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(共93張PPT)
定 語 從 句
Part one
定語和定語從句
GUESS GAME
1一個女生11一個漂亮的女生11一個漂亮的穿著長裙的女生11一個漂亮的穿著長裙的愛跳舞的女生1一個漂亮的穿著長裙的愛跳舞的女生。一個女生。一個漂亮的女生。一個漂亮的穿著長裙的女生。什么是定語？1定語是修飾_____________的；定語可以_________名詞的范圍。定語翻譯為：______定語可以由哪些成分構成？什么是定語？名詞縮小……的或代詞1美國恐怖故事American Horrible Stories形容詞作定語a beautiful girla little red flowera big face1名詞作定語a lemon treea snow mana sports meeting1介詞短語作定語the birds in the nestMen in blackthe cats on the chairCinderella is a beautiful girl who wears a long dress and loves dancing.
灰姑娘是一個漂亮的穿著長裙的愛跳舞的女生。
定語從句
定語是修飾______________的；定語可以_______名詞的范圍。
名詞或代詞
縮小
定語翻譯為：______
……的
定語可以由：_______、_____、__________、_______等構成。
名詞
形容詞
介詞短語
句子
前置定語
后置定語
何為定語？
何為定語從句？
從句：大句套小句。
定語從句：一個從句跟在名詞或代詞之后，進行修飾和限定。
判斷劃線部分是否為
定語？
1.宅男
2.憤怒的葡萄
3.石頭縫兒里蹦出來的猴子
4.Nobody knows exactly when it began.
5.The policeman, who caught the thief, is his uncle.
圈出以下各句子劃線部分
的定語。
1.What an amazing story.
2.I am looking for something cheap.
3.I will meet you in the café next to the theatre.
4.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.
Part two
關系代詞引導的定語從句
The glass shoes that Cinderella wears looks beautiful.
先行詞
關系詞
定語從句
定語從句=先行詞+關系詞+從句
先行詞：被從句修飾的名詞或代詞。
關系詞：位于先行詞和從句之間，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞常有三個作用：
(1). 連接作用，連接主句和從句；
(2). 指代先行詞；
(3). 在從句中充當成分。
① who指人，作定語從句的主語或賓語.
The girl who dances with prince is Cinderella.
The girl is a Cinderella.
The girl dances with prince .
作主語
可省略
② whom指人，作定語從句的賓語。
There is nobody whom Cinderella can turn to
for help.
There is nobody.
Cinderella can turn to nobody for help.
作賓語
可省略
③ that即可指人也可指物， 可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.
There is nobody (whom / that ) Cinderella can turn to for help.
可省略
作主語
作賓語
The girl who / that dances with prince is Cinderella.
④ which指物，作定語從句的主語或賓語.
The glass shoes (that/which) Cinderella wears looks beautiful.
Cinderella has a pair of glass shoes which/that has many diamonds.
作主語
作賓語
可省略
⑤ whose 作定語從句的定語.
Finally, the prince found the girl whose shoes were lost
Finally, the prince found the girl.
The girl's shoes were lost.
作定語
Cinderella has a pair of shoes whose diamonds are shining.
Cinderella has a pair of shoes.
The diamonds of which are shining.
作定語
關系代詞關系代詞指代先行詞在從句中成分人人物物whothatwhich主，賓主，賓主，賓whomwhose人人物賓定指出關系代詞在定語從句中的成分
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy.
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
主語
賓語
定語
賓語
單項選擇
Exercise
2.Do you know the man_______ Tom saved in the fire
A. whose B. it C. when D. whom
3.People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.
A. who are B. which are C. that is D. who is
1.Tom couldn’t stop thinking about the boy _____ made him a fool in the whole of class.
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
4，Not all children _____ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A, whose B, which C, whom D, who
5，Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat ______ tell you your weight
A, / B, who C, whom D, that
6，On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire______ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A, that B, who C, where D, what
填空
1. Do you know the boy _____________ cut down the tree
2. Do you know the boy___________________ the man is talking to
3. We like the boy _____________ is honest.
who / that
who /whom/ that /省略
who / that
Part three
只用that的特殊情況
1.先行詞是不定代詞 everything, nothing, anything, all, little，much, few, any, the one等
Why are you laughing Do you have
anything that you want to share with us
2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數詞修飾
The second sloth that is
yawning is so cute.
This is the slowest animal I’ve
ever seen.
3. 先行詞被 the only，the very修飾
It is the only pet that I ever raised.
That is the very dog that loves laughing.
4. 先行詞既有人又有物時
They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
5. 句中已有who, which時
只用that,不用which
口訣：只最序不定代
人和物同時在
1.She is the most beautiful girl_____ joined the club.
2.This is the second movie _____ I watched in this month.
3.That is the very man ________ can make the pig smile.
1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things_______ we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man ____________ can do the work.
that
that
that
that/who
Part five
介詞+which/whom引導的定語從句
“prep+關系代詞”
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.
Socialites usually identify their best friend as someone with whom they can share something.
既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句,關系代詞主要有which, whom
①根據先行詞來確定
The farm ____________ we worked ten years ago isn’t what it used to be.
