資源簡介

(共29張PPT)
Unit 6
Space and beyond
外研版（2019）選擇性必修四
The Call of
the Challenger
Complete the quiz and find out how much you know about space exploration. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
1 The first satellite was launched by the USSR in _______.
a 1945 b 1962 c 1957
2 The first person in space was _______.
a Robert Crippen b Yuri Gagarin c Neil Armstrong
3 The first person to walk in space was _______.
a Alexei Leonov b William McCool c Yang Liwei
4 The first space station was Salyut 1, which was launched by _______.
a the USA b the USSR c the European Space Agency
5 The first spacecraft to leave the solar system was _______.
a Vostok 1 b Discovery c Voyager 1
1 The first satellite was launched by the USSR in _______.
a 1945 b 1962 c 1957
2 The first person in space was _______.
a Robert Crippen b Yuri Gagarin c Neil Armstrong
尤里·阿列克謝耶維奇·加加林，蘇聯航天員，蘇聯英雄，蘇聯紅軍上校飛行員，是第一個進入太空的人，也是第一個從太空中看到地球全貌的人。
3 The first person to walk in space was _______.
a Alexei Leonov b William McCool c Yang Liwei
人類首先太空行走由蘇聯完成，1965年3月18日，蘇聯宇航員阿列克謝·阿爾希波維奇·列昂諾夫(ALEXEI LEONOV)完成了人類太空史上的壯舉——太空行走，成為太空行走第一人。
4 The first space station was Salyut 1, which was launched by ____.
a the USA b the USSR c the European Space Agency
1971年4月，前蘇聯發射了世界上第一個空間站，取名“禮炮1號”。它重約18噸，長約14米，最大直徑4.2米，飛行軌道近地點219公里，遠地點275公里，傾角51.6°?！岸Y炮號”由軌道艙、對接艙和服務艙三大部分組成。
5 The first spacecraft to leave the solar system was _______.
a Vostok 1 b Discovery c Voyager 1
北京時間2014年9月13日凌晨2點，美國國家航空航天局(NASA)召開新聞發布會，宣布37年前發射的“旅行者一號”探測器已經離開太陽系，正在飛向別的恒星。“旅行者一號”同時也是首個沖出太陽系的人類制造的飛行器，在人類的航空航天史上成為一座極具紀念意義的追銷里程碑。
Look at the title of the passage and the pictures. Predict what the passage is about.
The passage mainly talks about the loss of Challenger and the humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
Now read the passage and check your prediction.
Read for main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Space travel became unexceptional to the public.
A student’s memory of the explosion of the Challenger.
Armstrong’s first Moon landing.
The disastrous space accident of the Challenger.
The space shuttle programme after the disaster.
The significance of the disaster to the space exploration.
Armstrong’s first moon landing.
Name
Time
Astronauts
Descriptions
Apollo 11
20 July 1969
Neil Armstrong and two others
The first landing on the Moon.
said the famous words “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
“What had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.” ( clause)
Neil Armstrong
Subjective
Space travel became unexceptional to the public after the Moon landings.
Name
Time
Astronauts
Descriptions
Challenger
28 January 1986
Christa McAuliffe and six others
It was special.
Christa McAuliffe
aged _______
an ordinary _________________
was about to become _____________ in space
37
teacher and mother
the first civilian
Plans
two 15-minute lessons
about spacecraft and ________
the _________ of the space programme
gravity
objectives
The disastrous space accident of the Challenger.
Can you find out some nouns describing people’s feelings before and after the Challenger disaster
Excitement
Terror
Optimism
Failure
A student’s memory of the explosion of the Challenger.
The space shuttle programme after the disaster
Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly ________ years.
The cause of the disaster was investigated.
Some of the shuttle’s ___________ were redesigned.
Effects
three
components
: us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
: us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
The significance of the disaster to the space exploration
Significance
Inspire
Remind
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 3
Challenger Disaster Speech
Choose the ideas mentioned in the passage and find the evidence.
