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(共45張PPT)
閱讀理解專項(xiàng)
傳統(tǒng)閱讀
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what’s the solution (解決方案) The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
2018年全國(guó)I卷D篇
對(duì)號(hào)入座
1.為什么是C,D篇？
2.考試的時(shí)候，不就幾百字嗎！我讀！
3.擺爛了，單詞量根本不夠
4.越讀越狂躁，講的什么啊？？
5.這句話說(shuō)的啥來(lái)著？
6.剛剛在說(shuō)A,怎么變成B來(lái)著了？
題型分類
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題 2.主旨大意題
3.推斷題 4.猜詞題
題型特點(diǎn)——細(xì)節(jié)理解
細(xì)節(jié)理解
閱讀題干，定位原文，比較答案
坑
1.問(wèn)張三，答李四（李四沒(méi)錯(cuò)）
2.不尊重文章原文,NM(not mention)
3.不要自我猜測(cè)
（文）：他不胖 （問(wèn)）：他怎么樣？
A:他很瘦
B：他經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)
C： 他經(jīng)常吃蔬菜
D：他擁有健康的作息
√
題型特點(diǎn)——主旨大意
主旨大意
“串線法”，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首尾段！
坑
文章主題過(guò)于細(xì)節(jié)，
不夠上升到文章主旨
70. What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The influence of social media on children.
B．The importance of social media to children.
C．The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D．The measure to reduce risks from social media.
（2018年全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（江蘇卷））
√
題型特點(diǎn)——推斷題
推斷題
1.隱含含義推斷
2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類推斷
3.寫(xiě)作意圖推斷（偽主旨題）
坑
1.對(duì)原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)
2.主觀臆斷
3.偷換概念（重點(diǎn)關(guān)注代詞it等）
解題技巧
1.重點(diǎn)關(guān)注題干定位的上下文！
2.情感
+：help，agree，hopefully， appreciation，confident，favorable ，enthusiastic，outstanding等
-：disagree，against，skeptical，negative，depressed等
題型特點(diǎn)——詞義猜測(cè)題
詞義猜測(cè)題
1.根據(jù)例子猜測(cè)
2.根據(jù)并列，因果，相反關(guān)系猜測(cè)
3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法
坑
1.與文中詞義差不多的詞
2.長(zhǎng)相類似的詞請(qǐng)警惕
解題技巧
1.重點(diǎn)關(guān)注題干定位的上下文！
2.選項(xiàng)比對(duì)
3.帶入復(fù)讀文章
1.Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.
A.干凈的 B.白皙的 C.骯臟的 D.整齊的
√
閱讀策略與方法
02
閱讀方法：不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞也能做對(duì)？
根據(jù)高頻詞推斷文章可能的中心思想
1.社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀（社會(huì)）
2.人與自然和諧發(fā)展
3.科技推動(dòng)人人類生活
4.改善人類身心健康
step2
看題干和選項(xiàng)
1.找重復(fù)出現(xiàn)至少兩次以上的詞
2.跨題目出現(xiàn)
step1
step3
圍繞猜測(cè)的中心思想預(yù)判答案
切記：請(qǐng)勿直接填涂答題卡
首尾段認(rèn)真讀
遇到主旨請(qǐng)“串線”
題文同序原則
忠于原文！！！
step4
真題同練
1.What does the author think of new devices（裝置） A.They are environment-friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly.
2. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research A．To reduce the cost of minerals. B．To test the life cycle of a product.C．To update consumers on new technology. D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
真題同練
3.Which of the following uses the least energy
A．The box-set TV.
B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV.
D．The desktop computer.
4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices
A．Stop using them.
B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them.
D．Recycle them.
