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(共38張PPT)
Unit 4 Grammar and usage
Verd-ed forms 過去分詞
Observe the table below
past participle as attributives
過去分詞做定語
a closed door
a broken window
a polluted river
歸納1：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)過去分詞作定語放于其修飾的名詞之____。
前
Find out the rules
=The player _____ _____ loved by many people is Yao Ming.
The player loved by many people is Yao Ming.
that/who
is
Find out the rules
A lady dressed in white is Zhao Liying .
=The lady________ ____dressed in white is Zhao Liying.
who/that is
歸納2：過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，一般置于其修飾的名詞之____，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_________。
后
定語從句
a. the color TV set produced last year
= the color TV set that was produced last year
b. a letter written to me by my daughter
= a letter that was written to me by my daughter
一封我女兒寫給我的信
去年生產(chǎn)的彩色電視機(jī)
V-ed短語作定語通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。
Find out the rules
1.The suggestion made by experts was adopted by the manager.
2.The meeting, attended by twenty students, was a great success.
3.Excited people are waiting for their hero.
歸納三：
1.過去分詞作定語，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
2.過去分詞作定語也可以用作非限制性定語，前后用_______隔開。
被動(dòng)
完成
逗號(hào)
3.有些過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，表示“感到……的”，通常用來修飾人。 常用的此類詞有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked等。
V-ed有時(shí)還可用作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，前后用逗號(hào)分開。
a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
=The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
去年建的這些房子，昨天被地震摧毀了。
b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
他們當(dāng)中有一些人，生長(zhǎng)在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。
=Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
1.單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語,放在被修飾詞的______。
2.過去分詞短語則放在被修飾詞的______，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
3.過去分詞作定語，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
4.過去分詞作定語也可以用作非限制性定語，前后用_______隔開。
前面
被動(dòng)
完成
逗號(hào)
后面
Conclusion 1
5.有些過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，表示“感到……的”，通常用來修飾人。 常用的此類詞有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked等。
過去分詞（done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（being done)與動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（to be done)作定語的區(qū)別：
done：被動(dòng)、完成
being done: 被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行 “正被”
to be done：被動(dòng)、尚未發(fā)生 “將被”
The building built last year is our classroom building.
The building being built now is our classroom building.
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
Practice 1
1.The house (build) in 1920 has historical significance.
2.The emails (send) yesterday require a response.
3.We have read many novels (write) by this author.
4.The computer (produce) last year is helpful.
5.The problem (discuss) yesterday has something to do with us.
6. The problem (discuss) now has something to do with us.
7.The problem (discuss) tomorrow has something to do with us.
built
sent
written
produced
discussed
being discussed
to be discussed
Practice 1
8. The book ____________________(農(nóng)民寫的書) is very populary.
9. The building ________________（去年建的樓) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
10.The children ______________________________（昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的 孩子） was very difficult to treat.
written by a farmer
built last year
examined at the hospital yesterday
past participle as adverbs
過去分詞做狀語
過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句。可在過去分詞前加上連詞“when, while, until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。
1.過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語
Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．
=When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．當(dāng)從遠(yuǎn)處看時(shí)，這幅畫似乎更美了
② (ask) what had happened, he kept silent.
當(dāng)被問到發(fā)生了什么時(shí)，他保持沉默。
① (see)from the top of the building, our
school looks beautiful.
從樓頂上看，學(xué)校看起來很美。
(When it is)
(When he was)
1. 作時(shí)間狀語
seen
asked
過去分詞作原因狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since, because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。
2.過去分詞作原因狀語
Worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days．
=Because I was worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days．由于擔(dān)心演講比賽，我這幾天感到不安。
② (bite)by the cobra, the man was in danger.
因?yàn)楸谎坨R蛇咬了，這人處在危險(xiǎn)中。
① (destroy) by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found.
由于颶風(fēng)的破壞，那座老房子哪也找不到了。
(As/Because it has been)
(Because he was)
2. 作原因狀語
destroyed
bitten
過去分詞作條件狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
3.過去分詞作條件狀語
Given a few minutes, I’ll finish the task．
=If I am given a few minutes, I’ll finish the task．
再給我?guī)追昼姷臅r(shí)間，我就會(huì)完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。
(punish) by the parents, he won't come again.
(If he is)
他若是被家長(zhǎng)懲罰了，就再也不能來了。
3. 作條件狀語
punished
過去分詞作讓步狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)以though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
4.過去分詞作讓步狀語
Invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．
=Though I was invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．
即使被他邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)參加聚會(huì)。
(Although he was)
雖然他今天很疲倦，他仍然繼續(xù)工作。
4. 作讓步狀語
（tire）today, he went on working.
tired
過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時(shí)，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句，但可用并列分句代替。
5.過去分詞作方式/伴隨狀語
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse．
=The patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse.那個(gè)病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。
② (absorb)in the work, he neglected food and sleep.
