資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共23張PPT)
Sentence Elements
句子成分
&
Basic Sentence Patterns
基本句型
Sentence Elements 句子成分
subject (主語(yǔ))
predicate (謂語(yǔ))
object (賓語(yǔ)): direct object（直接賓語(yǔ)）(DO)& indirect object（間接賓語(yǔ)）(IO)
predicative (表語(yǔ))/ subject complement (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
attributive (定語(yǔ))
adverbial (狀語(yǔ))
object complement (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
appositive (同位語(yǔ))
學(xué)習(xí)句子成分有幾點(diǎn)須弄明白
1. 句子的主干部分：主、謂、賓、表；句子的修飾成分：定、狀、補(bǔ)、同位語(yǔ)
2. 句子中某一成分不要只理解為一個(gè)單詞，它可以是以單詞、詞組或句子的形式出現(xiàn)；
3. 分清整體與局部的關(guān)系；要明白XX作XX的(成分)；如：...作...的賓語(yǔ)；
4. 主、賓、表、同表示名詞性質(zhì)；定語(yǔ)表示形容詞性質(zhì)；狀語(yǔ)表副詞性質(zhì)
5. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，短語(yǔ)名詞可當(dāng)成一個(gè)單詞來(lái)看，不必拆分，所以學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)最好以意群或語(yǔ)塊為單位進(jìn)行；
6. 詞性是對(duì)單詞進(jìn)行分類，是一個(gè)單詞的性質(zhì); 成分是對(duì)句子而言, 一個(gè)成分可以是單詞，短語(yǔ)，句子, 是句子中的某一個(gè)意群。
一．主語(yǔ)： 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
劃出句子的主語(yǔ)，并說(shuō)出主語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成：?jiǎn)卧~及詞性/ 短語(yǔ)/ 句子
1. English is widely used all over the world. 名詞做主語(yǔ)
2. We like English very much.
3. They often speak English after class.
4. One third of the students in our class are good at English.
5. To master a foreign language is necessary.
=It is necessary to master a foreign language.
6. To swim in summer is a great pleasure.
=It is a great pleasure to swim in summer.
7. Playing football in the street is dangerous.
8. Learning new words is very useful to me.
9. What he said is true.
10. Why he failed the English exam wasn’t clear.
二．謂語(yǔ)
a. 主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的狀態(tài)。
b. 可以由連系動(dòng)詞(be, become,　smell…), 及物動(dòng)詞(vt,后須帶賓語(yǔ)), 不及物動(dòng)詞(vi,后不直接帶賓語(yǔ)),　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must, may, can…)加動(dòng)詞原形及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)；
c. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)；
d. 不作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞作其它成分。
請(qǐng)劃出句子的謂語(yǔ)
1. He looked a bit excited.
2. They have been here for several days.
3. Li Ming fell ill last week.
4. The foreign guests have already left.
5. They have five English lessons every week.
6. I have not finished my work yet.
7. I must learn to speak English.
8. We are looking forward to hearing from you.
9. We are going to call on him tonight.
10. Tom fell off the bike yesterday and hurt himself.
三．賓語(yǔ)：a. 及物動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)作的對(duì)象；介詞后作介詞賓語(yǔ)。（...作...的賓語(yǔ)）
請(qǐng)劃出句子的賓語(yǔ)，并說(shuō)出...作...的賓語(yǔ)。
1. He is going to buy a dictionary.
2. We are thinking about the plan.
3. We are thinking about the plan.
4. We should respect the old and love the young.
5. I don’t know whether she likes the bag.
6. She is considering studying abroad.
7. I hope to see you soon again.
8. I think it our duty that we should protect the environment.
四．表語(yǔ)：放在連系動(dòng)詞后,表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、狀態(tài)和特征等
請(qǐng)劃出句子的表語(yǔ)。
1. The food smells good/nice.
2. The country music is becoming more and more popular.
3. The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.
4. My wish is to become a scientist.
5. We are against/ for the plan.
6. My idea is that we should stick to our plan.
7. The speech is exciting.
8.His hobby is learning English.
五．定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)限定，修飾名詞或代詞。要注意定語(yǔ)后置的情況(介詞短語(yǔ)/doing;done;to do短語(yǔ)/形容詞修飾不定代詞any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等/形容詞短語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)從句/兩個(gè)形容詞用and 或or連接作定語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明作用時(shí)。（...限定...(名、代)）
請(qǐng)劃出句子的定語(yǔ)，并說(shuō)出限定對(duì)象。
1. Hangzho is a beautiful city
2. More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
3. He is reading something interesting.
4. The bridge built 100 years ago is being repaired.
5. The man in the room below is friendly.
6. You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
7. He is a teacher whom every student likes.
8. I still remember the day when I first met her.
9. People, young or old, are needed in this world.
六．狀語(yǔ): a. 用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子； b. 說(shuō)明時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),條件,原因,目的,結(jié)果,程度,伴隨等情況。
請(qǐng)劃出句子的狀語(yǔ)。
1. Light travels most quickly. He drives his car carefully.
2. He has lived in the city since ten years ago.
3. Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
4. To buy a computer, I need money.
5. I will do what I can to help you.
6. Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask Mary for advice.
