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(共42張PPT)
Unit 1 To-infinitives
MILK
1. What are they doing in the pictures Where
Lead-in
2. If you have a choice, where would you like to eat
For me, I would like to eat at home.
Review
To save time, most people perfer to eat outside.
Their choices to make about food are different.
Practice
1.The flavour of hot pot is enough _______ (heat) up a cold winter evening.
2.The boy makes the meal in a perfect way _________(relax) himself.
3.This is the first time for me__________(eat)Beijing Duck.
4.They had nothing __________(worry).
5.Practice is the only way___________(cook)delicious food.
6.They hurried to the store,only______________(tell) the food has been sold.
to heat
to relax
to be told
to eat
to worry
to cook
一.Definition
動詞不定式 to-infinitive 一詞來自拉丁語“infinitivus ”，含義為“unlimited, indefinite”(不受限制，不確定)。它是指動詞中不帶詞形變化從而不指人稱，數量，時態的一種形式。
I want to eat an apple.
She wants to eat an apple.
They want to eat apples.
I wanted to eat an apple.
數量
時態
1.The definition of to-infinitive
MILK
人稱
二.To-infinitives as subjects
不定式作主語
① To keep smiling is healthy for you.
② It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.
1. 單個不定式作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。
若不定式太長, 往往用it作形式主語, 不定式后置。
動詞不定式作主語
To help others _____(be) our duty.
To talk with her _____ (be) a great pleasure.
is
is
To-infinitive as subjects 動詞不定式作主語
2. 為了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主語，而將動詞不定式短語置于句末。常見的句型有以下四種：
2) It takes/took sb. ＋ some time ＋ to do sth.
It took me an hour to go to school.
1) It ＋ be ＋ 名詞 ＋ to do sth.
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
照顧好老人是我們的責任。
To-infinitive as subjects 動詞不定式作主語
4) It’s ＋ adj. ＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth 該句型的形容詞多為修飾人，例如: careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, stupid, wise等。
It is very kind of you to help us.
你來幫助我們真是太好了。
= You are kind to help us.
3) It ＋ be ＋ adj. ＋ for sb. to do sth. 該句型的形容詞多修飾事物，例 如: difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible等。
It is difficult for us to finish homework in an hour.
我們難以在一小時內完成作業。
①It＋is＋名詞/adj＋to do sth
It is important __________ (build) trust between both.
②It takes /took/will take sb＋some time/money＋to do sth
It will take us three hours _________ (walk) there.
③It＋be＋形容詞＋for/of sb＋to do sth
It’s very kind of you _______ (tell) us what happened yesterday.(adj修飾人)
It is important for children _______ (tell) right from wrong.(adj修飾事/物）
to build
to walk
to tell
to tell
注意：動詞不定式與疑問詞 how, what, when, where, which等連用構成不定式短語，也可作主語。
① How to use the computer is the question．
如何使用計算機是個問題。
② Where to go has not been decided．
去哪兒還沒有定下來。
動詞 -ing形式更接近于名詞，所表示的動作比較抽象，或者是習慣性的；而不定式多表示比較具體的動作，特別是將來的動作。
Painting is his hobby.
繪畫是他的愛好。(抽象)
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成這項任務將要花費很長時間。(具體)
動詞-ing形式和不定式作主語的區別
用動詞-ing形式或不定式作主語時，要注意主語和表語的一致。即當表語是動詞-ing形式時，主語也要用動詞 -ing形式；當表語是不定式時，主語也要用不定式。如：
Seeing is believing.
= To see is to believe.
眼見為實。
_________(see)is to believe.
_________(cook) at home is cheap.
It is important _________(study) hard.
It is difficult for women_________(make)a choice.
Complete the sentences.
subject
To see　
To cook　
to study　
to make　
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①It is difficult for us （finish） the composition in a quarter
of an hour.
② （finish） this job in one day is impossible.
to finish　
To finish　
①___________________________seems impossible.
現在好像不可能存錢。
②It's so nice________________________ ．
聽到你的聲音真高興。
③It's necessary __________________________ when you do not use it.
當你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。
④It was silly__________________________．
我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
⑤____________________ to make a speech here.
能在這兒做演講是我極大的榮幸。
To save money now
to hear your voice
for you to lock the car
of us to believe him
It is my great honour
Applying the rules
用 it 做形式主語改寫下面句子
(1) To speak English well isn't an easy job.
(2) To improve our teaching methods is very important.
(3) To talk with her is a great pleasure.
It isn’t an easy job to speak English.
It is very important to improve our teaching methods.
It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
Practice
三.To-infinitives as predicatives
動詞不定式作表語
動詞不定式作表語，通常說明主語的具體內容。
其主語通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, plan, purpose, task, way ,wish 等表示 意向、打算、計劃的詞。如：
His ambition is __________ (become) an actor.
Her duty is ___________ (look after) the children.
to become
to look after
To be a doctor is my dream.
To-infinitive as predicatives 動詞不定式作表語
（不定式作表語通常可以和主語位置互換）
My dream is to be a doctor.＝
動詞不定式和動名詞做表語都是用于表示主語“是什么”,但動詞不定式做表語強調的是一次性的、具體的、將要發生的動作;動名詞做表語強調的是一般性的、抽象的、經常發生的動作。
特別注意
The man's job is to paint the walls.
這位男士的工作是粉刷這些墻。
The man's job is painting walls.