1 People thought space travel was no longer dangerous.
2 Christa would have inspired lots of people if she hadn’t lost her life on
board the Challenger.
3 People were determined to continue with the space programme after
the disaster.
4 The disaster proved we should use robots to explore space instead of
people.
5 The shuttle was not reliable and should not have been used.
Para 2: Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.
Para 2: Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.
Para 6: … inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
Time: __________________
Place: Space Centre in Florida, USA
Crew: _______________, including a teacher
What was special about the Challenger launch
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space.
28 January 1986
seven astronauts
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
What was the teacher’s mission on board the Challenger
She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
What was done in the three years following the disaster
Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER
DISASTER
Which shuttle followed the Challenger, and when was it launched
Discovery followed the Challenger, and was launched on 29 September 1988.
Now talk about what you can learn from the Challenger disaster.
Thanks!(共34張PPT)
外研版（2019）選擇性必修四
Unit 5
Into the unknown
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
1 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
2 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
3 Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the
subject in the sentence
4 What do “how”, “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
In sentence a, “how” refers to the extent of power of Ancient Maya civilization’s secrets.
In sentence c, “why” refers to the reason that Maya civilization collapsed.
In sentence b, “what” refers to the thing that caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
Review: noun clause
名詞性從句
名
詞
性
從
句
主語從句
賓語從句
表語從句
同位語從句
What’s past is prologue.
Tomorrow or an accident-you never know which will come first.
That it will never come again is what makes life so sweet.
I have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with little white boys and girls.
分類 在從句中的作用 常見詞
連接詞 連接作用，不充當成分 that, whether, if
連接代詞 連接作用 + 充當n.成分 what,who,whom,whose,which,
whatever,whoever,whomever,
whichever
連接副詞 連接作用+ 充當狀語 when, where, why, how
I don’t know what you’re talking about.
That I miss you is obvious.
Do you know why you’re learning English
從句成分： *不缺任何成分 連接詞
*缺主賓表 連接代詞
*缺狀語意義 連接副詞
主語從句
that從句位于句首時, that不能省略。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
有時可用形式主語it代替主語從句, 將it放在句首, 主語從句放在句末, 以避免句子頭重腳輕。
It is not known yet where she has gone.
賓語從句
當賓語從句后有賓語補足語時, 需要用it作形式賓語, 而將賓語從句后置。
I made it clear that we were determined to carry out the plan.
當主句主語是第一人稱，且謂語為think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞時, 如果賓語從句表示否定意思, 通常否定前移, 即否定主句的謂語。
I don’t think there’s a computer store in the town.
I don’t believe that she’s ever been to Hong Kong.
賓語從句也可用作介詞或形容詞的賓語。
She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.
賓語從句
引導賓語從句的連詞that在口語中可省略, 但在下列情況中，that需保留。
主、從句之間有表示時間等的狀語時that不能省略, 否則會產生歧義。
The geography teacher told us yesterday that the nearest neighbour of the earth is the moon.
主、從句之間有插入語時不可省去that。
—It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember, believe it or not, that we got lost on a rainy night.
引導兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時, 第二個以及第二個以后的賓語從句中的連詞that不能省略。
From what is written here I can see you had a very bad cold three years ago and that you also had a small operation last year.
表語從句
當主語是reason且后面的表語從句表示原因時通常用that引導; 而當it, this或that作主語, 后面的表語從句常用because或why引導。
My reason is that the cost will be too high.
I had to catch the first train. That / This / It was why I left so early.
表語從句還可由as if/as though引導。as if/as though引導表語從句時, 主句中的動詞可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。
She looks as if / as though she had seen a ghost.
This meat tastes as if / as though it has already gone bad.
同位語從句
同位語從句通常由that引導, 但whether, who, where等有時也可引導同位語從句。
Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him.