7. I must work harder so that I may catch up with him.
8. When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
七．賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ： 有些賓語(yǔ)后須跟賓補(bǔ),否則句子意義不完整,用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或特征。
請(qǐng)劃出句子的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
1. His father named/called him Xiao Ming.
2. We consider Mr. Smith an excellent teacher.
3. They painted the wall white.
4. We find English interesting.
5. We found everything in the room in good order.
6. The teacher encouraged us to work hard at English.
7. We saw him cross the street.
8. We will soon make our city what your city is now.
八．同位語(yǔ)： a. 用來(lái)對(duì)名詞或代詞的進(jìn)一步解釋,可由單詞,短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)充當(dāng); b. 可以理解為：名語(yǔ)A=名詞B, B作為A的同位語(yǔ)。
請(qǐng)劃出句子的同位語(yǔ)。
1. Beijing, the capital of China, is my hometown.
2. The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money.
3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4. I am looking for a job driving cars.
5. The news that they have won the game is true.
6. The question whether we should go on with the work hasn’t been discussed.
7. He gave the order that the work should be started at once.
(1) S+IV
(主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）
(2) S+TV+DO
(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）
(3) S+LV+C
(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）
(4) S+TV+IO+DO
(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）
(5) S+TV+DO+OC
(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）
3. Basic sentence patterns
基本句型
(1) S+IV
subject + intransitive verb (主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）
1. My Dad and I laughed.
2. Time flies.
3. We talked for half an hour.
1--Last night, my Dad and I laughed happily at home because of an interesting story.
1. My Dad and I laughed.
2. Time flies.
3. We talked for half an hour.
Topic:
Father and Son
(2) S+TV+DO
subject + transitive verb+ direct object
(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）
1. We washed my dad's car.
2. My Dad likes to wash his car with me.
3. We spent a happy time together.
1--When my mom came back, we were washing my dad's car in the yard.
1. We washed my dad's car.
2. My Dad likes to wash his car with me.
3. We spent a happy time together.
Topic:
Father and Son
(3) S+LV+C
subject + linking verb+ complement
(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）
1. Watching a football match is my Dad's hobby.
2. Both teams looked strong and energetic.
3. We felt excited.
3--When seeing our favourite team won the football match, we felt really excited.
1. Watching a football match is my Dad's hobby.
2. Both teams looked strong and energetic.
3. We felt excited.
Topic:
Father and Son
(4) S+TV+IO+DO
subject + transitive verb+ indirect object+direct object
(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）
1. My father gave me a present.
2. My father taught me how to ride a bike.
直接賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者
間接賓語(yǔ)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的方向(對(duì)誰(shuí)做)或動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)(為誰(shuí)做)
1. My father gave me a present.
2. My father taught me how to ride a bike.
Topic:
Father and Son
(5) S+TV+DO+OC
subject + transitive verb+ direct object+object complement
(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）
1. My Dad tells me to run every day.
2. We find it interesting to run in the park.
3. We can hear birds singing in the trees.
說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)
1. My Dad tells me to run every day.
2. We find it interesting to run in the park.
3. We can hear birds singing in the trees.
Topic:
Father and Son
S+ LV+C (主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）
S+TV+DO+OC (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）
Sunset from Father and Son
1) “I will show you how to finish my painting.”
1) His friends saw the son hold up a photofame (相框).
2) “My Dad's bald head(光頭) becomes the setting sun.”
3) “ It looks amazing.”
4) “ You really make us happy.” said his friends.
S+ TV+IO+DO (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）
S+ LV+C (主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）
S+TV+DO+OC (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）
說(shuō)出句子句型
S+IV (主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）
S+TV+DO (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）
S+TV+DO (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）
S+ TV+IO+DO (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）
S+ LV+C (主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）
Sunset from Father and Son
5) The father heard the noise.
6) He turned around.
7) The son's friends saw a sun with a mustache.
8) They burst out laughter.
9) “ You offer us a chance to see a great painting.”
10) The son doesn't feel happy at all.
S+TV+DO (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）
說(shuō)出句子句型
讀懂下面段落，并劃出句子成分，說(shuō)出句子類型。
（2025全國(guó)I卷，D篇）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
(25年續(xù)寫)My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire. Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside.
Assignment
嘗試給Unit L1的第一段劃分句子成分，并說(shuō)出句子類型。
Thank you!

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