資源簡介

(共27張PPT)
XB4U3. Grammar
Review of the infinitive
復習不定式
At the end of the class, you will be able to:
summarize and apply the infinitives in specific context.
reinforce the rules of infinitives through various exercises.
use the infinitive verb correctly and appropriately.
Learning Objectives
不定式的形式
主動形式 被動形式 時間特征
一般式 不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生或在其后發生
eg: I am eager to see you again.
進行式 / 不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發生
eg: They are said to be studying psychology.
完成式 不定式的動作發生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前
eg: He is said to have translated the book into English.
to do
to be done
to have
been done
to be doing
to have done
否定形式：not/never to do
1. I plan (attend) the meeting tomorrow.
2. He seems (think) deeply, without noticing me
overpassing him.
3. She pretended (read) the book when her teacher
asked about it, even though she had only glanced at the cover.
4. The airport_________________(complete) next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
5. He claimed (treat) in the supermarket
when he was doing shopping yesterday.
Exercise
to attend
to be thinking
to have read
to have been badly treated
to be completed
不定式的
句法功能
1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the
people of early civilisations.
2. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea
routes from west to east.
3. Merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade
deals.
4. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
5. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across
the historic Silk Road areas.
主語
賓語補足語
狀語
主語
表語
Read the following sentences and analyze what functions the colored part serves as in each sentence.
6. This will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of
future trade and cultural exchange.
7. There are still many other places left to explore.
8. China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the
Arctic.
9. There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand
climate change and its effects.
10. The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive
China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
賓語
定語
狀語
定語
定語；定語
1.作定語（attribute)
6.作表語(predicative)
2.作狀語(adverbial)
動詞不定式
4.作賓補(object complement)
5.作主語（subject)
3.作賓語（object)
to do
做定語
1. 抽象名詞后（ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision等）
2. 序數詞、形容詞最高級和the last/the only/the next等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后
5. 用在 have … to do 和 there be 中
4. 當定語表示未來的還沒做的動作時
位置:
3. 代詞one和不定代詞后(nothing，something等)
用法:
邏輯主語:
放在被修飾名詞或代詞后面
所修飾的名詞或代詞
目的狀語:
原因狀語:
結果狀語:
sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...(表情緒或心理活動的adj)
to do, in order to do, so as to do （不放句首 ）
1. enough to do，
2. too...to do...，
3. so/such... as to do
4. only/never to do
1. 不定式only to do與doing作結果狀語的區別：
only to do: 意想不到的結果 v-ing: 順理成章的結果
2.“主語 + be + 形容詞 + to do”
不定式的主動形式表被動意義。用于此結構的形容詞
有：easy, difficult, important, nice, pleasant, hard 等；
且不定式和句子的主語是動賓關系。
to do
做狀語
位置：
用法：
較靈活，句首，句中，句末
注意
事項
1. 當主語是方法與建議、目標與計劃、
夢想與愿望、職責的名詞時
2. 以What引導的主語從句
eg: What he wants is to solve the problem.
3. 主語包含定語從句且先行詞為代詞all
或主語被only, first, one, least , 最高級修飾
eg: All he wanted was to be left alone.
位置
功能
用法
注意事項
位于系動詞后
說明或解釋主語的內容
to do和v-ing作表語的區別：
to do: 一次性、具體的 、將要發生的動作
doing: 習慣性、抽象的 、經常發生的動作
eg: The man’s job is painting walls.
Her dream is to be an artist.
to do
做表語
1. 位于句首，在謂語之前。（謂單）
2. It 作形式主語, 真主不定式后置
1. 疑問詞+to do 構成不定式短語，作主語
It takes/costs/requires/ makes sb/sth...to do sth
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
位置:
To err is human.
注意事項
to do
做主語
2. to do和 v-ing作主語的區別：
to do: 一次性、具體的 、將要發生的動作
doing: 習慣性、抽象的 、經常發生的動作
Where to hold the meeting is still unknown.
1. 位于謂語之后。
2. It 作形式賓語, 真賓不定式后置
1. 疑問詞+to do 構成不定式短語，作賓語
主語 + find / think / feel / make / consider / believe +it
+ adj / n + to do sth
位置:
I don’t expect to meet you here.
注意事項
to do
做賓語
2. 熟記 to do和 v-ing作賓語的固搭
Have you decided what to do next
（熟記固搭：常用to do作賓語的動詞 口訣：P創新52）
位于賓語之后。
位置:
to do
做賓補
用法:
1. 命令、教導、要求、意向、允許、警告等意義的動詞后可接動詞不定式作賓語補足語
ask / tell / invite / advise / allow / order / encourage / expect / force / wish / beg sb to do sth
2. 表示意見、認可、判斷、料想、聲明等意義的
動詞后的賓語補足語常是“to be”形式
believe / consider / declare / find / prove / suppose / think sb/sth to be...
1）動詞 + 賓語（sb./sth.) + to do sth.
2）動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式
一感二聽三讓四看半幫助，主動不to 被動to
3）with/without+賓語+賓補
動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式
感官動詞
使役動詞
一感：feel
二聽：hear, listen to
四看：see, notice,
watch, observe
三讓：let, make, have
◆但當以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：
They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
The boy was seen _______ suddenly from the tree.
+ sb do sth
（不帶to）
to fall
半幫助：help
不定式
主動表被動
主動形式表被動意義的不定式 !
01
1.主語＋be + adj.+ to do
能用于此句型的形容詞有：difficult , easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, nice, good, interesting, heavy, dangerous, etc.
★ The question is very easy to answer.
★ The morning air is so good to breathe.
02
03
2. 動詞不定式與疑問代詞連用時
For a period of time，as a young athlete，I didn’t know what to do.
3. be to blame
The driver was to blame for this car accident happening
last night.
04
05
4. too...to... 太...以至于...
The box is too heavy for the little boy to lift.
5. there be 句型
動詞不定式用主動式或被動式均可，一般用主動形式表示被動意義
There is nothing to worry/to be worried about.
不定式的
練習檢測
1.He asked each villager that received the machine _________ (use) it and train an inheritor (繼承者) of the local weaving technique.
(2024·山東煙臺一模)
2.Today in Weifang，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made ________________ (represent) people’s ideals and desires. (2024·湖北5月省考)
3.I feel I have a new mission ____________ (shoulder)，even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty.(2024·山東煙臺二模)
to use
to represent
to shoulder
創新P54
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
4.The ground floor tends ____________ (use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment.(2024·湖南邵陽二模)
5.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans ____________ (continue) the practice.(2022·浙江1月卷)
6.A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an，as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路線) by foot.(2022·全國甲卷)
7.Mary’s sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over ____________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.(2021·浙江6月卷)
to be used
to continue
to journey
to plant
8.He convinced the police department __________ (allow) him ____________ (set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.(天津7月卷)
9.They are said _________________ (study) psychology now.
10.The snow seemed ___________________ (blow) from the top of the mountain.
to allow
to set
to be studying
to have been blown
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King, The ocean is too deep ___________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _______ (see) the most unique flowers and plants __________ (dance) in the fast-moving water. In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _________ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _____________ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest.
Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next
to measure
to see
dancing
formed
to have been
教材P29 E3
Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The most common way for the princesses ________ (play) all day long is _________________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish ____________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem _________________ (not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who ..
to play
to swim/swimming
swimming
not to worry

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