資源簡介

(共50張PPT)
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情境破
詞匯 1 assume vt.假定,認為;承擔(責任),就(職);呈現(xiàn),顯露
Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind...大多數(shù)人認為定
期鍛煉對身心有奇效…… (教材P16)
情景導學
We assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.我們認為,當談到腦力時,越
多一定就越好。
We assumed him to be a spy until his words proved to be true.我們假定他是間諜,直到他的話被
證實是真的。
It's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.長期以來,人
們一直認為人類祖先比尼安德特人更聰明。 (2020北京)
用法歸納
①assume (that)...假定/認為……
②It is assumed that...(人們)認為……
③assume sb./sth. 　　 ...認為某人/某物是……
詞匯拓展
①assuming conj.假設……為真;假如
assuming (that)...假設……
Even assuming that smokers do see the health warnings, I doubt whether they'll take any no-
tice.即使假設吸煙者確實看到了健康警告,我懷疑他們是否會注意。 (寫作·健康)
to be
②assumption n.假定;假設;擔任;(權力的)獲得
on the assumption that...假定……
make the assumption that...假設……
make assumptions about...對……作出假設
People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is
right, then it must be so.人們假設,如果某個重要的、受人尊敬的人說某件事是對的,那么這件
事就一定是對的。
It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower
risk of diseases.事實也證明,定期運動的人往往會有更好的免疫系統(tǒng),患病的風險較低。(教材
P16)
情景導學
Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.有些人傾向于高估,有些人傾
向于低估。 (2023新課標Ⅰ)
People who sleep in the foetal position tend towards worry and anxiety.胎兒式睡姿的人有焦慮
不安的傾向。 (China Daily)
A team of medical workers were sent to tend (to) the survivors of the earthquake.一隊醫(yī)務工作
者被派去照料地震的幸存者。
詞匯 2 tend v.往往會;趨向;照看,照料,護理
用法歸納
①tend 　　 sth.傾向于做某事,往往會做某事
②tend (to) sb./sth.照料/護理某人/某物
③tend to/　　 ...傾向于/趨于……
詞匯拓展
tendency n.傾向;趨勢
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的傾向/趨勢
It is reported that housing prices have a tendency to decrease in some cities.據(jù)報道,房價在一
些城市有下降的趨勢。
to do
towards
Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.鍛煉身體可以幫助你減
輕壓力,克服消極情緒。(教材P16)
情景導學
After vaccination, the death rate was reduced to 0.14 percent.接種疫苗后,死亡率降到了0.1
4%。
With their parents passing away, they were reduced to begging in the streets.由于他們的父母去
世了,他們淪落到沿街乞討。
When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he
was reduced to tears.當他看到河中升起的薄霧和山頂周圍柔軟的云時,他流淚了。 (2020全
國Ⅲ)
詞匯 3 reduce vt.減少,縮小;使陷入;迫使
用法歸納
①be reduced 　　 ...減少到……
②be reduced by...減少了……
③be reduced 　　 (doing) sth.陷入某種境地;淪落到做某事
詞匯拓展
reduction n.減少;降低;縮小
Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.不知何故,這
些論據(jù)和推理導致了錯誤的全面減少。 (2023新課標Ⅰ)
to　
to
Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve
your body's range of movement.柔韌性訓練,包括體操和太極拳,有助于舒展肌肉,增大肢體
活動范圍。 (教材P17)
情景導學
Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.高
質量的教學是廣泛的大學成果的最重要的預測因素之一。(2023北京)
The price of the house is so high that it is outside our price range.這所房子的價格太高,超出了
我們的價格范圍。
The colours of the flowers range from bright yellows to brownish yellows, showing that the flow-
