資源簡介

(共103張PPT)
維
詞
課
堂
版本：新人教
單元：必修二 Unit 4 (Listening and Speaking)
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
1. 孔子 n ___________
2. 哲學(xué)；哲學(xué)體系 n ___________
3. 單獨的；個人的 adj ___________
4. *mansion n ___________
5. *cemetery n ___________
6. 補philosopher n ___________
7. *descendant n ___________
8. *heel n ___________
9. Achilles’ heel ___________
Confucius
individual
philosophy
公館；宅第
墓地；公墓
哲學(xué)家；思想家
后裔；后代；子孫
致命弱點；死穴
腳后跟
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
1. 王國 n _________
2. 首要的；最重要的 adj __________
3. 附近的 adj _________
4. 把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來 _________
5. 離開；脫離；突然掙脫 __________
6. 屬（于）；應(yīng)在（某處） vi ___________
7. 屬于；是……的成員；應(yīng)歸入 _________
8. 和；也；除……之外 ___________
kingdom
chief
nearby
join … to …
break away (from)
as well as
belong to
belong
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
9. 軍事的；軍用的 adj ___________
10. 防御；保衛(wèi)；防護(hù) n ___________
11. 法律的；與法律有關(guān)的 adj ___________
12. 包圍；環(huán)繞；圍困 vt ___________
13. 證據(jù)；跡象 n ___________
14. 成就；功績；成績 n ___________
15. 地點；位置 n _________
16. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗 n ___________
military
defence / defense
legal
surround
evidence
battle
location
achievement
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
17. 港；港口 n ___________
18. *puzzle n ___________
19. *currency n ___________
20. 補evident adj ___________
21. *conquer vt _________
22. *fascinating adj ___________
23.補*fascinate v ___________
24. keep your eyes open (for) ___________
port
難題；謎；拼圖游戲
通貨；貨幣；支付手段
明顯的；清楚的；明白的
征服；攻克；戰(zhàn)勝
迷人的；極有吸引力的
（使）著迷；（使）迷住
留心；留意
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
1. （給……）充電 v _________
2. 宣布；（尤指在機場或火車站）廣播通知 v __________
3. 數(shù)量；數(shù)額；總數(shù) n _________
4. 畫廊；美術(shù)陳列室；美術(shù)館 n _________
5. 靠近 ；臨近；接近 v __________
6. 確保；保證 vt ___________
7. 慷慨的；大方的 adj _________
8. 黃油；牛油 n ___________
charge
announce
amount
gallery
approach
butter
generous
ensure
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
9. 蜂蜜；甜美之物 n ___________
10. 祖先；祖宗 n ___________
11.補announcement n ___________
12. landscape n ___________
13. position vt ___________
honey
ancestor
通告；布告；宣布；宣告
風(fēng)景；風(fēng)景畫
放置；安放；使處于
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
1. 小吃；點心 n _________
2. 渴望的；熱切的 adj __________
3. 詩人 n _________
4. （使）翻滾；（使）滾動 v _________
5. 海洋 n __________
6. 打招呼；問候；迎接 vt ___________
7. 葡萄酒；酒 n _________
8. 啤酒 n ___________
snack
eager
poet
roll
ocean
beer
wine
greet
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
9. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗 n ___________
10. 擠滿；使……擁擠 vt __________
11. courtyard n ___________
12. county n ___________
13. *feast n ___________
14.補rolling adj ___________
15. *dot vt __________
16. cattle n ___________
custom
crowd
庭院；院子
（英國的）郡；（美國的）縣
盛宴；享受；（宗教）節(jié)日
起伏的
在（……上 / 上方）加點；布滿；星羅棋布于
牛
單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測 —— 英漢互譯
17. *roar n ___________
18. *scent n ___________
19. 補greeting n ___________
20. pub n ___________
21. *stew n ___________
22. sensory adj ___________
23. striking adj ___________
24. *transition n __________
25. 補crowded adj ___________
吼叫聲；咆哮聲
香味；氣味
問候；致意；迎接；賀詞；問候語
酒吧；酒館
燉菜
感覺的；感官的
驚人的；顯著的；引人注目的
過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷
擁擠的；擠滿的；裝滿的
本單元詞匯梳理
1. Confucius “孔夫子”的音譯
拓展：Confucianism (孔子學(xué)說，儒教)
2. philosophy 構(gòu)詞：philo- (loving 愛) + soph (knowledge, wisdom 智慧) + -y (名詞后綴)；派生詞：philosopher
3. Achilles’ heel Achilles’ heel（阿喀琉斯之踵）用來比喻強大人物身上唯一的薄弱之處、致命的死穴或軟肋。
阿喀琉斯是荷馬史詩《伊利亞特》中一個半神英雄、希臘聯(lián)軍第一勇士。他是海洋女神忒提斯和英雄珀琉斯之子。他出生后，母親忒提斯為了使他煉成金剛不壞之軀，將其倒提著浸在冥河水中，除被母親所捏的腳踵外，他全身刀槍不入。最后，他的敵人也正是抓住這個弱點，用箭射中了他的腳踵，導(dǎo)致Achilles受傷身亡。
individual R3
■ adj
[只用于名詞前] 單獨的；個人的：
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.
