資源簡介

(共26張PPT)
定語從句
目錄
01
考點梳理
02
關系代詞用法
03
關系副詞用法
04
特殊用法
06
高考鏈接
考點梳理
定語從句：在復合句中用來限制、描繪或說明主句中某一名詞或代詞而起定語作用的從句叫作定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞。
例：The building which stands near the river is our school.
先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。先行詞可以是人、物，也可以是整個句子或者句子的一部分，先行詞一般位于定語從句之前。
例：The house whose windows face south belongs to him.
She received an invitation from her boss, which is a surprise.
關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫作關系詞。按照關系詞在定語從句中所作的成分，可將關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞。
例：The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
This is the reason why he left in a hurry.
概念
1.2 定語從句的分類
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種：
限制性定語從句
例如：最后，大多數(shù)的客戶都想要那些看上去既漂亮又有趣的繪畫。
Finally, most clients wanted paintings taht were beautiful and interesting to look at.
非限制性定語從句
例如：星期六，我去了博物館的藝術(shù)展，藝術(shù)展展出了許多具有代表性的畫作。
On Saturday, I went to an art show at the museum,which exhibited many representative paintings.
關系詞用法
定語從句的關系詞
關系詞 關系詞 先行詞 充當?shù)某煞?br/>關系代詞 that 指人、物 主語、賓語、表語
which 指物、句子 主語、賓語、表語
who 指人 主語、賓語、表語
whom 指人 賓語
whose 指人、物 定語
as 指人、物或句子 主語、賓語、表語
關系副詞 when 表示時間的名詞 時間狀語
where 表示地點的名詞 地點狀語
why 表示原因的名詞 原因狀語
定語從句的用法
1. The first thing ( that ) you should do is call the police at once.
2. This is the most delicious food ( that ) I have ever eaten.
3. Tell me everthing ( that ) you know.
4. Sometimes we should ignore the person and things ( that ) upset us.
5. Which of the books ( that ) you bought is the most useful for my
writing
6. The last place ( that ) we visisted was the Great Wall.
7. My father and his teacher talked of things and persons ( taht ) they
remembered in the school.
8. That is the only thing ( taht ) we can do know.
關系代詞that的特殊用法
當先行詞為物時，在以下情況下，定語從句的連詞只能用that而不用which：
1. 當先行詞為：all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything, something等不定代詞時；或者被 all, every, any, no, little, much 修飾時
2. 當先行詞為形容詞最高級或者先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
3. 先行詞為序數(shù)詞或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時
4. 先行詞被 the only, the very, the last 等修飾時
5. 先行詞既有人又有物時
6. 第一個定語從句中已經(jīng)使用過 which 時
1. Here is the car about ( which ) I told you.
2. I have lost my pen, ( which ) I like very much.
3. The clock is that ( which ) tells the time.
4. Football, ( which ) is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.
5. That ( which ) you told him is what we want to know.
6. This is the house in ( which ) Mo Yan once lived.
7. He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and ( which ) could help him to kill time.
當引導非限制性定語從句時
例：She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
關系代詞前有介詞時
例：Is this the car for which you paid a high price
當有兩個并列的定語從句時，其中前一個從句的關系代詞用that，后一個宜用which。
例：Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was
newly open to us.
4. 當先行詞本身是that時
只用which不用that引導定語從句的情況
who
who指代人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語，作賓語時可省略，但介詞提到關系代詞前，不能用who。在限制性定語從句中who可用that代替，作賓語時可與whom替換。
例：I discussed it with my brother, who is a lawyer.（非限制性定語從句中作主語）
This is the man (who/whom/that) you want to see.（作賓語，可替換為whom/that或省略）
whom
whom指代人，在定語從句中作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可用who或that代替。介詞提到關系代詞前，從句只能用“介詞+whom”引導。
例：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.（非限制性定語從句中作賓語）
He is the man (whom/who) I saw yesterday.（作賓語）
This is the great writer to whom our teacher referred.（作介詞賓語）
whose
whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。當從句中含有與先行詞有所屬關系的詞的時候，我們就用whose引導定語從句，相當于of whom或of which。
例：I like those books whose topics are about history.（whose指代物）
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.（whose指代人）
當引導非限制性定語從句時；
例：My grandmother, who is 70, has just passed her driving test.
