。
His hair needs cutting.
→His hair needs to be cut.
他的頭發需要剪了。
(4)be worth doing=be worthy to be done主動形式表示被動意義。
The novel is worth reading again.
→The novel is worthy to be read again.
這部小說值得再讀一次。
　用所給動詞的適當形式填空P11
①His books 　sell　 （sell） well， so they will be sold out soon.
②This cheese 　doesn’t cut　 （not cut） easily.It’s too soft.
③These small trees need 　taking/to be taken　 （take） good care of.
sell　
doesn’t cut　
taking/to be taken　
不定式的被動
07
不定式用主動表被動的幾種特殊形式
①不定式to let(出租)、 to blame（受責備）用作表語時
The house is to let.此屋出租。
Nobody was to blame for the accident.
這次事故，不能責怪任何人。
②在“too ... to ...”和enough to結構中
The box was too heavy to lift.
箱子太重，提不起來。
Is the river deep enough to swim in
這條河里的水深足夠游泳嗎？
在“be+形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義
The passive voice--special usage
These classic works may be difficult _______________ (understand).
to understand
常見形容詞有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
在too… to…結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。
The passive voice--special usage
The question is too difficult for us ___________ (answer).
The article is too long for the students _______________ (translate).
to answer
to translate
The box is too heavy for the little boy __________ (carry).
to carry
在there be句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。
The passive voice--special usage
There is a lot of homework for us ______ (do) tonight.
There are some books on the desk _________ (lend) to the students.
to do
There are still many problems _____________ (solve) to improve the living environment.
to be lent
to be solved
在be to do結構中的一些不定式通常用來表被動；如：rent, blame, let等。
The passive voice--special usage
The policy is partly _________ (blame) for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
to blame
Who is to blame for your ignorance when you are old
動詞不定式的被動語態
1.I am very happy to be thus praised.
受到如此褒獎我非常高興。
The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library.
這些雜志不允許帶出圖書館。
The room seems to have been broken into.
似乎有人闖進過這個房間。
I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University.
我很自豪已被北京大學錄取。
總
結
<<<
動詞不定式的被動語態由“to＋be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，當動詞不定式所表示的動作與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系時，要用動詞不定式的被動式。動詞不定式的被動式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。
動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的情況
(1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中
Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare.
會議結束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。
There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad.
每天有那么多家庭作業要做，這幾乎讓我發瘋。
(2)動詞不定式跟在性質形容詞(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系時(構成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do)
Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with.
我們校長看起來很難接近，但實際上他很容易相處。
(3)“疑問詞＋to do”結構
With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first.
手上有那么多的書，湯姆不知道先讀哪一本。
08
不能用被動的情況
①不及物動詞（短語）不能用于被動語態。常見的有happen, last, rise, occur, break out, take place, come true, consist of, lose heart, belong to等短語動詞。
eg: The war broke out in 1941.
The sports meeting will take place next Monday.
②系動詞也不能用于被動語態，常見的有look, seem, appear, feel, taste, remain, stay, become, grow, go等
eg: This kind of materail feels smooth.
不能用于被動語態的情況
2.不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.
昨晚這條路上發生了一起意外事故，五個人遇難。
上周那個地區發生了一場大火。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.
常見的有：happen/take place/occur發生；remain剩下；break out爆發；last持續；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。
3.某些及物動詞和動詞短語無被動語態
獅子和老虎屬于貓科。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
常見的有： have有；cost花費；lack 缺少；suit 適合；belong to 屬于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……組成；take part in參加。
1. 某些及物動詞和動詞短語無被動語態： have有；cost花費；lack 缺少；suit 適合；belong to 屬于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由…組成；take part in參加。
I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop，which cost 15 yuan. 我從新華書店買了一本書，花了15元。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.獅子和老虎屬于貓科。
2. 不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。常見的有：happen/take place/occur發生；remain剩下；break out爆發；last持續；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.昨晚這條路上發生了一起意外事故，五個人遇難。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.上周那個地區發生了一場大火。
不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.
昨晚這條路上發生了一起意外事故，五個人遇難。
上周那個地區發生了一場大火。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.
常見的有：
happen/take place/occur發生； remain剩下；
break out爆發； last持續；
come up被提出； lose heart失去信心；
run out用完 come out出
某些及物動詞和動詞短語無被動語態
獅子和老虎屬于貓科。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
常見的有：
have有； cost花費； lack 缺少；
suit 適合； belong to 屬于； suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；
consist of 由……組成； take part in參加
【即學即用】
The way we read need ______________ (change).
Many classic works are worth ______________ (read).
These classic works may be difficult ______________ (understand).