It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class.
獨特的；與眾不同的：
She’s got a very individual way of dressing.
■ n [C] 個人；個體；人：
Together, individuals can make a difference.
To become the Olympic champion in the individual all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she knew best. 2023 全國
individualism n [U] 個人主義
individuality n [U] 個性；特征
1. kingdom king + -dom (表示領(lǐng)域)
詞塊：the United Kingdom
2. chief 來自詞根 cap (頭)，詞源同captain
詞塊：an editor-in-chief / a chief editor
3. puzzle 詞塊：puzzle over / about; solve a puzzle
派生詞：puzzled, puzzling
4. nearby near + by
5. join … to … 近義詞 connect … to …
6. belong 詞塊：belong to，不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
派生詞：belonging (詞塊 a sense of belonging)；belongings (詞塊 personal belongings)
本單元詞匯梳理
7. as well as 主謂一致：as well as 連接主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與
as well as前的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致
近義詞：in addition to
8. currency 來自current (adj 流通的)
詞塊：foreign currency
9. military 詞塊：take military action, in the military
10. defence 構(gòu)詞：de- (from / away 去掉；離開) + fenc (to hit / strike 打擊) + -e → 擊擋開 → 防御；保衛(wèi)
詞塊：in sb’s defence / in defence of sb
11. legal 詞族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
12. surround 詞塊：surround sb / sth with / by sth, surround oneself with sb / sth
派生詞：surrounding, surroundings
13. evidence 構(gòu)詞：e- (out 向外) + vid (to see 看) + -ence (名詞后
綴) → 外面看得見的事物 → 證據(jù)
同根詞：video
核心句式：there is evidence that … (同位語從句）
詞族：evidence, evident, evidently
14. achievement 構(gòu)詞：achieve + -ment；詞塊：a sense of achievement
15. location 構(gòu)詞：locate (找出……的位置) + -ion (名詞后綴)
詞族：locate, located, location
16. battle 構(gòu)詞：batt (to beat 打、擊) + -le (名詞后綴) → 戰(zhàn)斗
詞塊：fight a (losing) battle, battle with / against
17. port 同根詞：transport (必修一 U2)
18. fascinating 構(gòu)詞：fascinate (使著迷) + -ing
詞族：fascinate, fascinated, fascinating, fascination
重難點詞
精講
defence
belong
as well as
achieve & achievement
搭配義
搭配義
一詞多義
surround
battle
一詞多義
搭配義
搭配義
英語的發(fā)展史
belong
Victory belongs to the most persevering.
勝利屬于最堅忍的人。
— Napoleon
拿破侖·波拿巴（1769年8月15日－1821年5月5日），即拿破侖一世（Napoléon I），出生于科西嘉島，十九世紀(jì)法國偉大的軍事家、政治家，法蘭西第一帝國的締造者。拿破侖于1804年12月2日加冕稱帝，把共和國變成帝國。在位期間稱“法國人的皇帝”，也是歷史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名號的法國皇帝。
belong vi 屬 (于)；應(yīng)在 (某處)：
Put the chair back where it belongs.
belong to 屬于；是……的成員；應(yīng)歸入：
Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and hers.
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
If you plan on working out in a gym, your workout partner must belong to the same gym. 2022 全國改
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
注：belong to 不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
belonging n [U] 歸屬：
Children need a sense of belonging. 2021 全國
belongings n [C] [復(fù)數(shù)] 所有物；財產(chǎn)；財物 (possessions)：
Look after your personal belongings.
as well as
與……一樣好：
I wish I could speak English as well as he can.
和；也；除……之外：
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
As well as writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
The teacher as well as his students is going to plant trees tomorrow.
注 as well as 連接并列主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與as well as前的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。
課文
[U] 防御；保衛(wèi)；防護(hù)：
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.
Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.
2020 浙江 讀后續(xù)寫
[C] & [U] 防務(wù)；防御物；防御能力：
The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
[U] & [C] 辯護(hù)；辯解：
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
[C] (體育運動中的) 后衛(wèi)；防守隊員
defence / defense n
詞源解讀：de- (from / away 去掉；離開) + -fenc- (hit / strike 打擊) + -e → 擊擋開 → 防御；保衛(wèi)
defence / defense 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
防御；保衛(wèi)；防護(hù)
基本義
具體的防御物
防務(wù)；防御物；防御能力
辯護(hù)；辯解
后衛(wèi)；防守隊員
語言的防御
比賽中的防御
包圍；環(huán)繞；圍困：
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who
challenge you to be better. 2016 浙江
與……緊密相關(guān)：
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
surround vt
【詞匯拓展】
surrounding
adj [只用于名詞前] 周圍的 (nearby)：
the surrounding scenery
surroundings
n [用復(fù)數(shù)] 周圍的事物；環(huán)境 everything that is near or around you (environment)：
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 2023 全國
achieve v
vt (憑借努力) 達(dá)到 (目標(biāo)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially after much effort (attain)：
achieve success / progress
Happiness is achieved through hard work.