I have no idea whether I should buy a car or not.
可接同位語從句的通常是一些表示抽象意義的名詞, 常見的有news, idea, fact, belief, message, conclusion, decision, doubt, hope, chance, thought等。
The fact that the agreement was signed was important.
同位語從句有時不直接跟在它所解釋說明的名詞后面, 而是被其它成分隔開。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
引導名詞性從句的連接詞辨析
what與that
what引導名詞性從句時不僅起連接作用，而在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等。
What makes the school proud is that more than 90% of its students have been admitted to key universities.
He has fully lived up to what he promised.
I want to know what the difficulty is now.
Jack collected what information he could find.
that引導名詞性從句時只起連接作用, 在從句中不作任何成分。
whether與if
whether引導的主語從句可位于句首或句尾, 而if不能引導位于句首的主語從句。
Whether it rains or not doesn’t concern me.
It’s still uncertain if / whether he’s coming or not.
whether可引導表語從句和同位語從句, if 則不能。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
We ought to discuss the question whether we should do it.
whether可引導介詞后的賓語從句, if則不能。
He was worried about whether he passed the English examination.
whether后可直接跟or not, if 則不能。
I really don’t care whether or not he will stay.
whoever與whomever
在正式語體中, whomever是whoever的賓格形式; 在非正式語體中, 人們用whoever來代替whomever。
Whomever you invite will be welcome.
Give it to whoever / whomever you like.
whatever與whichever
與whatever相比，whichever常有明確的選擇范圍。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
All the books are here. You may borrow whichever you like.
考點歸納
名詞性從句考查要點主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用，主語、謂語的語序，雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。其考點主要包括：
1. 名詞性從句的連接詞。如：有詞義的連接代詞who, whose, whom, what, which; 連接副詞when, where, why, how; 從屬連詞that, whether, if, as if; 無詞義的that在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略。
2. 名詞性從句的語序和時態。
3. it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況。
It+be+形容詞+that從句
It+be+過去分詞+that從句
It+be+名詞+that從句
It+不及物動詞(appear, happen等)+that從句
4. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。
It is (was)+essential (important, natural…)+that…；
It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…) that…
5. what引導名詞性從句時的語義功能和語法功能。
what=the thing that/ anything that…
what=the place that…
what=the time that…
what=the person that…
6. whoever, whatever, whichever引導名詞性從句時的語義功能和語法功能。
1.（2025·全國二卷）Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and ______ we think.
2.（ 2025·全國二卷 ）I really did not know ______I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter.
3.（2025·北京卷) The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
4. （2024·新課標I卷) People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or ______it was on the page.
5.（2024·新課標II卷）This is ______Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now--several decades before these developments are expected to take place.
how
whether
what
where
why
6.（2025·全國二卷 Our study showed ______there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
7. （2025·全國二卷) It’s estimated ______ the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
8. (2025·北京卷) You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you _____ you are.
9. （2024·天津卷）The fun part of the activities is that the kids can eat or take home _______ they make.
10. (2024·天津卷)You will be amazed by the fact ______ Chinese people are so at ease with technology.
that
that
who
whatever
that
Complete the passage using noun clauses with words in brackets.
Look like
<
>
x
DINOSAURS
What did
look like
There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find explanations. You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right In fact, it seems that they appeared very different form 1 ____________ (think).
In recent years, scientists have worked out 2 ___________________________ _________(look): many of them were small with feathers. However, 3 _______________ (have) feathers still isn’t clear — it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.
Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems 4 _________________ (depend on) their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.
what we think
what they looked like/ how they looked
whether they had
that depended on
Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you.
Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that …
The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, or the K-T extinction event, is the name given to the die-off of the dinosaurs and other species that took place some 65.5 million years ago.
For many years, paleontologists believed this event was caused by climate and geological changes that interrupted the dinosaurs’ food supply. However, in the 1980s, father-and-son scientists Luis and Walter Alvarez discovered in the geological record a distinct layer of iridium — an element found in abundance only in space — that corresponds to the precise time the dinosaurs died.
