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(共14張PPT)
主謂一致
所謂“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在語法形式上的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。主謂一致是主語和謂語動詞之間在“人稱”和“數(shù)”方面的一致，主語的單、復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式。
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語法一致、意義一致、就近原則
語法一致原則
主語和謂語在單復數(shù)形式上保持一致，即主語名詞中心詞是復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞即為復數(shù)形式，主語為單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞即為單數(shù)形式。
The boy is playing basketball now.
The boys are playing basketball now.
Either answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
意義一致原則
謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語所表示的單復數(shù)意義，而非其語法形式。
1.名詞詞組中心詞為表示金錢、時間、距離、度量、價格等復數(shù)名詞時，把這些復數(shù)名詞看做一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Seven kilometers is a long walk to me.
One hundren dollars is too much to pay for this shirt.
2. 一些以“-s”結(jié)尾的名詞表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
This news is important for us.
Physics is my favorite subject.
3. 一些集合名詞作主語時表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：clothing、luggage、furniture、equipment、jewelry、machinery等。
My luggage was sent by air.
The equipment of our factory is designed by Chinese.
4. 一些集合名詞形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，即“形單意復”。如：people、police、cattle、poultry等。
More and more people attend open university.
The police have arrested the murderer.
5.不定式、 現(xiàn)在分詞和從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。
To start from now on is never too late.
Reducing the use of plastic bags is good for ecological protection.
6. 一些集合名詞既可表示單數(shù)概念，也可表示復數(shù)概念。如：family, class, audience, public, government等
(1) 當視為整體時表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；
That family is a happy one.
(2) 當視為個體時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
The family are having lunch now.
7. and/both...and...連接兩個主語時，
(1) 表示兩個不同的人或物時，為復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù);
Reading and writing are very important.
(2) 表示同一個人或物時，為單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and writer is my aunt.
8. 復合不定代詞作主語時，視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
There is something wrong with my watch.
Nothing is imposible if you put your heart into it.
9. 有些短語，如: a lot of, most of, any of, half of, some of, none of, the rest of, all of, 百分數(shù)，分數(shù)等后接不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
A lot of money was spent on poverty reduction.
Most of e-books have replaced the printed books.
About three fouths of the surface of the earth is water.
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
1.主語后有with, as well as, together with, along with, like, but, as well as, except, including, rather than, besides等引導的單詞或短語時，謂語的單復數(shù)和前面的主語的單復數(shù)保持一致。
The teacher along with his students is attending the lecture.
The students together with their teacher are going to attend the exam.
就近/就遠原則
2.由not only...but also..., not...but..., neither...nor..., either...or..., or等連接兩個并列主語時，其謂語的單復數(shù)和其靠近的主語的單復數(shù)保持一致。（there be 句式也是如此）
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn’t come.
Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.
Either you or I am to blame.
There is a book and two pens on the desk.
就近/就遠原則
單句語法填空
1.The student, together with his classmates, _______ (go) to the park every Sunday.
2. Either the man or his brothers _____________ (invite) to the party last night.
3. Not only food but also some clothes _____________ (send) to that area so far.
4. It is you, rather than your sister, ______ (be) to blame for the accident.
goes
were invited
have been sent
are
單句語法填空
1.The family _______________ (have) dinner when someone knocked at the door.
2. None of them _________ (be) willing to present themselves on the platform.
3. When to hold a meeting _______________ (decide) already.
4. Listening to music before the exam always _____ (help) you to relax.
were having
are/is
has been decided
helps
單句語法填空
1.Two thirds of the money ______________ (spend) on this project since last year.
2. 參加這個活動的人的數(shù)量是500。
__________________________________________________
3. 四分之三的村民現(xiàn)在生活得很幸福。
_____________________________________________________________________
has been spent
The number of the people taking part in the activity is 500.
Three quarters/Three fourths of the villagers are leading
a happy life now.
選擇正確的答案
1.Look! There ______ (is/are) a bag and some books on the long table.
2.The teacher and writer _____(is/are) talking to the children kindly.
3.A number of runners ____(was/were) very tired after the long journey.
4.The boy as well as his classmates____(play/plays) football on the playground after school.
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