資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共28張PPT)
定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)解析
A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures
英漢定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)比
This is the cat.
這就是那只貓
This is the cat that killed the rat.
這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake。
*這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的貓。
這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
*這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
*這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.
這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老 鼠偷吃了放在屋里 的蛋糕。 屋子是杰克蓋的。
英漢定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ) 右開(kāi)放結(jié)構(gòu)
漢語(yǔ) 在封閉結(jié)構(gòu)
Transaltion of Restrictive Attributive Clauses
限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯法
1. Combination合并法
在句式較短的情況下，譯成“……的”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例1. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污染是我們必須解決的一個(gè)迫切間題。
例2. July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
七八月是天氣很熱的月份。
In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間里，不能有一點(diǎn)灰塵。
Mr. Taylor, who had been silent before, spoke out suddenly.
剛才一直沉默不語(yǔ)的泰勒先生突然開(kāi)口了。
Practice
2. Division 分譯法
化整為零，分別翻譯，獨(dú)立成句。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)可用此法。
例：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)埋想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，在過(guò)去，許多中國(guó)人為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自已的生命。
Practice
This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生將培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。
3. Mixture混合法
打破原文的定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，譯者根據(jù)自己的理解，譯出原文的意思。
例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。
例2.There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
某些金屬既能導(dǎo)電，又能被磁化。
Translation of Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯法
1. Division分譯法
1) Translating into Compound Sentences by Repeating the Antecedents
例：This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生將被培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。
2) Translating into Compound Sentences by Omitting the Antecedents
例1：After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。
例2：This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.
這種儀表稱(chēng)為萬(wàn)用表，用來(lái)測(cè)量電流。
2. Combination
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
整天躲在云層里的太陽(yáng) ，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面 了。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant. but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜歡熱情洋溢的妹妹 ，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。
3) Translating into Independent Sentences
One time there was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實(shí)為我平生所僅見(jiàn)。這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。
Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.
不過(guò)，問(wèn)題還是圓滿地解決了。這說(shuō)明計(jì)算很準(zhǔn)確。
Translation of Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials
兼有狀語(yǔ)功能的定語(yǔ)從句
英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句——尤其是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句——有時(shí)兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的職能，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果等等關(guān)系。
在翻譯的時(shí)候，應(yīng)盡量從英語(yǔ)句子的意義上發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系, 然后翻譯成漢語(yǔ)中相對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)。
1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes. can see clearly in the night.
我們知道, 由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹煤芮宄?br/>You must grasp the concept of "work“ which is very important in physics.
你必須掌握“功”的概念，因?yàn)樗谖锢韺W(xué)中很重要。
2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)具一格，很有魄力，因此他們都很喜歡，
Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.
銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛地用來(lái)傳輸電力。
3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他堅(jiān)持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無(wú)此需要。
The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.
那位科學(xué)家雖己筋疲力盡，但還是繼續(xù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition
Men become desperate for work, any work，which will help them to keep alive their families.
人們拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能維持一家人的生活就行。
A body that contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element.
物質(zhì)如果包含的原子性質(zhì)都相同，則稱(chēng)之為元素。
5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Purpose
They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.
他們?cè)谶@里建了一所學(xué)院，以培養(yǎng)科技人才。
I’ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.
我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞典，以便把科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)譯得更準(zhǔn)確。
Assignment
E-C Translation
1. The claim should have been filed against the sellers who failed to deliver the goods of the specifications as stipulated in the contract. (譯成原因狀語(yǔ)從句)
2. In any event or accident that may result in loss or damage, the insured should give the insurance company’s agent an immediate notice applying for survey.
3. They are going to cover their requirements in a third country, where the prices are more competitive than those offered by you.
4. Any dispute that may arise shall be settled amicably through negotiation without resorting to law.
5. The seller must provide at his own expense the packing, which is necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
Thank You!

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