I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. 2014 江西書面表達(dá)
vt 完成 to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen (accomplish)：
No one can achieve anything without effort.
He achieved what he had thought impossible.
vi 獲得成功 to be successful：
He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve.
achievable adj 可達(dá)到的；可獲得的
achievement n
26
[U] 達(dá)成；完成 the act or process of achieving sth：
Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of achievement.
It is only the achievement of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.
[C] 成就；功績；成績：
great scientific achievements
He was awarded a prize for his achievements in physics.
抽象名詞具體化
battle
“battle”一詞開始作為一個比較大眾的網(wǎng)絡(luò)語被大家所熟知，是因為近兩年國內(nèi)綜藝節(jié)目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中國有嘻哈》、《這就是街舞》、《熱血街舞團(tuán)》。
“battle”一詞常常用于在說唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之間，dancer和dancer之間的一種PK較量，即人與人之間的“戰(zhàn)斗”。
battle
■ n
[C] & [U] 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗：
fight / win / lose a battle
Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
[C] 斗爭；較量：
a long-running legal battle
A good beginning is half the battle.
I realized running was a battle against myself. 2018 北京
fight a losing battle 打一場無望取勝的仗
batt- (beat 打 、擊) + -le (反復(fù)) → 戰(zhàn)斗
滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役 （1815年反法聯(lián)軍戰(zhàn)勝法國改變歐洲歷史的戰(zhàn)役）
這次戰(zhàn)役結(jié)束了拿破侖帝國，也是拿破侖一世的最后一戰(zhàn)；拿破侖戰(zhàn)敗后被放逐至圣赫勒拿島，自此退出歷史舞臺。
■ vt & vi (與……) 斗爭；(與……) 戰(zhàn)斗：
battle for
They battled with / against the winds and waves.
How did our ancestors battle nature with the basic tools they had
【詞匯拓展】
battlefield n [C] 戰(zhàn)場；沖突地區(qū) / 領(lǐng)域
英語發(fā)展簡史
公元450年
公元1100年
公元1500年
公元1800年
盎格魯人、撒克遜人等（日耳曼部落）在不列顛定居：古英語形成；
基督教傳入：拉丁語詞進(jìn)入英語；
北歐人入侵：斯堪的納維亞各國詞匯進(jìn)入英語
諾曼征服：法語詞進(jìn)入英語
文藝復(fù)興：大量拉丁語詞和希臘語詞進(jìn)入英語
科技詞匯大量增長；
美國英語地位確立；
多種新英語變體出現(xiàn)
古英語時期
Old English
中古英語時期
Middle English
早期現(xiàn)代英語時期
后期現(xiàn)代英語時期
現(xiàn)代英語時期
Modern English
本單元詞匯梳理
1. charge 一詞多義：詞源義和基本義是“負(fù)荷”
詞塊：(n) in charge of, take charge of, free of charge
(v) charge for sth, charge sb (for) sth, charge sb with (doing) sth
派生詞：charger
2. announce 構(gòu)詞：an- (to) + nounce (to report 報告) → 通知
同根詞：pronounce
派生詞：announcer, announcement
詞塊：announce = make an announcement
3. amount 構(gòu)詞：a- (加強意義) + mount (mountain 山) → 到達(dá)山頂 → 到達(dá)最頂處 → 總、合
詞塊：a large amount of; amount to
4. gallery 詞塊：an art gallery
5. approach 一詞多義：基本義“接近” (come nearer)
意為“處理……的方法”時與介詞to搭配，類似結(jié)構(gòu)有solution to, key to, way to等
6. ensure 構(gòu)詞：en- (to make 使) + sure (確認(rèn))
近義詞：make sure
7. landscape 構(gòu)詞：land (land 土地) + scap(e) (condition 狀況) →“土地的狀況”，原用于繪畫術(shù)語指自然風(fēng)景畫，后泛指“風(fēng)景”
8. generous 構(gòu)詞：gener (birth) + -ous (形容詞后綴) → 出身高貴的
→ 慷慨的
同根詞：generation
句式：it’s generous of sb to do sth, be generous to sb / with sth
派生詞：generosity, generously
9. butter 詞塊：bread and butter；名詞動詞化：涂黃油于
10. honey 蜂蜜 → 親愛的 (非正式用語)
11. ancestor 構(gòu)詞：an- (before 前面) + cest (to go 走) + -or (人) → 走在前面的人 → 祖先
12. position 一詞多義：基本義“位置”
詞塊：apply for a position, in sb’s position
名詞動詞化：放置；安放；使處于
重難點詞
精講
amount
搭配義
charge
一詞多義
position
一詞多義
英語釋義
approach
一詞多義
announce
一詞多義
en詞綴
charge詞源
根據(jù)詞源可知，charge名詞的詞源義是“負(fù)荷”，在此基礎(chǔ)上衍生出各層釋義。
charge和car（車）同源，來自拉丁語carrus （一種兩輪貨車，即裝載貨物的車），由這個拉丁語衍生而來的單詞都跟“裝載、承載”有關(guān)，比如cargo（貨物），carriage （馬車；客車車廂），carry (攜帶；搬運)，career （職業(yè)）以及charge
[U] 主管；負(fù)責(zé)：
① in charge (of sth):
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please
② in / under sb’s charge:
The files were left in your charge.