這位男士的工作是粉刷墻。
(表示經常性的日常工作)
(表示一次性的、具體的、目前要做的事情)
有些系動詞，如 sound、smell、taste、feel、become等，通常不可以接不定式作表語。
F
T
F
特別注意
練習：判斷下列句子正誤
It smells to be delicious.
The book seems available.
The cake tastes to be yummy.
①My task is __________(show) you around our newly built library.
②Her wish is ______________ (become) an engineer.
③The purpose of education is _______________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
④All that he could do was ______________ (comfort) her.
to show
to become
to develop
(to) comfort
Applying the rules
Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. I was eager to try new restaurants. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. I often ate out until last month, when I came across a cooking app. There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from. They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.
在飯點
渴望做
允許某人做
增強
偶然發現
各種各樣的
上傳
詳細的說明
一步步
Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. I hardly eat out any more.
那么
美味的
全身心投入
沸水煮
油煎
牛排
Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. It's healthier too. No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!
Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. I hope that they will like my cooking！
難怪
勝過
幾個
新發現的
Find something in common
1. To eat out was a social activity.
2. It was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
3. His plan is to invite his friends over at the weekend.
4. The first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
at mealtimes
be eager to do
eat out
enhance the relationship with
come across
a variety of
detailed instructions
step by step
give ... a try
throw oneself into
no wonder
invite sb. over/round/around
在用餐時間
渴望做，盼望做
在外就餐
增進與...的關系
偶遇
各種各樣的
詳細說明
逐步地，一步步地
嘗試...,試一試
全身心投入
難怪
邀請某人到家中
B1
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is ...
To prepare home-cooked meals is ...
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
...in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best ...
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.(1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2) _________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Since it takes about an hour(3) ________ (turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4) _________ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours.
Located
to see
to turn
to sit
B2
只要……就
害怕
空中自助
風景
海灣
整個的
風景
不可能
對…感到厭倦
賭注；打賭
日落
位于；建立
The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7) ________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8) __________ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
B2
氣氛
范圍從…到……
1. His dream is ______________________________________.
他的夢想時有一天成為一名偉大的足球運動員
2. My wish is ______________________________ like Einstein.
我的愿望就是成為一個像愛因斯坦一樣的科學家。
3. Her work is _______ (work) in the nursing home everyday.
4. It is necessary for everyone___________________.
每個人都有必要為未來的生活做計劃。
5.It is important for everyone____________________.
學習并掌握一些實用的技能對每個人而言都是很重要的
to make plans for the future.
to work
to be a great football player.
to master some practical skills.
to become a scientist
11. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
12. Your hair needs________ . You’d better have it ________ tomorrow.
A. to be cut; do B. cutting; doing C. to be cut; done D. cutting; to be done
13. ______ in pencil, the letter was difficult________ out.
A. Being written; in making B. Written; to make
C. Having written; to make D. Having been written; making
14. He has no choice but ________ to see him.
A. to go B. go C. going D. goes
15. There was nothing they could do but _______ for a mechanic to arrive.
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waited
Additional Exercise
二、用括號中所給單詞的正確形式補全句子
1. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary_______________(publish) next year.
2. Frankly speaking, I would rather _______________ (give) up the job than______________ (do) something illegal
3. The thief was seen_______________ (break) into the house, and the people called the police.
4. While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefer ___________ (collect) coins.
5. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made_______________ (cry) by his little sister.
to be punished
give
do
to break
to collect
to cry
Additional Exercise
6. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist _______________ (award) the Nobel Prize.
7. Medical teams are reported _______________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.
8. He was the first_______________ (arrive) at the end of the line.
9. The boss forbids his employees _______________ (use) mobile phones during working hours.
10. That is the only way we can imagine ___________ (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
to be awarded
to have been sent
to arrive
to use
to reduce
Additional Exercise
11. ______________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
12. The flu is believed ______________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
13. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________ (breathe).
14. With the work ____________ (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them.
15. This kind of laptops電腦 is easy ____________ (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users.
To be accepted
to be caused
to breathe
to be finished
to operate
Practice 3
單句語法填空
1. (learn) is to be better life.
2. It was kind of you (give) me a helping hand.
3. (climb) up the mountain is easy while to go down the hills is hard.
4. Above all, I have come to understand that
(bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
5. It took years of work (reduce) the individual pollution and clean the water.
To learn
to give
To climb
bringing
to reduce
6. (complte) the task needs time.
7. It is easy me to learn how to drive.
8. It is very kind the young man to say so.
9. Don’t waste time. It’s no good (try) to persuade him.
10. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
11. His ambition is (become) an actor.
12. Officials believe that more than one person may be (blame) for the fire.
To complete
of
for
trying
Knowing
to become
to blame
13. The poor girl appeared so (frighten). She must have seen something
(frighten) on her way home.
14. Please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a cpmplete stop.
15. The manager was (delight) to see so many new products developed after great effort.
16. As you can imagine, if your skin gets
(burn), it can be very serious.
frightened
frightening
seated
delighted
burned/buent
17. It was (surprise) that Tom had chosen her as his partner at the party.
18. The way you raised yesterday to solve the problem proved (be) better.
19. It remains (see) whether Jim is fit enough to play in the final.
20. My deskmate showed no anxiety in face of the competition; she seemed (prepare) for it pretty well.
surprising
to be
to be seen
to have prepared
THANK YOU
MILK

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