This suggests that a comet, asteroid or meteor impact event may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. In the 1990s, scientists located the massive Chicxulub Crater at the tip of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, which dates to the period in question.
Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared using noun clauses where appropriate.
The Golden Toad
The American Cheetah
The Eskimo Curlew
The Blackfin Cisco
Schomburgk’s Deer
Broad-Faced Potoroo
Everyone knows that birds
descended from dinosaurs —
and, like dinosaurs, birds have
been subject to the kinds of
ecological pressures (loss of
habitat, climate change, human
predation) that can render a species extinct. In its heyday, the Passenger Pigeon was the most populous bird in the world.
Its vast flocks had billions of birds and literally darkened the skies over North America during their annual migrations. Hunted and harassed by the millions — and shipped in
railroad cars, by the ton, to the starving cities
of the eastern seaboard — the Passenger Pigeon
dwindled before vanishing by the late 19th
century. The last known Passenger Pigeon,
who was named Martha, died in
captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
Thanks!
Thanks!(共34張PPT)
外研版（2019）選擇性必修四
Unit 5
Into the unknown
Look at the picture and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
What different zones are there in the ocean
Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored
What do you know about the deepest part of the ocean
200 m
1000 m
4000 m
6000 m
0 m
≈20℃
5-10℃
0-4℃
<0℃
Epipelagic Zone - The surface layer of the ocean is known as the epipelagic zone and extends from the surface to 200 metres (656 feet). It is also known as the sunlight zone because this is where most of the visible light exists. With the light comes heat. This heat is responsible for the wide range of temperatures that occur in this zone.
Mesopelagic Zone - Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone, extending from 200 metres (656 feet) to 1,000 metres (3,281 feet). The mesopelagic zone is sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the midwater zone. The light that penetrates to this depth is extremely faint. It is in this zone that we begin to see the twinkling lights of bioluminescent creatures. A great diversity of strange and bizarre fishes can be found here.
Bthypelagic Zone - The
next layer is called the
bathypelagic zone. It is
sometimes referred to as
the midnight zone or the dark zone. This zone extends from 1,000 metres (3,281 feet) down to 4,000 metres (13,124 feet). Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themselves. The water pressure at this depth is immense, reaching 5,850 pounds per square inch. In spite of the pressure, a surprisingly large number of creatures can be found here. Sperm whales can dive down to this level in search of food. Most of the animals that live at these depths are black or red in color due to the lack of light.
Abyssopelagic Zone - The next
layer is called the abyssopelagic zone,
also known as the abyssal zone or
simply as the abyss. It extends from 4,000 metres (13,124 feet) to 6,000 metres (19,686 feet). The name comes from a Greek word meaning “no bottom”. The water temperature is near freezing, and there is no light at all. Very few creatures can be found at these crushing depths. Most of these are invertebrates such as basket stars and tiny squids. Three-quarters of the ocean floor lies within this zone. The deepest fish ever discovered was found in the Puerto Rico Trench(海溝) at a depth of 27,460 feet (8,372 metres).
What different zones are there in the ocean
Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored
What do you know about the deepest part of the ocean
The different zones in the ocean are Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone, Midnight Zone and Abyssal Zone.
Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone.
The deepest part of the ocean is Abyssal Zone. It is an area where the water depth is about 2,000–5,000 metres. The trench can be lowered to 6,000 metres. These very deep areas are sometimes called “Super-abyssal zones”. Actually it is the largest ecological region on earth.
Look at the pictures and guess what it is for.
Read the picture and discuss with your partner what information you get.
China’s new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe, or Striver, set a national diving record of 10,909 metres in the Challenger Deep, a 11,000-metre chasm located at the bottom of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean.