He will never forget the day _________ he failed in the exam.
介詞的選擇原則“一先二動三意義”
on which
on which
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________ school education depends.
This is the house ________ we lived last year.
②根據定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定
on which
in which
Air, ______________ man can’t live, is really important.
The pen _____________he is writing now was bought yesterday.
③根據定語從句所表達的意義來確定
without which
with which
①一般情況下，介詞放在關系代詞which和whom之前，也可放在動詞后。
This is the room in which I lived.
This is the room which I lived in.
介詞的位置
②固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前.常見的這類動詞短語有: look for/after/forward to、take care of、hear from 等.
This is the right place I’m looking for.
The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.
介詞的位置
1. Do you like the book _____ which she spent $10
2. Do you like the book ______which she paid $10
3. Do you like the book ______ which she learned a lot
4. Do you like the book _______ which she often talks
Practice
on
for
from
about
5. The man _____ whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
6. Glasses, ________ which I can’t see clearly, are really important for me.
7. China is a beautiful country, _____ which we are proud.
8. This is the tree ______ which we used to play games.
Practice
to
without
of
under
① the +n. + of +關系代詞
whose= the +n.+ of which (物）/ the+ n. + of+ whom (人）
1. This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.
=This is the teacher ,____________________is a famous doctor.
Prep+關系代詞表所屬
the daughter of whom
2. He lived in the room whose window faces south.
= He lived in the room,______________________ faces south.
the window of which
② 數詞+of+ 關系代詞 （數詞包含基數詞，序數詞，分數，百分數）
We have three foreign teachers, ____________（兩個都） are from Canada.
Prep+關系代詞表所屬
two of whom
③pron. + of + 關系代詞 (代詞有all、both、none、 neither、either、some等）
The old woman has two sons, _____________（兩者都） are teachers.
both of whom
④形容詞最高級+ prep +關系代詞
China has thousands of islands, __________________ is Taiwan Island.
Prep+關系代詞表所屬
the largest of which
It is reported that two schools, both of _______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
He wrote many children’s book, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
Who can give me the reason ____________ he hasn’t turned up yet
which
which
for which
Practice
1. He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
2. He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
3. He has two children, both of ______ being abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
A
C
A
Practice
Part five
關系副詞引導的定語從句
Review
1.He is a man who is dressed in red clothes.
2.He is a man whom I talked with.
3.He lives in a house which is surrounded by water.
4.He eats a fish (which) he caught in the hole for dinner.
5.We can see many photos that are on the wall.
6.Do you like this teacher (that) you are looking at now.
7.There is a beautiful girl whose name is xiao wei.
8.The book whose cover is green is mine.
關系代詞 可指代 從句中的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
人
主語、賓語
人
賓語
物
主語、賓語
人、物
主語、賓語
人、物
定語
This is the place which we visited last summer.
which在從句中所作的成分是：
This is the place where I was born.
where在從句中所作的成分是：
賓語
地點狀語
Conclusion:which,that,who,whom,whose等關系代詞在從句中作_____________________;而when,where,why等關系副詞在從句中作____________________________
主語、賓語、定語
時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語
Comparison
Analyze and Summarize
1. This is the Clawtooth Mountain(爪牙山).
Arlo lives in the Clawtooth Mountain.
This is the Clawtooth Mountain Arlo lives.
This is the Clawtooth Mountain Arlo lives.
先行詞
where
in which
on which
where
2. This is the silo(糧倉)。
Arlo tries to make a mark on the silo.
This is the silo Arlo tries to make a mark.
This is the silo Arlo tries to make a mark.
先行詞
3. The days are gone forever.
Arlo lives happily with its father during those days.
The days Arlo lives happily with its father are gone.
The days Arlo lives happily with its father are gone.
先行詞
when
during which
at which
when
4. Arlo is afraid of the moment.
Arlo needs to feed the chickens at that moment.
Arlo is afraid of the moment he needs to feed the chickens.
Arlo is afraid of the moment he needs to feed the chickens.
先行詞
Note2:關系副詞when引導的定語從句修飾表示_____的名詞，并在定語從句中作______________,相當于“介詞+_______________”。
時間
時間狀語
關系代詞
for which
why
5. That is the reason.
Arlo hates the wild man for that reason.
That is the reason Arlo hates the wild man.
That is the reason Arlo hates the wild man.
先行詞
關系副詞 相當于 被代替的先行詞 在從句中作成分
where
when
why
介詞+which
地點名詞
介詞+which
地點狀語
時間名詞
時間狀語
for+which
reason
原因狀語
Exercises 用關系副詞或者代詞填空
1.The reason_______he didn’t come to class is that he was ill.
2.The reason_______________he told me yesterday is a lie.
3.The story happened on the day_____________was wet and cold.
4.The story happened on the day_______the weather was wet and old.
5.The place______________interests the children most is Disneyland.
6.The place_________ you stayed for three years is now turned to be a park.
why
(that/which)
which/that
when
which/that
where
Attention
1.We have reached a point________a change is needed.
