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(共31張PPT)
寫作中怎樣使用復雜 結構和高級詞匯
一.復雜結構:
1.使用適當的時態 2.適當的語態
3.使用不定式 4.使用過去分詞
5.使用V.+ing形式 6.使用名詞性從句
7.使用狀語從句 8.使用定語從句
9.使用虛擬語氣
10.使用強調句,倒裝句,感嘆句
11.使用并列句
一）、怎樣運用復雜結構：
1. 改變時態
The bell is ringing now. (一般)
2. 改變語態
People suggest that the conference be put off. (一般)
There goes the bell. (高級)
It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級)
3. 使用不定式
4. 使用過去分詞
He is so kind that he can help me. (一般)
He is so kind as to help me. (高級)
She walked out of the room and many students followed her. (一般)
Followed by many students, she… . (高級)
Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten . (一般)
Once seen, it can … . (高級)
5. 使用v-ing形式
When he arrives please give me an e-mail. (一般)
If the weather permits, I’ll come tomorrow. (一般)
On his arriving/ arrival, please give…. (高級)
Weather permitting, I’ll come tomorrow. (高級)
Now our school has three teachers. They teach 48 pupils. (一般)
Now our School has three teachers, teaching 48 pupils. (高級)
It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up. (一般)
I happened to have met him. (一般)
6. 使用名詞性從句
The fact that he didn’t turn up disappointed everybody. (高級)
It happened that I had met him. (高級)
To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (一般)
What surprised him is that the girl…. (高級)
7. 使用狀語從句
I won’t believe what he says. (一般)
If you come back before six o’clock, you can go out. (一般)
The meal was very nice. We all enjoyed it very much. (一般)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高級)
You can go out on condition that you come back before…. (高級)
The meal was so nice that we all…. (高級)
8. 使用定語從句
The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)
The girl whose composition was well written was spoken highly of. (高級)
I studied Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer at school. (一般)
The subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English…. (高級)
9. 使用虛擬語氣
The ship didn’t sink because there were the efforts of the captain. (一般)
I wasn’t invited to the party, so I didn’t attend it. (一般)
If I had been invited to the party, I would have attended it. (高級)
But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk. (高級)
10. 使用強調句、倒裝句、感嘆句
Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920. (一般)
It was not until 1920 that regular radio…. (高級)
Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort. (高級)
Though I’m weak, I will make the effort. (一般)
How glad we were to see the crops and...! (高級)
We were glad to see the crops and vegetables growing very well. (一般)
11. 使用并列句
If you go through the gate, you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country. (一般)
Go through the gate, and you’ll find…. (高級)
I got up late this morning, otherwise I could have caught the early bus. (高級)
I got up late this morning. I didn’t catch the early bus. (一般)
The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. (高級)
When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (一般)
At the news of her death, he went…. (高級)
She has trouble in pronouncing the word. (高級)
Whose turn is it to be on duty today (高級)
When he heard she had died, he went pale with sorrow. (一般)
She can’t correctly pronounce the word. (一般)
Who will be on duty today (一般)
怎樣運用高級詞匯：
二）、怎樣運用高級詞匯：
As a result, the plan was a failure. (一般)
She went to Australia in order to study music. (一般)
Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. (一般)
The plan turned out to be a failure. (高級)
She went to Australia for the purpose of studying music. (高級)
Thanks to the good weather, our journey…. (高級)
She doesn’t like sports.
She cares nothing for sports.
三）、寫作常見錯誤分析：
1. 句子缺謂語
1) The building like a match box. 2) He told me that all my classmates sitting in the classroom.
1) A worker of the farm lead us to the field.
2) All the students like books that was written by Lu Xun.
2.主謂不一致，尤其是單數第三人稱作主語時，謂語的單復數形式出現錯誤。
3.時態錯誤
4.詞性混用
1) When he came back, he found that his wife has gone to bed.
2) What are you doing this time yesterday
1) She enjoys study English.
2) If anyone against the plan, please let me know.
5.介詞誤用
6.冠詞誤用
1) In my surprise, he has got the first prize.
2) He came here to attend the meeting by a new car.
1) We elected Li Hua the monitor of the Class Five.
2) Once upon a time, there was an one-eyed lion.
3) The history is actually a very interesting subject.
7.名詞的數混淆
8.動詞用法錯誤
Thank you for all the informations.