③ take charge of:
To become a successful person, we must be able to take charge of ourselves. 北師大新必修③ – 7
charge n
[C] & [U] 費用；價錢：
Delivery is free of charge.
[C] 指控；罪名：
She was arrested on the charge of theft.
Police dropped the charges against him because of insufficient evidence.
[C] & [U] 電荷；電量：
on charge
a positive / negative charge
vt & vi (向……) 收費；開價：
① charge (sb / sth) for sth:
The disadvantage of the hotel is that it charges for Wi-Fi.
2021 新高考改
② charge sb sth (for sth):
The restaurant only charged me $40 (for wine).
charge v
vt 指控；控告：
charge sb with (doing) sth:
She is charged with murdering her husband.
vt & vi (給……) 充電：
We need to get our car battery charged.
charger n [C] 充電器
vi & vt (向……) 沖；進(jìn)攻：
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second.
課文
負(fù)荷
（基本義）
charge
罪名的負(fù)荷
金錢的負(fù)荷
責(zé)任的負(fù)荷
負(fù)責(zé)
費用
指控
電荷的負(fù)荷
電量
charge語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
n
(向……) 收費；開價
指控；控告
(給……) 充電
(向……) 沖；進(jìn)攻
v
announce vt
宣告；宣布：
Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
Mr White announced that he would go to China in February.
(尤指在機場或火車站) 廣播通知：
The pilot announced with apology that there would be
a slight delay before setting down.
宣布……的到來 / 出席：
Would you announce the guests as they come in
an- (to) + nounce (report 報告) → 通知
【詞匯拓展】
announcer n [C] (電視臺 / 電臺的) 播音員；(機場或車站的) 廣播員
announcement n [C] 通告；布告；[U] 宣布；宣告：
make an announcement
I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 全國書面表達(dá)
amount
■ n [C] & [U] 數(shù)量；數(shù)額；總數(shù)：
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge amount of benefit.
注：amounts of / a large (huge / small) amount of 尤與不可數(shù)名詞連用。作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與amount的數(shù)保持一致。
Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
There’s only a small amount of food.
a- (加強意義) + -mount- (mountain 山) → 到達(dá)山頂 → 到達(dá)最頂處 → 總、合
課文
vi
amount to
達(dá)到 (某數(shù)量)；合計：
At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million. 2017 浙江
It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn’t sure how much it would amount to. 2021 浙江 讀后續(xù)寫
相當(dāng)于；等于；意味著：
Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing.
翻譯句子。
1. 圣誕節(jié)就要來臨。
______________________________
2. 列車即將進(jìn)站。
______________________________
approach
Christmas is coming.
approaching
The train is arriving.
approaching
詞源：
動詞approach由ad “to”+ propiare [拉丁語 prope （near）的比較級]構(gòu)成，詞源義 / 基本義是“come nearer” “靠近；接近”。
vt & vi (距離上) 靠近 (near)；(時間上) 臨近； (數(shù)量上) 接近
to come near or nearer to sb / sth in space, time, amount, etc.：
approach v
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. 陜西書面表達(dá)
The population of our province is now approaching 74 million.
I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. 2020 浙江讀后續(xù)寫
走近 / 靠近
來臨
接近
課文
靠近
vt 與……接洽 to speak to sb usually in order to ask for sth：
The staff soon found the new manager easy to approach.
The students approach their teacher for advice.
vt 處理 to start dealing with a problem, task, etc.：
What’s the best way of approaching this problem / matter / task
表示處理的詞還有：
deal with, handle, address
[U] 靠近；接近：
the approach of autumn
The students stopped talking at the teacher’s approach.
[C] 通道；道路 a road or path, etc. leading to sth：
All approaches to the town were blocked.
[C] (處理……的) 方法；(達(dá)到……的) 途徑 a way of dealing with sb / sth：
She decided to adopt / take a different approach to the problem.