ers are at different stages of life.花的顏色包括從亮黃色到棕黃色之間的各種黃色,表明這些花
處于生命的不同階段。
詞匯 4 range n.(變動或浮動的)范圍,界限,區(qū)間;一系列;視覺(或聽覺)范圍 vi.變動,
變化;包括(從……到……)之間的各類事物
用法歸納
①a wide range 　　 各種各樣的……
②within/in range (of...) 在(……)可及的范圍內;在(……的)視覺(或聽覺)范圍內
③out of range (of...) 超出(……的)范圍;在(……的)視覺(或聽覺)范圍之外
④the age/price/temperature range年齡/價格/溫度范圍
⑤in/　　 the range在范圍內/外
⑥range from...　　 ...在……到……范圍內變動;包括從……到……之間的各類事物
⑦range between...and...在……到……范圍內變動
of　
outside　
to
To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exer-
cising.為了防止軟組織受傷,運動時你一定要穿合適的衣服,戴合適的裝備。 (教材P17)
情景導學
It's possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even
prevent them from developing dementia.在中年時期改善人們的心血管健康可能會延緩甚至
防止他們患上癡呆癥。 (2022浙江1月)
用法歸納
prevent sb./sth. (from)　　 sth.阻止/阻礙某人/某物做某事
詞匯 5 prevent vt.阻止,阻礙
doing
詞匯拓展
①prevention n.預防;防止;防范
We should attach great importance to pollution prevention and control, and improve the living
and working environment for our people.我們應高度重視污染防治,改善人民生活和工作環(huán)
境。(China Daily)
②preventable adj.可預防的;可防止的
preventable diseases可預防的疾病
③“阻止某人做某事”的其他表達:
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.(from不能省略)
Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the week-
days.其他人在周末的時候鍛煉身體數(shù)小時以彌補他們在工作日期間缺少的鍛煉。 (教材P19)
情景導學
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treat-
ment.后來,他在非洲工作,在那里許多人由于缺乏適當?shù)闹委煻鳌?2020江蘇)
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they
need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.在太空中,由于缺乏重力,宇航員
的骨骼和肌肉會變得非常弱,所以他們需要每天鍛煉,這將有助于他們保持健康。
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape can be quite a chal-
lenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.生活在艾奧瓦州并試圖成為一
名專門拍攝風景的攝影師可能是一個相當大的挑戰(zhàn),主要是因為這個玉米州缺乏地理變異。
(2023全國乙)
詞匯 6 lack n.缺乏,匱乏,短缺 vt.& vi.沒有,缺乏,不足,短缺
用法歸納
①　　 lack of...因為缺乏……
②(the/　　 ) lack of...缺乏……
③lack (in)...缺乏……
詞匯拓展
lacking adj.沒有的;缺乏的
be lacking in=be short of缺少……
Although she is rich in knowledge, she is lacking in practical experience.雖然她知識豐富,但
是她缺少實踐經(jīng)驗。
for
a
When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated.當我的朋
友第一次建議我們加入學校新開的太極拳俱樂部時,我猶豫了。 (教材P25)
情景導學
Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.如果你還有什么問題,盡管向我們
求助。 (寫作·結束語)
—Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
—That's it. He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
——蒂姆很難作出決定。
——正是如此。他還在猶豫是否接受這份工作。 (2020天津5月)
用法歸納
①hesitate 　　 sth.做某事有顧慮
②hesitate 　　 /over...對……猶豫不決
詞匯 7 hesitate v.猶豫,遲疑;顧慮
to do　
about
詞匯拓展
①hesitation n.猶豫
without hesitation毫不猶豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不猶豫地做某事
Hearing the cry for help, she jumped into the water without hesitation and swam towards the
struggling boy.聽到呼救聲后,她毫不猶豫地跳進水里,向掙扎的男孩游去。(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)
②hesitant adj.猶豫的;躊躇的;不情愿的
be hesitant about (doing) sth.對(做)某事猶豫不決
be hesitant to do sth.不愿做某事
