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(共15張PPT)
定語從句
定語從句：
項目 具體
定義 用來修飾___________________________的從句。
先行詞 _________________________叫先行詞。通常位于定語從句__________。
關系詞 _________________________叫關系詞。既起連接作用，又充當從句中的一個成分。
結構 先行詞+定語從句（關系詞+定語從句剩余部分）
作用 起_________的作用（故也被稱為形容詞性從句）
分類 限制性定語從句（沒有逗號），非限制性定語從句（有逗號）。
名詞/代詞/名詞性短語
被定語從句修飾的詞
之前
引導定語從句的詞
形容詞
The girl is a famous dancer who lives next door.
先行詞
關系詞
限制性與非限制性定語從句的區別：
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
作用 修飾限定（只可修飾先行詞） 補充說明/修飾限定先行詞或主句
形式 無逗號與主句隔開 有逗號與主句隔開
意義 去掉后，句意不完整 去掉后，句意仍完整
關系詞 作賓語時可省略(that/which/who/whom) 作賓語時不可省略
可用that 不能用that
可用why 只能用for which ，不能用why
譯法 先譯定語從句，后譯先行詞，常譯為“...的....” 可譯為形容詞，也可譯為并列句
分類 關系詞-9個 先行詞 在定從中充當成分 備注
關系代詞 (6個) who 人 主、賓、表 　
whom 人 賓 先行詞為人，且關系詞前有介詞時也用whom：
She is the person from whom I learn a lot.
which 物 主、賓、表 　
that 人/物 主、賓、表 　
whose 人/物 定語 （所屬關系，譯為“......的”） whose + 名詞
= the + 名詞 + of which/whom
= of which/whom + the + 名詞
as 人/物 主、賓、表 固定搭配：
主要用于搭配such、so、the same、as…as…等，修飾先行詞
關系副詞 （3個） why reason 原因狀語 when (=for which）
when 時間名詞 時間狀語 when (=介+which）
where 地點名詞
（具體/抽象地點） 地點狀語 where (=介+which）
先行詞是case, point , situation , condition, occasion , scene , race , story ,job, activity, work, activity, stage, position, system, site, chapter, sport, game, family, planet, atmosphere, environment, platform, process, context, letter等抽象地點名詞，且在句中作狀語時
特殊情況 that / in which /省略 way (“以.......的方式”) 　 I like the way ( that / in which ) she smiles.
限制性定語從句-關系詞
先行詞為名詞、代詞、名詞性短語
occasion作“場合”，常用where引導；作“時刻，機會”，常用when引導
分類 關系詞-7個 先行詞 在定從中充當成分 備注
關系代詞 （5個） who 人 主、表 　
whom 人 賓 先行詞為人，且關系詞前有介詞時也用whom：
She is the person from whom I learn a lot.
which 物/整句/句子的一部分 主、賓、表 只能放主句后　
whose 人/物 定語 （所屬關系，譯為“......的”） whose + 名詞
= the + 名詞 + of which/whom
= of which/whom + the + 名詞
as 人/物/整個句子 主、賓、表 譯為“正如，就像”，可放句子的前中后，固定搭配：
常與know, remember, say, see, hear, think, happen, report, expect, show, imagine, point out, announce等詞或這些詞的被動語態連用，as is often the case(這是常有的事)
關系副詞 （2個） when 時間名詞 時間狀語 when (=介+which）
where 地點名詞
（具體/抽象地點） 地點狀語 where (=介+which）
先行詞是case, point , situation , condition, occasion , scene , race , story, job, activity, work, activity, stage, position, system, site, chapter, sport, game, family, planet, atmosphere, environment, platform, process, context, letter等抽象地點名詞，且在句中作狀語時
非限制性定語從句-關系詞
先行詞為名詞、代詞、名詞性短語和句子
occasion作“場合”，常用where引導；作“時刻，機會”，常用when引導
“非限定”使用說明書
1.從句中所有的關系詞都______省略
2.從句不能用___________引導
3.在“非限定”中,指人的關系代詞作賓語時，________________,不能用who替換，也不能省略。
4. 從句置于句首時，不能用 _______ 引導；而用 ____引導 (as可放主句前、中，也可放主句后)
不可
that/why
只能用賓格whom
which
as
Conclusion
定語從句-特殊用法
一、只用that, 不用which
先行詞是特指時，只用that。
① 先行詞為everything, something, anything, nothing, all, much, any, little, few, the one, none等不定代詞或先行詞被all, any, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時，只用that。
Is there anything that I can do for you
② 先行詞被絕對形容詞（the only, the very, the last等）修飾時，只用that。
This is the very book that I am looking for these days. (這正是我最近幾天在找的那本書)
She is the only person that knows the truth.