The job market has changed and our approach to finding work must change as well.
approach n
跟to搭配的常見名詞有：answer, key, solution, visit, way, path, contribution, entrance, exit, access等
approach語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
v
n
（距離上）靠近；（時間上）臨近；（數(shù)量上）接近
靠近；接近
與……接洽
通道；道路
（處理……的）方法
（達(dá)到……的）途徑
“靠近”距離、時間、數(shù)量等
“靠近”人
“靠近”事情
處理
靠近
基本義
position
單詞拼寫：
1. The _____________________（位置）of the classroom with its view made me feel like I was dreaming. (2015 浙江)
2. I’m writing to apply for the ___________________（職位）as a student volunteer. (2015 陜西)
location /
position更正式
position
job / post /
position
[C]＆[U] 位置；方位；(恰當(dāng)或正確的) 位置：
The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. 2023 全國
The orchestra were all in position, waiting for the conductor.
position 【基本義】位置
n
[C]＆[U] 姿勢；(物體所指的) 方向：
Lie in a comfortable position.
Keep the box in an upright position.
[C]＆[U] 地位；身份：
The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each other.
[C] [正式用語] 職位；職務(wù) a job (post)：
He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.
[C] (比賽中的) 名次：
She finished the race in third position.
[C] [常用單數(shù)] 處境；狀況 the state or situation that sb / sth is in：
What would you do if in my position
[C] [常與on 連用] 立場；觀點；態(tài)度 (attitude)
an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject:
I hope you’ll reconsider your position.
vt 放置；安放；使處于 (place)：
I positioned myself to take the best photo of the sea view.
2017 天津改
名詞動詞化
位置
（基本義）
place
在社會上的位置
人身體 / 物體的位置
在空間上的位置
位置；方位; (恰當(dāng)或正確的) 位置
在工作中的位置
比賽中的位置
處境中的位置
觀點的位置
position語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
姿勢；(物體所指的) 方向
地位；身份
職位；職務(wù)
(比賽中的) 名次
處境；狀況
立場；觀點；態(tài)度
n
v
放置；安放；使處于
en- + sure → ensure
en- + able → enable
en- + rich → enrich
en- + danger → endanger
en- + courage → encourage
使役動詞詞綴 en
“使役動詞”前綴 en- 及后綴 -en 可加在形容詞和名詞前或后構(gòu)成動詞，en 詞綴意為 “使”“使成為”“使處于……之中”。
short+ -en → shorten
deaf + -en → deafen
fright + -en → frighten
threat + -en → threaten
light + -en → lighten
使役動詞前綴 en-
說出下列單詞的詞性及漢語釋義。
v 確保
v 使能夠
v 使遭遇危險
v 鼓勵
v 使豐富
v (使) 變短
v (使) 變明亮 / 減輕
v 使震得耳朵發(fā)聾
v 使驚嚇
v 威脅
1. courtyard court (n 庭) + yard
2. snack 詞塊：a snack bar
3. eager 詞塊：be eager for / to do sth
派生詞：eagerly, eagerness
4. poet 詞族：poem, poet, poetry
5. county 來自count (伯爵)，伯爵管轄的土地 → 郡、縣
法國作家大仲馬有著名作品《基督山伯爵》 (The Count of Monte Cristo)
6. feast 詞塊：a wedding feast, a visual feast / a feast for the eyes
本單元詞匯梳理
7. roll 名詞基本義“卷狀物”，名詞動詞化：使變成卷狀物
即“使?jié)L動”
詞塊：a roll of paper, spring rolls
派生詞：rolling (rolling hills)
8. dot 名詞動詞化“布滿；星羅棋布于”(The sky was dotted with stars.)
9. cattle 指牛的總稱，不能說a cattle；詞塊：twenty head of cattle
10. roar 擬聲詞，模仿咆哮的聲音
11. ocean 英式英語用sea，美式用ocean
12. greet 近義詞：welcome；詞塊：greet … with
隱喻：具體的“迎接”某人→ 抽象的“迎接”→ 對……作出反應(yīng)
派生詞：greeting
13. pub 縮寫自public house
14. wine 詞塊：red wine
15. beer 音譯詞
16. custom custom的本意是“習(xí)俗、慣例”，也指“海關(guān)、關(guān)稅”，因為繳納關(guān)稅原本是一種慣例。早在古希臘時代，雅典成為愛琴海沿岸的商貿(mào)中心。外地商人為了保障自己在當(dāng)?shù)氐馁Q(mào)易權(quán)利和利益，就向雅典城邦當(dāng)局贈送禮物。后來，雅典以使用其港口為名，正式向來往商品征收一定比例的費用。在英國，外地商人進(jìn)入某地進(jìn)行商貿(mào)活動時，需要向當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)主繳納一項例行的入市費，稱為 customary tolls。因此，custom便衍生了“關(guān)稅”的含義，通常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。后來，custom又用來表示征收關(guān)稅的場所，即“海關(guān)”。
17. sensory sense (感覺) + -ory
18. striking 構(gòu)詞：strike + -ing
詞族：strike, striking, stricken
19. crowd 基本義：擠滿
詞塊：a crowd of / crowds of
派生詞：crowded (詞塊 be crowed with)
adj 渴望的；熱切的 (keen)：
His classes were crowded with eager students.