What he had done made his friends hesitant to invite him to the party.他的所作所為讓他的朋
友們不愿意邀請他參加聚會。
③hesitantly adv.遲疑地,躊躇地
After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi.然而,在第一節(jié)
課之后,我不得不承認我對太極拳有錯誤的認識。 (教材P25)
情景導學
A survey of British workers found 15% of workers who admitted (to) making up an illness to get
a day off used a migraine as their excuse.一項針對英國員工的調查發(fā)現(xiàn),15%的承認為請一天
假而裝病的員工用偏頭痛當借口。 (China Daily)
Being admitted to the university is just the beginning and you will have a long way to go.被大學
錄取只是開始,你將有很長的路要走。 (寫作·人生規(guī)劃)
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.有一天,我聽說他因為
嚴重的疾病住院了。(2022浙江1月)
詞匯 8 admit v.承認;招認;準許進入;準許加入;接收入院;收治
用法歸納
①admit (to sb.) that...(向某人)承認……
②admit (to) 　　 sth.承認做某事
③be admitted 　　 /into...被……錄取;被準許進入……;被接收入院
④It is/was generally admitted that...普遍認為……
詞匯拓展
admission n.承認;入場費;準許加入
admission prices票價
gain admission to...獲準加入……
My sister succeeded in gaining admission to the university of her choice at last.我姐姐最終成
功地被她選擇的大學錄取了。
doing　
to
Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it.同
樣重要的是,練太極拳激勵我探索太極拳背后的中國文化。 (教材P25)
情景導學
The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.尼爾森的
叔叔所贏得的欽佩和尊重激勵了他從事演藝事業(yè)。 (2021浙江)
Because she inspired confidence in me, I've become a successful reporter.因為她激發(fā)了我的
信心,我成了一個成功的記者。
詞匯 9 inspire vt.激勵,鼓舞;啟發(fā)思考;使產生(感覺或情感)
用法歸納
①inspire sb. 　　 sth.激勵某人做某事
②inspire sth. 　　 sb.=inspire sb. with sth.使某人產生某種感覺或情感
詞匯拓展
①inspired adj.品質優(yōu)秀的;能力卓越的;借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的
②inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
His speech was inspiring and touched the audience's hearts.他的發(fā)言鼓舞人心,觸動了觀眾
的心。
③inspiration n.啟發(fā)靈感的人(或事物);靈感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我
們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。
to do　
in
高頻詞匯積累
詞匯 釋義 用法& 拓展
congratulation n.祝賀,恭喜;賀辭;恭賀 Congratulations!祝賀!/恭喜!
congratulations on sth.祝賀某事
congratulate vt.祝賀;向……道賀
congratulate sb. on...就……向某人道賀
routine n.常規(guī),慣例 adj.常規(guī)的,例行
的;乏味的 daily routine日常生活　　
as a matter of routine按照慣例;
定期break/follow the routine打破/遵守常規(guī)
a routine check常規(guī)檢查　
a routine job乏味的工作
change your routine every other month每隔一個月改變一下你的習慣(2023浙江1月)
-ine作形容詞后綴時,表示“……的;與……有關的;屬于……的”。如:marine海的,海產的,海生的;genuine真的,誠實的;feminine女性的,陰性的
stick with 持續(xù),堅持 If you make a plan, then stick with it.如果你制訂了計劃,那就堅持下去。
stick to堅持;遵守,信守
stick to a traditional diet 堅持傳統(tǒng)飲食(2023全國乙)
energy n.能,能量;精力;能源 full of energy充滿活力apply/devote one's energies to...把精力花在……上
the concept of solar energy太陽能的概念(2023浙江1月)
energetic adj.精力充沛的,充滿活力的
energetically adv.精力充沛地
average n.平均水平,一般水準 adj.平均的;典型的;普通的v.平均為 on average平均
above/below average高于/低于平均水平
an average price平均價格
make up for 彌補,補償 They increase their efficiency, trying to make up for lost time.
