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(共20張PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring literature
Grammar and Usage II
Modal verbs
常見的情態動詞 Modal verbs
4 4 3

Review
Do you like reading What kind of reading do you like
Literature
plays
novels
poems
Great literature is simply language
charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.
— Ezra Pound
偉大的文學只不過是在最大程度上承載意義的語言。 —— 埃茲拉·龐德
charge with承載；指控
to the utmost possible degree在最大可能的程度上
該句出自美國詩人和文學評論家埃茲拉 .龐德 （1885—1972）的《如何閱讀》（How to Read）。這句話說明了文學語言承載著豐富的內涵，閱讀文學作品時我們要認真揣摩和體會。
Literature genre: poetry
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers
and death like autumn leaves.
生如夏花之絢爛，
死如秋葉之靜美。
--Rabindranath Tagore 泰戈爾
Literature genres: drama/ play
Romoe and Juliet
BY William Shakesspeare
“Love is heavy and light, bright and dark, hot and cold, sick and healthy, asleep and awake— its everything except what it is!”
愛是沉重的，也是輕盈的；是明亮的，也是黑暗的；是熾熱的，也是冰冷的；是病態的，也是健康的；是沉睡的，也是清醒的——它擁有一切，除了它本身！ (Act 1, Scene 1)
Literature genres: novel
Game of the Thrones
《權力的游戲》
Harry Potter
《哈利波特》
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
人可以被毀滅，但不能被打敗。
throne [θr n] 寶座; 御座; 王位; 王權;
Literature genres: biography
I want to tightly grip the throat of destiny. It must not let you give in. Life is so beautiful, live it all my life!
我要緊緊扼住命運的喉嚨。它不能讓你屈服。生活如此美好，我要用一生去享受！
Can these books still be seen in the bookstrore
They have a lasting influence on us!
Classics can stand the test of time.
Pre-reading: Welcome to the unit (P43)
Classics can stand the test of time.
Read the excerpts below from two famous works of literature and discuss the following questions.
excerpt[ eks :pt]
n. 摘錄; 引用; 摘要; 節錄;
vt. 摘錄; 摘要; 引用; 節要;
vi. 摘錄; 引用;
Cultural Background
《大衛·科波菲爾》（David Copperfield）是 19 世紀英國現實主義文學代表作家查爾斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens, 1812–1870）創作的長篇小說。作品以第一人稱視角，
通過主人公大衛·科波菲爾從童年屢遭不幸到自學成才，直至成為著名作家的經歷，
描繪了 19 世紀維多利亞時代英國社會的廣闊圖景，展示了當時各個階層的人物形象，反映了作者的生活哲學和道德理想。
表示可能性（推測） may、might
表示義務或建議 should、ought to
表示習慣性動作 will、would、used to
表示意愿 will、would
表示請求 will、would
表示建議或征求意見
表示承諾或要求
表示規定
shall, 疑問句中
shall, 陳述句中
shall, 用于正式文件、法律、規章制度中
復 習 回 顧
：
情態動詞+have done的用法歸納
構成 意義
may/might have done “可能已經做了某事”
“一定做過某事”
“本應該做某事卻沒做”
“本不應該做某事，卻做了”
“本不必做某事, 卻做了”
“過去本來能夠做某事，卻沒做”
“過去不可能做某事”
must have done
should/ought to have done
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done
needn’t have done
could have done
can’t/couldn’t have done
Review
Applying the rules P49
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
a Can I keep the book for more than two weeks
b Nick can read more in an afternoon than I can in a week!
c Can Mary finish War and Peace in a month
a I am afraid I may be unable to finish this novel today.
b It may be difficult for people to agree on what good literature is.
c You may go to the library tomorrow afternoon, if you have time.
√
√
request
ability
ability
possibility
possibility
suggestion
Applying the rules
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
a I must finish writing the book review and hand it in before Wednesday.
b You must be tired after three hours’ reading.
c Students must develop the habit of reading classic literature.
a Henry should be reading books in the library.
b I have fifty dollars—that should be enough for three books.
c Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabulary — you should try it too.
√
√
necessity
possibility
necessity
possibility
possibility
suggestion
B2 Below is an entry in a student’s reading plete the entry with the correct model verbs in brackets.
When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol, I thought, “I (1) (can’t/shouldn’t) read this! It (2) (has to/must) be very boring.” Surprisingly, it turned out the exact opposite. I (3) (could/might) not stop turning the pages!
The book’s main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. He hates all kinds of celebrations. On Christmas eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. In the end, he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes. Then he decides that he (4) (might/must) change himself. On Christmas morning, he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner. He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them.
can’t
must
could
must
B2 Below is an entry in a student’s reading plete the entry with the correct model verbs in brackets.
There is something that (5) (can/must) be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we (6) (should/may) treat others with kindness, generosity and love. I think everyone (7) (would/ought to) read this book.
can
should
ought to
C Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets, using the proper modal verbs. P76
1.— What’s the weather like in your hometown Is it cold in winter
— Yes, it (be) as cold as -30℃ in winter.
2. — I want to invite Tom to see a film tonight. Has he arrived yet
— Yes, he just arrived. But after four hours’ ride, he ______________ (be) tired now and he (prefer) to stay in tonight.
3. — Is Betty still playing the piano
— Yes. I asked her to stop and take a rest, but she______________ (not listen).
can be
must/may/might be
wouldn’t listen
may/might prefer
C Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets, using the proper modal verbs. P76
4.—What does the rule say about using the reading room
— No one (talk) loudly.
5.— Your car looks great. It (cost) you a lot of money.
— Yes, it’s quite expensive.
6.— How long can I keep the book
— The books that students borrow (return) to the library within two weeks.
shall/should talk
must have cost
must/shall be returned
Homework
Finish the additional exercises.

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