① (be) eager to do sth:
Most students are eager to try something new. 2023 新課標(biāo)改
② (be) eager for sth:
He is eager for success.
eagerly adv 渴望地；熱切地
eagerness n [U] 渴望；熱切
eager
搖滾樂的英語為什么是 Rock’n’Roll呢？
roll
rock’n’roll中，rock的意思是“推動、撕扯、晃動。roll的詞源義是“小車輪”，與rock組合在一起構(gòu)成俗語“rocking and rolling”。17世紀(jì)之后的水手們用這句話來比喻船只的左右晃動。
1920年，“rocking and rolling”從原義上引申為指代跳舞或搖擺身體的某種運動。美國一個叫Alan Freed的電臺主持人用“The Rock and Roll Session”來描述一種融合了“rhythm and blues（節(jié)奏布魯斯）”和“country music（鄉(xiāng)村音樂）”的新音樂風(fēng)格。因為他的電臺節(jié)目極具人氣，“rock and roll”這種樂曲風(fēng)格開始流傳，越來越廣。
roll
n [C]
卷；卷軸；卷 / 筒狀物：
a toilet roll (BrE) / a roll of toilet paper
a roll of film
（正式的）名冊；名單：
a roll call
the honor roll / the roll of honor
There are 620 children on the school roll.
The teacher called / took the roll to see if any students were absent.
卷狀食品；面包卷：
spring / chicken rolls
■ vi & vt
（使）翻滾；（使）滾動：
The apples fell out of the bag and rolled everywhere.
Tears slowly rolled down her cheeks.
（使）翻身；打滾；（眼睛）轉(zhuǎn)動：
While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back.
Cassie rolled her eyes.
使成筒形 / 球形；卷：
We raced around the garden and rolled a big snowball to make a lovely snowman. 北師大新必修① – 3
There you will find xiaolongbao prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled. 2023 全國改
He rolled up his sleeves.
rolling adj［只用于名詞前］起伏的：
rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle
課文
名詞動詞化
roll 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
呈卷狀的物體
……
卷起的名單
呈卷狀的食品
卷；卷軸；卷 / 筒狀
使）翻滾；（使）滾動
使成筒形 / 球形；卷
v
n
（正式的）名冊；名單
卷狀食品；面包卷
……
……
使變成卷狀物
即“使?jié)L動”
卷
（基本義）
11月21日是“世界問候日”，是第四次中東戰(zhàn)爭（Fourth Middle East War）期間（1973年10月6日至10月26日），為促進(jìn)埃及（Egypt）與以色列（Israel）之間的和平，來自澳大利亞（Australia）的姆可馬克（McCormack）與米切爾（Michael）兩兄弟自愿宣傳并設(shè)立的。節(jié)日的意義在于向全世界祈禱和平。
不同國家的不同問候方式
greet
World Hello Day
greet vt 打招呼；問候；迎接 (welcome)：
greet the New Year
He greeted his teacher by saying “Good morning!”.
Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet the Beatles. 2019 浙江改
greet ... with
Whenever I met her, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.
詞匯拓展
greeting n
[C] & [U] 問候；致意；迎接：
They exchanged greetings (= greeted each other) and sat down to lunch.
She waved a friendly greeting.
She raised her hand in greeting.
[復(fù)數(shù)] 祝詞；賀詞；問候語：
Christmas / birthday greetings
My mother sends her greetings to you all.
翻譯歌詞：
歌曲《傳奇》中的歌詞
“只是因為在人群中多看了你一眼，再也沒能忘掉你容顏。”
crowd
僅供參考：
Just because of one more glance at you in the crowd I can’t forget your face from that moment on.
■ n [C] 人群；觀眾：
the wisdom of crowds 2023 新課標(biāo)
The crowd erupted into laughter.
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. 2022 新高考 讀后續(xù)寫
a crowd of / crowds of 一大群；很多：
After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was operating.
crowd
■ v
vt 擠滿；塞滿：
Onlookers crowded the street.
crowd a room with furniture
Memories from high school crowded his mind.
vi 聚集；涌進(jìn)；蜂擁而至：
Pupils crowded round (their teacher) to ask questions.
Thousands of people have crowded into the small town.
crowded adj 擁擠的；擠滿的；裝滿的：
a crowded road / city / railway station
The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times.
2016 全國
隨堂檢測
eager
在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. We ___________ (eager) looked forward to the day we would leave school.
