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(共18張PPT)
　名詞性從句 (Noun clause)
語法復習
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子，它的功能相當于名詞詞組，它在復合句中可作主語、賓語、表語和同位語，因此名詞性從句又可分為主語從句(subject clause)、賓語從句(object clause)、表語從句(predicative clause)和同位語從句(appositive clause)。
Definition
Many students don’t know what they should do①，but what Xiao Meng wants to do② is earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’burden③.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure whether she will be employed①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college① and which city she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④.
①位于及物動詞或形容詞之后的從句是賓語從句(object clause)。②謂語動詞之前的從句為主語從句(subject clause)。有時該從句可以用it作形式主語。③位于be動詞或系動詞之后的從句是表語從句(predicative clause)。④位于抽象名詞之后，解釋該名詞內容的從句為同位語從句(appositive clause)。
情境導入: Look through the following sentences and judge what clauses they are.
1.名詞性從句的引導詞(conjunction)：
引導詞 功能
that
whether，if
because，as if/though
whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever
who，whom，
what，which，whose
when,where,how, why
從屬連詞
subordinating
conjunction
連接
代詞
relative pronoun
連接
副詞
relative adverb
在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有詞匯意義
在從句中不作任何成分，意為“是否”
在從句中不作任何成分,分別意為“因為”,“好像”
可作主語、賓語、表語或定語
在從句中作狀語
2.Which of the following sentences are right
1).Do you know where will the party be held？
2).Do you know where the party will be held？
3).I often tell others how do I learn English.
4).I often tell others how I learn English.
(×)
(√)
(×)
(√)
Conclusion:名詞性從句的語序是 陳述語序
3.名詞性從句的時態
(1)當主句是現在時態(一般現在時，現在進行時，現在完成時)或將來時時， 從句可根據實際情況使用各種時態。
1) It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase.
2) I know that he has handed in his homework.
3) I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow.
(2)當主句的謂語動詞是過去時的時候，從句若不是一個客觀事實或真理，從句的謂語動詞也用某種過去時態。
1). I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed.
2). What he had done made me surprised.
3). My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
4.what，which，who，whom與whatever，whichever, whoever， whomever 引導名詞性從句的區別
(1)what，which，who，whom指代“已知的”或者“特定的”人或事物，通常有明確的范圍。whatever，whichever, whoever，whomever指代 “任何”人或物，強調 “無論什么/哪個/誰”，強調任意性,沒有明確范圍。whatever相當于anything that，whoever相當于anyone who。
1).What he said was true.
2).You can choose whatever you like.
3).Tell me which book you prefer.
4).Whichever team wins, I’ll be happy.
5).Do you know who broke the window
6).Whoever comes late will be punnished.
(指他所說的話）
(不限定范圍，任意選擇）
(從特定幾本書中選擇）
(不限定具體隊伍）
(指代某個特定的人）
(不限定具體是誰）
anything that
Anyone that
5.同位語從句位于表示概念或思維的抽象名詞之后，對該抽象名詞起解釋說明。
常見的抽象名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。同位語從句通常用以下連詞引導：that, whether, how, when, where, why.
1).At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the universe.
2).The question whether he will come remains unanswered.
3).I have no idea where he went.
6.同位語從句和定語從句的區別
同位語從句是用于解釋說明前面抽象名詞的具體內容的，而定語從句是對作先行詞的名詞或代詞的限定、描述或修飾的。that在同位語從句中只是連接主從句，沒有任何意義，不在從句中充當句子成分，不可以省略；that在定語從句中是關系代詞，不但連接主從句，而且指代被修飾的名詞或代詞(即先行詞)，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。
① The idea that money brings happiness is not always true.
② The idea that he put forward at the meeting is very reasonable.
③ The suggestion that benefited everyone was put forward by Tom.