找到關(guān)鍵詞了嗎？對(duì)主題有想法了嗎？
devices ，人與科技
略讀文章，大致了解重點(diǎn)
1We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. 2To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
略讀文章，大致了解重點(diǎn)
3As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
4So what's the solution (解決方案) The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
你對(duì)這篇文章大致有什么理解了？
設(shè)備？
環(huán)境？
問(wèn)題？
new/old
解決辦法？
1.文章重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首尾段
2.每一段段落第一句重點(diǎn)讀！
3.連起來(lái)即為“串線法’
devices ，人與科技
沒(méi)有頭緒——重讀首段（作者觀點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)處）
略讀文章，大致了解重點(diǎn)
1We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn（舊的） technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad （-—）news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
1.舊設(shè)備過(guò)時(shí)了，仍在繼續(xù)用
2.對(duì)環(huán)境不好
3.舊設(shè)備能量消耗過(guò)多
讀完了！
來(lái)做題！
秒殺！
1.What does the author think of new devices（裝置） A.They are environment-friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
1.舊設(shè)備過(guò)時(shí)了，仍在繼續(xù)用
2.對(duì)環(huán)境不好
3.舊設(shè)備能量消耗過(guò)多
A.對(duì)環(huán)境好 +
B.不如舊的 -
C.花更多錢(qián) -
D.過(guò)時(shí)特快 -
√
感情傾向做題！
秒殺！
2. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
1.舊設(shè)備過(guò)時(shí)了，仍在繼續(xù)用
2.對(duì)環(huán)境不好
3.舊設(shè)備能量消耗過(guò)多
A.減少礦物消耗
B.測(cè)試產(chǎn)品壽命
C.“更新”消費(fèi)者新科技
D.找出設(shè)備電力消耗
√
1.與原文聯(lián)系大 2.符合大主題方向
秒殺！
3.Which of the following uses the least energy
A．The box-set TV. B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.
1.舊設(shè)備過(guò)時(shí)了，仍在繼續(xù)用
2.對(duì)環(huán)境不好
3.舊設(shè)備能量消耗過(guò)多
A.盒式電視機(jī) B.平板
C.液晶電視 D.臺(tái)式電腦
√
1.與原文聯(lián)系大 2.符合大主題方向
秒殺！
4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart. C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.
1.舊設(shè)備過(guò)時(shí)了，仍在繼續(xù)用
2.對(duì)環(huán)境不好
3.舊設(shè)備能量消耗過(guò)多
A.不用了！ B.給拆叻！
C.要升級(jí)！ D.要回收！
√
切忌主觀帶入！！！
秒殺！
4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart. C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.
1.舊設(shè)備過(guò)時(shí)了，仍在繼續(xù)用
2.對(duì)環(huán)境不好
3.舊設(shè)備能量消耗過(guò)多
A.不用了！ B.給拆叻！
C.要升級(jí)！ D.要回收！
√
切忌主觀帶入！！！
So what's the solution (解決方案) The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
這都行？
方法：
1.結(jié)構(gòu)看總分 a new study shows that
2.主角找重復(fù) old devices/outdated devices
3.情感判正負(fù) bad news
Tips：
講舊的，是為了夸新的，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)
講過(guò)去，1998等為了說(shuō)現(xiàn)在
數(shù)字70%，就是為了舉例
xx專家，人名也是為了舉例
文章結(jié)構(gòu)總分總
正確選項(xiàng)基本同義替換
相反選項(xiàng)請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注
任何技巧都可能出錯(cuò)，但驗(yàn)證不會(huì)！
閱讀方法！
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
03
2018D篇-1
1Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.
2It found many youngsters（少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “l(fā)ikes”. Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on the web.
3The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner (專員）Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
4Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “l(fā)ikes” or their online posts.
5The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
6Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts” , suggesting a “ need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
7Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media” .
2018D篇-2
8She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
9As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves” .
10Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”
11“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
12However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 — suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
2018D篇-3
13By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.
14However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities（名人）or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
15The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield（雷區(qū)）they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “ take more responsibility” . They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
16Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said: “ It’s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
17“ It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
真題練習(xí)
1. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure
A．They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B．They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C．They were required to give quick responses.
D．They were prevented from using mobile phones.
2. Some social app companies were to blame because_________
A．they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration
B．they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C．they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D．they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late
真題練習(xí)
3. Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to_________.
A．less friendliness to each other
B．lower self-identity and confidence
C．a(chǎn)n increase in online cheating
D．a(chǎn) stronger desire to stay online
4. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to_________.
A．circulate their posts quickly
B．know the qualities of their posts
C．use mobile phones for play
D．get more public approval
真題練習(xí)
5. What should parents do to solve the problem
A．Communicate more with secondary schools.
B．Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C．Keep track of children’s use of social media.
D．Forbid their children from visiting the web.
6. What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The influence of social media on children.
B．The importance of social media to children.
C．The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D．The measure to reduce risks from social media.