先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如one, ones, anyone, everyone, everybody, someone等；
例：Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
先行詞為those且指人時。
例：No words can express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue
survivors in the earthquake.
只用who不用that引導定語從句的情況
關系副詞用法
關系副詞when, where, why用法
關系副詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句
when time, day, year, moment等 時間狀語 I will never forget the day when I met her.
where place, house, stage, point, situation, case等 地點狀語 This is the place where I grew up.
why reason 原因狀語 The reason why I came here is to see you.
抽象地點名詞后的where
當先行詞為point, situation, case, stage，occasion，condition，atmosphere等抽象地點名詞時，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，常用關系副詞where引導定語從句。
例如：Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
way后的定語從句
當先行詞way意為“方法，方式”時，定語從句的引導詞可用that、in which或省略關系詞這三種形式。
例如：The way (that/in which) he solved the problem is worth學習。
如果先行詞way后面的定語從句中缺少賓語，則用that/which或省略關系詞。如果定語從句中缺少方式狀語，則用in which或that或省略關系詞。
例：The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks.
當先行詞是time時，若time表示“次數(shù)”，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句，that可以省略；若time作“一段時間”講，應用關系副詞when或at/during+which引導定語從句。
例：This is the first time (that) I have seen such a big frog.
There was a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones and no TV sets.
先行詞occasion作“時機”講時，用關系副詞when；作“場合”講時，用關系副詞where。
例：I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel our trips.
Please describe an occasion where somebody gave you positive suggestions.
注意事項
高考鏈接
1. The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (2024新高考I卷)
參考答案：that/which 句意：玻璃溫室無疑是當代設計的璀璨明珠，坐落于一條追溯古絲綢之路軌跡的盡頭，用于展示來自中國西南部的植物。這些植物從亞洲的原生地被引進，后來定義了英國園藝的豐富多樣性。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“the Silk Route”，且先行詞是物，在從句中作主語。故填that/which。
2. Chinese cultural elements commemorating (紀念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024新高考II卷)
參考答案：who 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“Tang Xianzu”，指人，并在從句中作主語。故填who。
真題鏈接
1. It is celebrated all over the world for its classical garden
( that / which ) have been added to the list of World Heritage Sites.
2. Humble Administrator’s Garden, ( which ) has an area of some
52000 square meters.
3. When people hear the world “rat,”they may think of dirty animals
( that / which ) spread disease.
4. The performance features two young actors as Fang Xuanling and
Du Ruhui, ( who ) were two prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty.
5. He turned his head and saw an Italian young man ( who /that )
quickly walked past him.
6. She is an active girl ( that / who ) loves sports.
7. So come and enjoy everything ( that ) is offered in Peru.
8. This is the room ( whose ) window faces south.
9. This is the boy ( who / whom / that / 不填 ）she has taken care of.
10. This is the student ( whom / that / who / 不填 ）you want to see.
11. I know the woman ( whose ) husband is a worker.
12. The film ( that / which / 不填 ）we saw last night was wonderful.
13. Who is the man ( that ) is reading the newspaper over there
14. Which of the books ( that ) you bought is the most useful for my
writing.
15. The first thing ( that ) you should do is call the police at once.
16. This is the most delicious food ( that ) I have ever eaten.
17. Tell me everything ( that ) you know.
18. Sometimes we should ignore the person and things ( that ) upset
us.
19. That ( which ) you told him is what we want to know.
20. This is the house in ( which ) Mo Yan once lived.
21. Here is the car about ( which ) I told you.
22. He bought a American magazine that could give him so much
Engkish knowledge and ( which ) could help him to kill time.
23. There is a young lady ( who ) is in shock.
24. People ( who ) want to travel abroad should apply for a passort
first.
25. One ( who ) has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.

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