These classic works may even be too expensive for us ______________ (buy).
But there is no time ______________ (lose).
Who is ______________ (blame) for your ignorance when you are old
to buy
reading
to understand
changing
to lose
to blame
This list of factors needs ____________________ (adapt) depending on the decision you’re making.
If a thing is worthy of ___________ (do), it is worth
_______ (do) well.
This book ________ (read) more easily than the others, so it ______ (sell)well.
My sister bought a kind of cloth. This kind of cloth _______ (feel) very soft.
reads
sells
feels
adapting / to be adapted
being done
doing
They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.
With a lot of problems _________ (solve), the newly- elected president will have a hard time.
We have four reading passages ___________ (complete) in the coming holiday.
My legs just weren’t made__________ (run) like his.
When I passed by, a man ___________ (see) enter the office.
to care
to solve
to complete
to run
was seen to
Actually, the garden, as well as the trees around it, _____________ (belong) to a man living across the street.
In the past few years, great changes____________ (take) place in my hometown.
Our class __________ ( consist) of 23 girls and 29 boys.
I think it is your husband who is ___________ (blame) for the spoiled child.
It __________ (prove) that the method is safe and reliable by practice.
belongs
have taken
to blame
consists
proves
09
被動語態VS系表結構
注意區別被動語態與系表結構：
被動語態強調動作，主語是該動作的承受者；
系表結構強調狀態，說明主語的特點或所處的狀態。
① The long novel was written by Mr. Lu Xun in the 1920s.
② The long novel is well written, isn’t it
③ The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.
④ Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it
被動語態
被動語態
系表結構
系表結構
被動語態和過去分詞作表語
1.意義差別
The window is broken.
窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
被動語態強調動作；過去分詞作表語描寫人或事物的特征及狀態。
2.用法差別
He was very interested in science.(系表結構)
他對科學非常有興趣。
I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被動語態)
我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。
過去分詞作表語時接近形容詞的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾；而被動語態不能用so，very，too修飾，需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。
練習
10
選用括號內合適的內容完成下面句子或對話。
1. Letters ________________ (are sent, will be sent) by the postman at 8 every day.
2. This bag ________________ (was found, found) on the bus yesterday.
3. The dress ________________ (doesn’t wash, can’t be washed) in hot water.
4. This tower __________________ (has not been rebuilt, has not rebuilt) since the 1930’s.
are sent
was found
can’t be washed
has not been rebuilt
5. The machine ________________ (was being tested, tested) just when the manager came.
6. The new plan ________________ (will announce, will be announced) in two days.
7. Look! Your car ________________ (is being lifted, is lifting) off the ground.
was being tested
will be announced
is being lifted
8. When I stopped, my car ________________ (hit, was hit) from behind.
9. —What were we doing at 11 o’clock
—We ____________________ (were being interviewed, were interviewing) by a reporter.
was hit
were being interviewed
用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空
1) The West Lake in Hangzhou ___________(visit) by lots of visitors every year.
2) Visitors ____________(request) not to take photos of the works in the museum, but some people won’t listen.
3) The organisation ____________(found) in 1968 and one of its goals is to protect wild animals.
4) In the last experiment, 200 university students ____________(ask) to spend 24 hours without social media.
5) It’s said that a long bridge ___________(build) over the river next year.
is visited
are requested
was founded
were asked
will be built
6) A large number of paintings from Europe _______________(exhibit) for the first time in the National Museum at present.
7) Up to now, a big sum of money _______________ (raise) for those patients.
8) His country _______________(invite) to take part in the event, so he, as well as other athletes, was chosen to get training.
9) A lot of things _____________(do) by people to save the little girl now.
10) The award ______________(give) to the winners of the contest tomorrow morning.
are being exhibited
has been raised
had been invited
are being done
will be given
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
2.The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
3.The median(中間值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and (expect) to increase to 42 by 2050.
4.They are living with their parents because their own house ___________
(decorate).
was built
達標檢測
felt
is expected
is being
decorated
5.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ___________________
(employ) only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
6.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth (praise).
7.Jones got the idea after he had talked with a saleswoman who ________
(cheat) of her money.
have been employed
praising
had been
cheated
8.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run) out.We must take action immediately.
9.After he took over the company，he decided to have more workers for the project so that it won’t (delay).