通過(guò)題干和題目得出的關(guān)鍵詞1.children/youngers
2.social media/social app
細(xì)讀首尾段！+簡(jiǎn)單串線
①Children （as young as ten ）are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.- 感情傾向負(fù)
②It found many youngsters（少年）now measure their status身份 by how much public approval they get online, often through “l(fā)ikes”. Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image形象 on the web.
尾段：“ It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
讀完了！
來(lái)做題！
秒殺！
1.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure -
A．They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B．They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C．They were required to give quick responses.
D．They were prevented from被阻止 using mobile phones.
√
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
細(xì)節(jié)題
定位到para3
B選項(xiàng)與原文吻合度高
B選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行同義替換，大概率預(yù)判
D選項(xiàng)迷惑選項(xiàng)，直接與文章主題不符合
同義替換極有可能是正確選項(xiàng)！
秒殺！
2. Some social app companies were to blame-負(fù)感情傾向 because ________.
A．they didn't -adequately check their users' registration
B．they organized+ photo trips to attract more youngsters
C．they encouraged +youngsters to post more photos
D．they didn't stop-youngsters from staying up late
√
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
推理判斷
B，C相近選項(xiàng) A，D選項(xiàng)也相近
一排排倆
看題干感情傾向?yàn)樨?fù)面
鎖定A，D
再去定位原文para4
A對(duì)原文改寫(xiě)
利用感情傾向進(jìn)行排除！
秒殺！
3. Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to ________.
A．less friendliness to each other
B．lower self-identity and confidence
C．a(chǎn)n increase in online cheating
D．a(chǎn) stronger desire to stay online
√
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
細(xì)節(jié)題
定位到para9
只有B符合我們所概括的文章主旨
A.對(duì)別人不友好
B.降低自我認(rèn)同感和自信心
C.在線作弊
D.網(wǎng)癮少年
小細(xì)節(jié)服從大主旨！
秒殺！
4.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious （渴望的 ）to_________.
A．circulate their posts quickly
B．know the qualities of their posts
C．use mobile phones for play
D．get more public approval
√
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
推理判斷題
定位到para12
只有D符合我們所概括的文章主旨
再次考察小細(xì)節(jié)服從大主旨！
A.“朋友圈”刷的飛起
B.了解自己朋友圈的品質(zhì)
C.用手機(jī)來(lái)玩耍
D.獲得公眾認(rèn)可
小細(xì)節(jié)服從大主旨！
秒殺！
5. What should parents do to solve the problem
A．Communicate more with secondary schools.
B．Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C．Keep track of children's use of social media.
D．Forbid their children from visiting the web.
√
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
定位到尾段
請(qǐng)注意問(wèn)張三別答李四！
太絕對(duì)的詞大概率不對(duì)
A.和學(xué)校多溝通
B.要求公司制作更安全的應(yīng)用
C.了解孩子使用社交媒體的情況
D.禁止孩子上網(wǎng)
關(guān)注首尾段！
秒殺！
6. What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The influence of social media on children.
B．The importance of social media to children.
C．The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D．The measure to reduce risks from social media.
√
1.孩子們依賴于社交媒體
2.自我價(jià)值感
3.文章研究是為了警告
主旨大意題
符合整體文章感情傾向
猶豫不決就問(wèn)自己：是不是通篇都在講A/B/C/D
A.社交媒體的影響 + -
B.社交媒體的重要性 +
C.建立健康關(guān)系的問(wèn)題 /
D.減少社交媒體危害的措施 通篇？對(duì)話？
不能太過(guò)于細(xì)節(jié)
總結(jié)
04
閱讀的初衷？
閱讀：獲取信息/知識(shí)
作文：分享信息/知識(shí)
閱讀的初衷？——觀點(diǎn)接納
《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》
《時(shí)代周刊》
《紐約客》
來(lái)源于主流外刊&嚴(yán)肅媒體，邏輯清晰，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，總分結(jié)構(gòu)居多
閱讀能力培養(yǎng)
考察？
主旨>細(xì)節(jié)
把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)
正確捕捉&理解文章關(guān)鍵信息
此即，智慧之殿堂！
Effort？
1.老師，今天是你在幫我翻譯？
2.閱讀的方向和重點(diǎn)都不對(duì)，背了很多單詞，執(zhí)著于理解細(xì)節(jié)和次要信息
3.路線正確，你需要做的是跑起來(lái)！
The end ！

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