④ The suggestion that we leave early was accepted.
that引導同位語從句，不能省略
that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略
that引導定語從句,作主語,不可以省略
that引導同位語從句，不可以省略
7.why與because 引導表語從句的區別
1). why與because 引導表語從句時，前者強調結果，后者強調原因。
① I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school.
② I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold.
③ Millions of people from across the country embark on the journey home before
the Spring Festival.That is _______ the Chinese cherish family and the strong
bonds among family members.
④ The Chinese cherish family and the strong bonds among family members.
That is ____ millions of people from across the country embark on the journey
home before the Spring Festival.
2).當句子的主語為the reason時,表語從句用that引導,表示原因,此時不用because。
① The reason why I didn’t attend school was that I had a cold.
② The reason why millions of people...the Spring Festival is that the Chinese
cherish family and the strong bonds among family members.
because
why
名詞性從句
從句結構完整
從句結構不完整
①從句意義完整用 that
②從句表 “是否”用 whether/if
③表語從句如果表原因用because,表結果用why;當主語時reason 時，表語從句用that；表語從句表“好像”，用as if/though
④從句意義不完整，用連接副詞when, where, how, why做狀語
缺主語 ：用連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),
who(ever)
缺賓語或表語 ：用連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),
who(ever),whom(ever)
缺定語 ：用連接代詞whose,which,what
Conclusion: How to choose conjunctions
1.People wonder Qizai is brown，given that his mother is black and white.Scientists guess that it’s due to some genetic mutation(基因突變).
2.Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and _______drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.
3.They interacted with students from five classrooms across China and showed viewers they live and work inside the space station.
4.The reason why he was late was he was caught in a traffic jam.
5.He expressed his hope he would visit China again.
6.I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to or not the milk was hot.
why
what
how
that
whether
that
Fill in the following blanks using proper conjunctions.
7. __ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
8.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.
9.Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
10.You have to know __ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
11.She asked me __ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.
What
how
whoever
where
whether/if
一、what引導的名詞性從句
1.令我驚訝的是，我爸爸允許我按照我的意愿使用這筆錢。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
你說的話給了我很大的鼓勵，激發了我寫作的動力。
What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement，which inspired my motivation for writing.
What surprised me was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.
What seems like a small act of kindness makes much difference to others.
2.看似小小的善舉卻能給他人帶來巨大的影響。(主語從句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Translate the following sentences.
二、同位語從句放在開頭實力開篇
1. 沒有人能否認在線學習正變得越來越流行這一事實。(同位語從句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我相信這樣的活動對于促進跨文化理解和欣賞至關重要，我很高興有機會分享自己的技能和經驗，作為這項努力的一部分。
I hold the belief that such events are crucial for promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation，and I am thrilled to have the opportunity to share my own skills and experience as part of this effort.
No one can deny the fact that online learning is becoming more and more popular.
三、表語從句之前的連詞要考慮周全
1. 很抱歉，我不能按計劃和你出去。原因是我弟弟前幾天摔斷了腿，我必須照顧他。(表語從句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我們必須采取措施來保護海洋的原因是它的污染正變得越來越嚴重。
The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
I’m sorry that I can’t go out with you as planned.The reason is that my younger brother broke his leg the other day and I must look after him.
四. That/This is because/why...
1. 這個展覽非常精彩，展示了中國文化的魅力。這就是為什么我想推薦我的同學們也來參加這個藝術展。（表語從句）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
他們更容易沉迷于網上聊天或玩游戲，那是因為他們缺乏自律。
They’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.That’s because they lack self-discipline.
The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.This is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art show as well.
I recommend that you (should) choose the Listening and Speaking course，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot.
五、注意名詞性從句與虛擬語氣的結合
1. 我建議你選擇聽說課程，因為這門課程完全是用中文教授的，這會對你有很大的好處。(賓語從句）
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相反，我建議我們應該實行一個讓學生能根據自己的語言能力和個人喜好選擇自己同伴的制度。
Instead，I suggest that we (should) implement a system where students can choose their own partners based on their language abilities and personal preferences.
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