他專心于工作，廢寢忘食。
① She walked out of the house, (follow) by her little daughter.
她走出房間，后面跟著她的小女兒。
(and she was)
(He was)
5. 作伴隨或方式狀語
followed
absorbed
and
Conclusion 2
過去分詞（短語）作狀語，表時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、方式或伴隨等情況, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。
1. 作時(shí)間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when, while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
2. 作條件狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
3. 作原因狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as, since或because等引導(dǎo)狀語從句
4. 作讓步狀語 ，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although, though/even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
5. 作方式或伴隨狀語 ，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為and并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3
Practice 2
1.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
用過去分詞作狀語的形式改寫句子
___________________________, the park looks more beautiful.
2. As the children were exhausted and tired, they fell asleep at once,
____________ ,the children fell asleep at once,
3.If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better.
___________________, she would certainly have done much better.
4. He stood there silently and was moved to tears.
He stood there silently, ________________.
Seen from the top of the hill
exhausted and tired
Given more time
moved to tears
past participle as object complements
過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語
V-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動(dòng)或完成的意義。
V-ed與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：
某些及物動(dòng)詞（make等）
+
直接賓語（名詞或代詞）
+
賓語補(bǔ)足語
Everyone calls him
(賓語)
(賓補(bǔ))
(主語)
(謂語)
Tom.
賓語補(bǔ)足語一般放在賓語_________, 對(duì)賓語起____________的作用。
之后
補(bǔ)充說明
What is object complement
I saw her _______ (bite) by a dog.
bitten
過去分詞用在感官動(dòng)詞_______________________________等之后表示__________________________。
see,watch, feel, find,hear, notice
感受到某人或某物被……
Fill in the blanks
歸納一
感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
① When we got to school, we saw the door _____ (lock).
② He found his house ______ (break) into when he got back home.
Practice
locked
broken
I raised my voice to make myself _______. (hear)
heard
have, make, get, keep, leave
“使/ 讓 …”
Fill in the blanks
歸納二
過去分詞用在_________________________等使役動(dòng)詞之后，表示_____________.
使役動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
① You'd better keep the guests _______ (inform) of what happened outside.
② We're having our car ________ (repair).
③ I'm trying to get this article _______ (write) for Thursday.
④ She had to shout to make herself _______ (hear) above the sound of the music.
Practice
informed
repaired
written
heard
With many flowers __________(plant) around
the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
planted
在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用V-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。
Fill in the blanks
歸納三
with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
Practice
① The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ (tie) behind
his back.
② With water _______ (heat), we can see the steam.
③ With the matter _______ (settle), we all went home.
tied
heated
settled
(表方式)
(表?xiàng)l件)
(表原因)
Conclusion 3
1.I saw him bitten by a dog.
2.Jack has his hair cut yesterday.
4.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
這些詞后常接V-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語
感官動(dòng)詞
使役動(dòng)詞
with +賓語＋賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2
Practice 3
Translate sentences by using the past participle as the object complement.
1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包被偷了。
2.我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次
3.我們看見那小偷被警察抓住了
4.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)水被污染了。
5.我們已使我們的觀點(diǎn)被他們知道
I found my wallet stolen.
I heard the song sung a few times.
We saw the thief/stealer caught by the policeman.
People found the water polluted.
We have made our ideas known by them .
Applying the rules
用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Watching the __________ (finishing/finished) painting, Alice couldn't help smiling.
2. Most of the artists __________ (inviting/invited) to the party were from South Africa.
3. Do you still remember the Olympic Games________(held/holding)
in Beijing in 2008
4. The __________ (surprising/surprised) look on her face suggested that she hadn't known the news before.
The stranger spoke in a __________ (frighten) voice.
5. There are many ________ (fallen / falling) leaves on the street.
finished
invited
held
surprised
fallen
frightening
a shocked look
a thrilling/trembling voice
6. Some people never desire the happiness __________ (belong) to others; they always believe they have their own.
7. The professor sat in the front of the hall, ________(prepare) for the lecture.
8. ________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
9. The lady returned home, ________ (follow) by the famous detective Holmes.
10. (see) from the train window, the mountains of Canada looked massive.
(see) from the train window, I found that the mountains of Canada looked massive.
followed
Ordered
preparing
belonging
Seen
Seeing

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