③ 先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾或先行詞本身為序數詞或最高級時，只用that。
This is the best hotpot that I have ever had.
不定、序數和最高，有人有物怕重復，只用that不用which，遇事不決選that.
that
定語從句-特殊用法
一、只用that, 不用which
2. 先行詞有人也有物時，只用that。
They talked about things and persons that impressed them.
3. 主句是以who/which開頭的疑問句時，只用that。
Who is the girl that is singing （正在唱歌的女孩是誰？）。
4. 特定句型。
① 在there be句型，只用that。
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.（角落里有一個座位還是空的）
② 先行詞同時在主句中作表語時，優先使用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.（上海不再是過去的上海）
that
不定、序數和最高，有人有物怕重復，只用that不用which，遇事不決選that.
定語從句-特殊用法
二、只用which, 不用that
非限制定語從句中，先行詞指物/句子，只用which。
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.（那個鉛筆盒，我上周買的，現在不見了）
2. 在“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只用which。
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
（我們過去常在下面休息的那棵樹已砍掉了）
3. 當先行詞為代詞that或被that修飾時，只用which。
I don't take that which is too expensive.（我不要太貴的那一個）
4.當先行詞為代詞those或被those修飾時，只用which 。
Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
(店主想要保留一些銷量最好的商品)
The apples are those which I bought yesterday. (那些蘋果是我昨天買的)
which
定語從句-特殊用法
三、that和which交替使用
當句中有≥2個定語從句時，交替使用that和which以避免重復。
He built a factory which produced things that caused pollution.
（他建了一家生產污染物的工廠）
which/that交替
3.再看引導詞在從句中充當什么成分
①先從句中缺不缺主要成分（主賓表）
②如不缺①再看缺不缺定語
③以上都不缺，按why-when-where順序判斷缺哪個關系副詞
2.先看 先行詞
定語從句-解題思維
1.先看有沒有逗號
1. The picture always reminds me of the moments (that/which) we spent together in the high school.
2. The thought of going back home was all that kept him happy while he was working abroad.
3. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
4. My grandpa, as is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days.
5. China is the birthplace of kites, from which kite-flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
6. They will run an after-class club where kids can have fun and learn how to protect themselves.
定語從句-練習
7. The good news is that this stormy period when teenagers cannot see eye to eye with parents on anything will not last.
8. This is the very dictionary that is of great help.
9. Who is the man that you were talking to
10. A library is a place where we can borrow books.
11. When travelling, we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration, which attracts me very much.
12. At night, there is no one in the street to whom you can turn for help.
13. Mensa is a society for bright people, and it aims to create a platform where many thinkers can provide the chance to share their thoughts and ideas.
14. I will never forget the days (that/which) we spent on that beautiful island together.
15. There are species living in the depths of the oceans about which we still know little.
定語從句-練習
16. In a word, books are the source of knowledge, from which we benefit a lot.
17. They are now in a better position where they can be very successful this year.
18. Is this the factory (that/which) many workers are working hard in
19. There are two parks less than 10 minutes’walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play.
20. It is a family of 8 children, all of whom have got PhD in chemistry.
21. Every weekend, hundreds of bookworms crowd around Liyuan Library in Jiaojiehe village, a book sanctuary (圣地) surrounded by chestnut, walnut and peach trees whose branches are used to decorate the building.
22. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material that/which helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.
23. You should make it a rule to leave things at a place where you can find them again.
定語從句-練習
Thank you

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