2. Kate was in a hurry to grow up, eager __________ knowledge and experience.
3. As she was leaving she was eager _______ (say) goodbye to each of us in the nursing team. (2021 全國)
4. I wasn’t able to hide my ____________ (eager) when I asked, “What do you wish me to do now ” (2015 湖南)
to say
eagerness
eagerly
for
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。
1. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” to report their presence.
_____________
2. He made the honor roll means that he was on the list of the best students at school. _____________
3. The photographers had already shot a roll of film. _____________
二、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子。
1. When I was a little kid I ______________________ (滾下來) a hill and broke my leg.
2. She _________________________ (翻身) to let the sun brown her back.
3. _________________________ (卷起) your sleeves and get ready for hard work.
roll
點名
光榮榜
rolled down
rolled over
一卷膠卷
Roll up
greet
在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. It is good manners to greet each other ___________ a smile.
2. As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鵝) longing to say hello. (2022 全國)
3. Ms. Li, our English teacher, must have found it strange on Teachers’ Day: she did not receive a single ___________ (greet) cards from us students.
4. My father smiled and raised a thumb ___________ greeting.
5. I send you this short letter so as to extend my holiday ___________ (greet) to you.
with
greeted
greeting
in
greetings
crowd
一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. He left the hotel surrounded by crowds ________ journalists.
2. He found it difficult to move in the __________ (crowd) street.
3. The first underground passenger railway allowed people to avoid terrible _______ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. (2017 全國語法填空改)
二、根據(jù)所給詞塊及提示，將下列句子譯成英語。
1. 回憶涌上頭。(crowd v)
_____________________________________________________
2. 這家餐館在用餐時間總是客滿。(2016 全國) (be crowded with)
_____________________________________________________
3. 要獨立思考，不要只是人云亦云。(crowd n)
_____________________________________________________
crowded
The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times.
crowds
of
Memories crowded my mind.
Think for yourself. Don’t just follow the crowd.
隨堂檢測
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。
_________ 1. A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education.（2022 全國）
_________ 2. The noise shakes the trees as the male gorilla (大猩猩) beats his chest and charges toward me.（2018 全國改）
_________ 3. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
_________ 4. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone
_________ 5. One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension (緊張氣氛). (2014 重慶)
費用
沖
指控；控告
給……充電
充滿……
charge
二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~ 或用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。
1. I wonder if there’s a service charge ________ our meal.
2. They wanted to charge $5,000 _________ the car, but we managed to bring the price down.
3. We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should ____________ (charge) for parks.
三、根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子。
1. We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and __________ (免費的).
2. I was appointed to ____________________________________ (負(fù)責(zé)) arranging all the activities on that day. (天津 書面表達(dá))
for
for
be charged
free of charge
be in charge of / take charge of
announce
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。
1. In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores. ___________
2. But then a week before the trip, she suddenly announced that they wouldn’t take the holiday. ___________
二、空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。
1. After graduating from university in 1932, Reagan got a job as a radio sports ___________ (announce).
2. The _______________ (announce) was greeted enthusiastically.
三、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。
1. Silence, please. Mr Whte is about to _______________________ (宣布通知).
2. He said the lucky woman ____________________________ (將在網(wǎng)上公布) and the trip will be shared online. (2017 全國)
宣布
宣布 / 宣稱 / 鄭重其事地說
announcer
announcement
make an announcement
will be announced on the website
amount
一、根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。
1. If you add all these amounts together you get a huge figure.
___________
2. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million. (2017 浙江) ___________
二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。
1. I was surprised at ____________________ (工作量) I had to do.
2. I spent ____________________ (大量的時間) preparing for the exam.
達(dá)到
數(shù)目；數(shù)量
a large amount of time
the amount of work
82
一、根據(jù)句意選出 approach 的最佳釋義。
___________ 1. A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached our table.
___________ 2. It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.
___________ 3. He approached me to create and design the restaurant.
___________ 4. The temperatures are approaching 37 C.
靠近
處理
與……接洽
接近
approach
83
二、根據(jù)所給漢語用 approach 完成句子。
1. I’ d like to talk about ___________________________ (處理困難的
方法) in learning.
2. There were differences in ____________________________
_____________ (他們教育孩子的方法).
3. I expect ___________________________ (秋天的來臨).
4. There is a __________________________ (去市里的新路).
my approach to difficulties
their approach to educating
the approach of autumn
new approach to the city
their children
一、寫出下列句子中position的漢語釋義。
1. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions. (2019 全國) ______________
2. I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position, but I did manage to get a master’s degree in fine arts. (2016 全國) ______________
3. Sorry, Doctor White is out of town and I’m not in the position to give out that kind of information. ______________
職位；職務(wù)
地位
處境
position
二、用position的適當(dāng)形式填空。
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __________.
The phones all have cameras, computers and a “global-___________” something or other that’s supposed to spot me from space.