The successful sea trial verified the various functions and performances of the submersible as well as China’s breakthroughs in deep-sea equipment and technologies. It marked China’s entry into the first echelon of deep-sea scientific research and provided strong technical support for the country’s subsequent deep-sea research.
Read the passage and find out what has been discovered in the ocean depths.
Skim the passage and match the main idea.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
We are entering a new age of oceanic discovery.
We have little knowledge of Earth’s sea bed.
Many archaeological finds are made in shallow waters.
There are extraordinary creatures in the deep sea.
The oceans are a valuable source of natural resources.
Read for structure
Para. 1: Introduce the topic.
Para. 2-4:
Ocean
__________.
Para. 2: the _______ of Neapolis
Para.3: amazing __________ discoveries
Para. 5: ___________ is entering a new age of oceanic discovery.
Humankind
ruins
Para.4: __________ of natural resources
biological
discovery
exploration
Diving deep
Scan the passage and complete the diagram.
OVER THE CENTURIES:
sailing across oceans to explore Earth’s furthest corners
Ocean exploration
MODERN AGE: exploring 1___________
deep sea
2______________ exploration
Finding ancient ruins in 3________________.
Working to overcome challenges and make
discoveries at 4______________.
Example:
5__________________________
Archaeological
shallow waters
vast depths
the ruins of Neapolis
6 _____________exploration
Containing about 90 per cent of 7_______________.
Helping comprehend 8__________________________.
Examples:
9 _______________
10 _______________
11___________________________________________
_________________
Biological
the planet’s fish
bone-white coral
the capacity for life on our planet
the barreleye
life to be found even around the deep-sea volcanic openings
Discovery of natural resources
Discovering new natural resources.
Studying 12 _________________.
Identifying areas for 13 ____________________.
Examples:
14 _______________________
15 _______________________
“fire ice”
deep-sea drilling
the sea bed
China’s underwater vessels
What writing skills are used in the passage
Statistics & examples
The discourse markers(語篇標記)
As you read, notice the discourse markers used in the text, eg in addition, also, however, furthermore, as well as. These markers function like road signs, helping you connect ideas and understand the writer’s attitude and opinions.
discourse markers
Statistics
Examples
whole city buried beneath the waves
the ancient Roman city of Neapolis
location:______________________
time: __________________
cause:__________________
off the coast of Tunisia
tsunami
the 4th century
Examples in para. 2
the ancient Roman city of Neapolis
Examples in para. 3
200 metres
dark zone
6000 metres deep
8000 metres
Name:________________________
Age: ________________________
Name:_____________
Features: _________________________________
barreleye
transparent forehead eyes can look upwards
bone-white coral
4000 years old
life to be found even around the deep sea vocalnic openings
Examples
Examples in para. 4
China’s achievements
New natural resource: __________
Underwater vessels: ___________________________
fire ice
Jiaolong & Shenhai Yongshi
Tip: The use of statistics and examples make the passage more convincing.
Give a talk about the influences of ocean exploration on your daily life.
Look at the diagram below and brainstorm examples of how ocean exploration affects your daily life.
Trade and economy
Cultural exchange
Transport and travel
Food and natural resources
Environment and conservation
Influences of ocean exploration
Organise your talk by completing the diagram with your examples.
Ocean exploration affects our daily life in many ways.
The air we breathe: The ocean produces over half of the world’s oxygen and absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere.
Climate regulation: Covering 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, the ocean transports heat from the equator to the poles, regulating our climate and weather patterns.
Food: The ocean provides more than just seafood; ingredients from the sea are found in surprising foods such as peanut butter and soymilk.
Medicine: Many medicinal products come from the ocean, including ingredients that help fight cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart disease.
Recreation: From fishing to boating to kayaking and whale watching, the ocean provides us with many unique activities.
The deep sea is Earth’s last frontier.
We should protect deep-sea ecosystems to contribute to the future sustainable development and ecological balance of the earth.
Thanks!

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