2.He gets into a situation________it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.
where
where
當先行詞是表達抽象地點時的名詞時（如case,state,condition,point,situation等）且關系詞在從句中作地點狀語時，定語從句用____________引導。
where
Part six
非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句的特點
例：Davis wanted to visit Dr Yuan’s new farm, where the seawater rice was grown.
從句和主句用逗號隔開。
形式
意義
從句與先行詞的關系不十分密切，只是對修飾詞作進一步說明，去掉之后并不影響整句意思。
考點一
1. that、why不能用來引導非限制性定語從句。
Our guide, who was a Canadian, was an excellent cook.
These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
考點一
指人
指物
2. which在非限制性定語從句中，既可以指代前面的某個名詞，也可以指代整個句子的內容。
I bought a novel yesterday, which was written by Mark Twin.
One of the boys kept laughing, which made Jane upset.
考點二
指前面名詞
指前面句子
考點三
3. 非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞不能省略。
The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.
考點三
考點四
4. when，where， who， whom引導非限制性定語從句時，用法及差異和他們在限制性定語從句中相同。
This is my hometown where I spent my childhood.
After graduation，I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood.
考點四
1. Lily was always talking about her wealthy husband, ______ of course, made the other ladies unhappy.
解析：在非限制性定語從句中，指代前面整個句子，用關系代詞which。
語法填空
考點追擊
which
2. There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of _____ are girls.
解析：在非限制性定語從句中，指代人，介詞的后面只能用關系代詞whom。
whom
3. He wants to be a scientist, _______ I think is impossible.
解析：在非限制性定語從句中，指代前面整個句子，用關系代詞which。
which
限制性和非限制性定從的區別
區別一
1. 限制性定語從句一般是緊跟先行詞之后，不用逗號隔開；
非限制性定語從句用逗號和主句隔開。
例：This is the city where he used to live.
I returned to my hometown, where I spent my childhood.
形式不同
區別二
Davis wanted to visit the farm where the seawater rice was grown.
戴維斯想參觀種植海水稻的農場。
Davis wanted to visit Dr Yuan’s new farm, where the seawater rice was grown.
戴維斯想參觀袁博士的新農場， 那里種了海水稻。
作用不同
2. 限制性定語從句對被修飾詞有限定的作用，不能去掉，否則句意不完整；
非限制性定語從句對先行詞進行附加說明，去掉也不影響意思完整。
（不能省略，否則句意不完整）
（附加說明，可省略）
區別三
3. 限制性定語從句中先行詞是名詞、代詞或名詞短語；
非限制性定語從句中的先行詞還可以是整個句子。
例：Johnson’ s father bought him a new bike, which made the boy excited for a long time.
先行詞范圍不同
（先行詞為整個句子）
區別四
4. 限制性定語從句的引導詞是所有的關系代詞和關系副詞；
非限制定語從句中不能使用that和why;
另外，前者引導詞可省略，后者不可以省略。
例： The man (whom) you are waiting for has gone home.
The man, whom you are waiting for, has gone home.
引導詞不同
區別五
5. 限制性定語從句常翻譯成“......的+先行詞”；
而非限制定語從句和主句是并列關系，翻譯成“先行詞+定語從句”。
翻譯形式不同
例： Davis wanted to visit the farm where the seawater rice was grown.
Davis wanted to visit Dr. Yuan’s new farm, where the seawater rice was grown.
1. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
解析：非限制性定語從句中缺主語，先行詞是people，所以用關系代詞who引導，不能用that。
語法填空
考點追擊
who
2. The boy thought the earth is bigger than the sun, _____ is not right.
解析：非限制性定語從句中先行詞是整個句子，關系代詞用which。
which
Part seven
非限制性定語從句
難點1
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around which ______ high mountains.
鞏固：
(1)The murder happened in an old building, beside which ______ the city police station.
(2)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to which
______ a nice restaurant ______ we can have Chinese food.
難點1: 定語從句中的主謂一致
are
is
is
where
He had a lot of friends, only a few of _______ invited to his wedding.
He had a lot of friends, only a few of ________ were invited to his wedding.
鞏固：
(1) I finish my homework at 10:30, after _________ I lie down enjoying some music.
(2) George, with ________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a out-spoken boy.
難點2:代詞與定語從句中的關系代詞的區別
them
whom
which
whom
(3) They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, none of ________ carried out in their work.
(4) They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, but none of ________ were carried out in their work.
(5) They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, none of ________ were carried out in their work.
them
them
which
3. The second is connected with the use ______________ the body makes of food.
鞏固：
(1) Why can’t you realize the part _____________
they have played in our life
(2) Thank you for the difficulty ____________
you have had painting the house.
難點3: 固定動賓搭配中的定語從句
(that/which)
(that/which)
(that/which)
David is such a diligent boy ______ all the teachers like.
David is so diligent a boy ______ all the teachers like him.
鞏固：
(1) I find it the same museum ______ I paid a visit to last year.
(2) It was not such a good dinner ______ she had promised us.
難點4: 帶such/so/ as/ the same的定語從句
as
that
that
as

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