3. One can find his _________ in life in his own way.
positions
positioning
position
隨堂檢測
一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. The house belongs ______ my aunt but she doesn’t live here any more.
2. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples ___________ (belong) to two major language groups.
3. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their ___________ (belong) when they leave the car.
二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。
1. When I was a boy, I _______________ (是……的成員) the Boy Scouts (童子軍), so I used to go camping every summer.
2. In other words, gossip (閑聊) is satisfying because it gives people ________________________ (歸屬感). (2016 浙江)
belong
to
belonging
belongings
belonged to
a sense of belonging
根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，將下列句子譯成英語。
1. 艾美和她的兄弟們上周回到村子時受到了熱烈的歡迎。 (2019 天津) (被動, give sb a welcome)
________________________________________________________ when returning to the village last week.
2. 愛倫跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一樣好。(2015 陜西) (wish)
Ellen is a fantastic dancer. ___________________________________
3. 這個論壇真的幫助我提高了自信和社交能力，還有我的學(xué)習(xí)成績。(grade)
The forum has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills ______________________________.
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome
as well as
I wish I danced as well as her.
as well as my school grades
defence / defense
根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。
1. The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client (客戶). _______
2. A good diet helps build the body’s natural defences. _____________
3. The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. _____________
4. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game (2015 天津) _____________
5. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. ______________
防守
防御
辯護(hù)
天然抵抗力
為……辯護(hù) / 辯解
一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. Some light showers have been forecast (預(yù)報) since last month, but all of them have been effective in ____________ (surround) areas. (2017 全國)
2. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa ______________ (surround) a low glass-top wooden table.
3. When I headed toward the center, I found myself ______________ (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.
4. Bill Gates has historically surrounded himself ______________ smart people, and he’s famously thirsty for knowledge.
surrounding
surrounding
surrounded
with
surround
二、根據(jù)所給提示，翻譯下列句子。
1. 湖邊樹木環(huán)繞。 (被動句)
______________________________________
2. 我很快適應(yīng)了新的環(huán)境。
______________________________________
3. 要和積極向上的人在一起，他們會激勵你做得更好。(2016 浙江) (who引導(dǎo)的定語從句)
______________________________________
The lake is surrounded by trees.
I soon got used to my new surroundings.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。
___________ 1. Your achievement is something to be proud of.
___________ 2. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence.
二、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子。
1. Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel ___________ (成就感).
2. Man’s first walk on the moon was __________________________ (一項偉大的科技成就).
3. In the last few years, China has ______________________ (取得重大成就) in environmental protection. (2015 北京改)
成就
達(dá)成；完成
achievement
a sense of achievement
a great technological achievement
made great achievements
1. 這次期末考試我們?nèi)〉昧藘?yōu)異的成績。
___________________________________________
2. 李華終于實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想，考上了北京大學(xué)。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
3. 爸爸媽媽對我取得的成就感到驕傲。
___________________________________________
We achieved very good results in the final exams.
Li Hua eventually achieved his dream of going to Peking University.
三、翻譯下列句子。
My parents were proud of my achievements.
battle
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。
1. They are continuing a long-running legal battle to ask for compensation (賠償) from the government. ________
2. They won the first battle but still they lost the war. ________
3. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle — these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. ________
4. We have to battle very hard and our defense worked overtime (全力以赴) to keep us in the game. ________
官司
戰(zhàn)斗
打一場無望取勝的仗
苦戰(zhàn) / 奮戰(zhàn) / 奮力拼搏
二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。
1. They ______________________ (與……搏斗) the wind and the rain to get here.
2. They __________________ (長期作戰(zhàn)) against prejudice (偏見).
3. I realized running was _____________________________ (與自己的較量), not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. (2018 北京)
4. My father _____________________ (與……斗爭) cancer for many months.
fought a long battle
battled with / against
battled (with / against)
a battle against / with myself
隨堂檢測
寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。
1. Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. (2020 山東) ___________
2. In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. (2019 北京) ___________
3. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and respond well because someone has time for them.
___________
4. The girl has a very individual way of dressing. ___________
individual
(個) 人
單獨的 / 單個的
個人的 / 個別的
獨特的
本單元金句匯總
1. Victory belongs to the most persevering.
2. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their
dreams.
3. As well as writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
4. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you
to be better.
5. I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
6. No one can achieve anything without effort.
7. Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of
achievement.
8. A good beginning is half the battle.
9. I realized running was a battle against myself.
本單元金句匯總
1. Delivery is free of charge.
2. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.
3. A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge amount of benefit.
4. As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.
5. He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.
謝
謝
觀
賞
本單元金句匯總
1. His classes were crowded with eager students.
2. He is eager for success.
3. Tears slowly rolled down her cheeks.
4. Whenever I met her, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
5. Memories from high school crowded his mind.
Homework
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2.26 今日English作業(yè)
完成雙成U4 。

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