10.In her speech，the chairwoman stresses that no problem here is difficult (work) out，if we think carefully enough.
are running
be delayed
to work
用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。
1. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. (2023年全國卷I)
2. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2023年全國甲卷)
3. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遺產) while constantly growing. (2023年全國甲卷)
to be lifted
be employed
was amazed
4. The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (資產) for future generations”. (2022年全國卷I)
5. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. (2021 年全國甲卷)
6. The little home ____________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. (2021年6月浙江卷)
is designed
was built
was painted
7. The parts of a museum open to the public __________ (call) galleries or rooms. (2020年全國卷I)
8. Readers ______________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. (2020年全國卷II)
9. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it mean we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct)”. (2020年新高考全國卷I)
are called
are encouraged
is constructed
高考鏈接
The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (2020 全國III卷)
And, as more children were born, more food ___________ (need). (2020 浙江)
My washing machine _________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津)
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018 北京)
be chosen
was needed
is being repaired
had been trapped
（2022·全國I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (資產) for future generations”
句意：在三年的試驗期后，GPNP將在明年被正式建立起來。GPNP旨在體現“保護自然生態系統的真實性和完整性，維護生物多樣性，保護生態緩沖區，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產”的指導原則。分析句子可知，設空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關系；敘述客觀事實，應用一般現在時。故design應用一般現在時的被動語態結構，主語為單數形式，謂語也要用第三人稱單數形式。故填is designed。
is designed
（2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
（2023·天津）The wooden tower that ________________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.
（2021·天津）Currently, about 35,000 works _______________ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
（2021全國甲卷）It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復).
is regarded
is being restored
are being displayed
was built
along with連接的三個動名詞做主語，謂語動詞就遠原則
It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday.
We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it __________________ (decorate).
Look! The police (search) the woods now and surely the thief (catch) very soon.
A fund (set up) for homeless children in three days.
The sports meeting that the students are looking forward to __________________________ (hold) the day after tomorrow.
was being repaired
are searching
will be caught
will be set up
will be held/is going to be held
was being decorated
（2020·全國III卷）The artist was sure he would __________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
In the past twenty years, a lot of ancient buildings ___________________ (destroy).
Up till now, no news _____________ (hear) of the missing people in the flood.
So far, all the homeless people _____________ (give) food and shelter.
be chosen
have been destroyed
has been heard
have been given
More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
This song ________________ (teach) on the radio many times, so now I can sing it very well.
In the last few years, a lot of teaching equipment __________________ (produce) in the factory.
have been collected
has been taught
has been produced
More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
This song ________________ (teach) on the radio many times, so now I can sing it very well.
In the last few years, a lot of teaching equipment __________________ (produce) in the factory.
have been collected
has been taught
has been produced
I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
John had to let his car repaired in a garage because it __________________ (damage) seriously.
When they came out of the mall, they discovered that their new car ________________ (steal).
（2021·天津）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he _______________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
had been carried
had been damaged
had been stolen
had been offered
Over 2,000 words ________________ (learn) by the students by the end of last term.
had been learned
Two reports _______________ (write) by Henry before he left the office.
had been written
過去完成時常和以下時間短語連用：
by/before/by the end of + 過去時間
…earlier/before (多少時間前)
long before (很久以前; 老早; 早就)
一個句子有兩個過去動作時, 先發生的動作用過去完成時, 后發生的動作用一般過去時。
It is the first time that I (invite) to attend such a meeting.
It was the first time that my daughter _____________ (ask) to sing in public and she was a bit nervous.
had been invited
had been asked
固定句型。“這是某人第…次做某事”
It is the first/second time that sb has/have done sth.
It was the first/second time that sb had done sth.
efficient measures must __________ (take) to protect the wild animals from being killed illegally.
It is strongly recommended that the date __________________ (advance) by two days.
The committee urged that a meeting________________ (hold)by the weekend to discuss the problem.
(should) be advanced
(should) be held
be taken
Homework
Finish the exercises on p5 in the book
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
2 Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
undone
was elected
木已成舟。
珍妮特上個月當選為學生會主席。
be added
蛋糕里需要加入兩百克面粉。
4 A 3,000-seat venue ___________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency __________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
has been improved
is allowed
自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。
經濟艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。
will be built
一個擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場地于十一月/將在十一月建成。
7 It is a great honour for me to __________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ___________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Exanimation. He is expected to ____________ to a top university. (admit)
be invited
我很榮幸能被邀請在AI大會上發言。
was being discussed
我進會議室的時候發現正在討論銷售員的薪水。
be admitted
使用轉換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學生考取了630分(總分650)。他有望被一所名校錄取。
3 Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect
Science fiction ___________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ____________________. The Three-Body Problem, ________ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ____________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which _______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _______________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ________________ when you go on reading.
is regarded
explored/ represented
written
was translated
represents
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
be discovered
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
Para 1
is regarded
explored / represented
written
was translated
represents
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and WangMiao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to _______________ when you go on reading.
Para 2
be discovered
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
Thank you !

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