1) Where are you come from
2) When I arrived Hong Kong, my mother was there waiting for me.
3) He didn’t notice the teacher to come into the classroom.
4) The accident was happened in 1999.
9.習慣用法錯誤
The reason is because he does not know what to do next.
10. 句子之間的邏輯關系不清
誤：It hit the old man down but the driver, a woman, didn’t stop her car.
Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away. The old man and I saw the car’s number. It’s AC864. The old man couldn’t move , I decided to help him.
正：It hit the old man down but the driver, who was a woman, didn’t stop her car. Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away.
Fortunately, I saw the car’s number. It’s AC864. Noticing the old man couldn’t move, I decided to help him.
11.畫蛇添足 、過多的長句使句子復雜化（語言不簡潔）
修改前：
A famous sportsman was giving a speech which was rather interesting.
修改后：
A famous sportsman was giving an interesting speech.
修改前
Nowadays, some people are still cutting down trees without permission. The air pollution is becoming more and more serious which is caused by buses and cars. What’s more, so many rivers are polluted by dirty water which is from factory. In addition, sandstorm struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot.
修改后
Nowadays, some people are still cutting down trees without permission. As a result, people have to suffer sandstorms now and then. What’s more, as buses and cars give off a lot of poisonous gases, the air is getting dirtier and dirtier. Moreover, there are many rivers polluted by dirty water from factories.
The situation is becoming more and more serious.
12.過于簡單的句子使文章缺少邏輯
性，可讀性。
修改前
Yesterday, there was a policeman in the street. He stopped a car. The car was at the corner. It looked like a Honda. There was a boy on the sidewalk. He was riding his bicycle. The bicycle was a two-wheeler. The car nearly knocked down the boy.
修改后
Yesterday, a policeman stopped a car—Honda at the corner of the street, because it nearly knocked down a boy who was riding a two-wheel bicycle on the sidewalk.
2020應用文
一）、自薦信、申請信
開頭： I’m LiHua, a student of senior three, presently attending Tianjin FuXing High School. I’m writing to apply to join this activity.( Hearing \learning that………….. I’ m writing to recommend myself as a volunteer.)(I’ m writing to apply for the post as the volunteer.)
結尾：Please consider my request and I’m looking forward to your early reply.
I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to…….\you could fully take my application into consideration and look forward to your early reply.
I would be grateful if you could give me a favorable consideration of my application and look forward to your early reply.
二）、投訴信：
開頭：I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_____. The details are as follows.
I’m writing this letter to inform you that I’m dissatisfied with your…….
結尾：Your attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
或：I’m writing this letter in the hope that you can consider these problems and make more improvements.
三）、詢問信：
開頭：I’m writing to see if it’s possible for you to provide me with the information concerning……
I am writing to enquire whether you would be willing to……
結尾： Your attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.\Thank you for you kindness, and your
prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
四）、請求信：
開頭：I am writing to formally request to___
________(請求的內容)The reason for_____ is that______(給出原因).
I’m writing to seek assistance in ……
結尾： Your attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
五）、道歉信：
開頭：The purpose of this is to convey to you my sincere apologies for any inconvenience you may have experienced.
I am terribly sorry for ……
I’m writing to apologize for …
I’m writing to say sorry to sb. for …
結尾：I sincerely hope that you will accept my apologies.
I do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you and i will try my best to avoid the same accident happening again.
六）、感謝信
開頭：I’m writing this letter to convey my appreciation \gratitude for your generous help during …… Honestly speaking, but for\without your help I could’t have done…..
Words fail me when I want to express my thanks
結尾：I must thank you again for your generous help.
七）、建議信
開頭：I’m writing to express\put forward my views concerning…...
Since you have asked me for my advice with regard to _______, I am writing to make some conductive suggestions here.
結尾：Your attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me.\feel free to contact me.
八）、邀請信\函
開頭: How is everything with you I am writing to tell you that there will be a ______ (內
容)at/in ______ (地點)on ______ (時間). We would be honored/delighted to have you there with us.
I’m writing to invite you to…
結尾：I will feel privileged \honorable if you could come. \Looking forward to your coming.
九）、答復函
開頭:I’m Li Hua, a student of……. We really appreciate your kindness and consideration to…….. Meanwhile,I am writing, on behalf of my team, to show our eager willingness to get involved in the activity.
結尾： Thanks again for your thoughtfulness which is highly appreciated.

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