他們提高效率,試圖彌補失去的時間。
make up 化妝;形成,構成;編造(故事、謊言等);鋪床
make up (with sb.)與某人和解
injury n.傷害,損傷 do sb. an injury=do an injury to sb.使某人受傷
injure vt.傷害;損害　　injured adj.受傷的　　
the injured傷員
-y置于一些動詞后構成名詞。如:apology道歉;inquiry詢問
equipment n.設備;配備,裝備 a piece of equipment一件設備
equip v.配備;裝備;使有所準備;使有能力
be equipped with...裝備……;配備……
equip sb. for sth.使某人能勝任某事物
-ment作名詞后綴,表示“……的行為(或結果)”。如:
movement運動;improvement改善;argument爭論,論點;
announcement宣布
announce vt.宣布,宣告;通知 announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事　　
announce that...宣布……
It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.通知說我要坐的火車十分鐘后到達。(2023新課標Ⅰ)
announcement n.公告,通告;宣布,宣告
make an announcement發(fā)布通告　　
announcer n.廣播員,播音員
update vt.使現(xiàn)代化,更新;向……提供最新信息 n.最新消息 update the software更新軟件update sb. on sth.向某人提供關于某事的最新信息
a news update最新新聞報道
updated information from official stadium websites來自官方體育場網(wǎng)站的更新的信息
(2021全國乙)
in response to 對……作出反應;作為對……的回復 in response to a deep-rooted urge為了回應根深蒂固的沖動 (2023北京)
replace vt.用……替換;代替,取代;更
換,更新 replace A with/by B 用B替換A
In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.在春天,雪被冰面上的泥取代。(2022全國乙)
replacement n.替換,更換;替代品
a knee replacement operation膝關節(jié)置換術(2021全國乙)
replaceable adj.可替換的;可代替的
irreplaceable adj.不可替代的
前綴re-可表示“又,再,重新”。如:reunite(使)重逢,再次相聚;reapply再次申請;rebuild重建
nearby adj.附近的,鄰近的 adv.在附近,不遠 She likes to go to a nearby store.她喜歡去附近的商店。(2021浙江)
A machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.一個響鈴的機器變成了一輛經(jīng)過附近的警車。(2021天津3月)
position n.處境;位置;姿勢;觀點;地位;
恰當位置 in position就位;在適當?shù)奈恢谩　?br/>out of position不在適當?shù)奈恢?br/>in a difficult position在艱難的處境
explore v.探究,探索;勘探,勘察 explore for...勘探……
explore the woods探索樹林(2023新課標Ⅰ)
exploration n.勘探,勘察,探索;探究,研究
oil exploration石油勘探　
the exploration of space太空探索
explorer n.勘探者,探險者
master n.大師,能手;主人 vt.精通,掌握;控制 adj.熟練的,靈巧的,有技能的 a master of...……大師/能手
be one's own master獨立自主
master a new language掌握一門新語言
a master chef熟練的廚師
satisfaction n.滿意;滿足,達到 to sb.'s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb.令某人滿意
satisfy v.使?jié)M意;使?jié)M足　
satisfy one's needs滿足某人的需求
satisfied adj.滿意的(一般修飾人)
be/feel satisfied with...對……感到滿意
satisfying adj.令人滿意的(一般修飾物)
satisfactory adj.令人滿意的
exist vi.存在;生活,生存 exist on靠……生活　　exist in存在于　　
there exist(s)…有……
existence n.存在;生活
the existence of a living system生命系統(tǒng)的存在(2023北京)
come into existence形成,產生　　
existing adj.現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)行的
breathe v.呼吸;呼出 breathe in吸氣;吸入(氣體) 　breathe out呼氣;呼出(氣體)
breath n.呼吸的空氣;一次吸入的空氣
take a deep breath深吸一口氣
breathless adj.上氣不接下氣的;目瞪口呆的
To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exer-
cising.為了防止軟組織受傷,運動時你一定要穿合適的衣服,戴合適的裝備。 (教材P17)
情景導學
Now, when (they are) having trouble in learning English, plenty of students are eager to know
how to deal with it.現(xiàn)在,當學習英語有困難的時候,很多學生渴望知道如何解決它。(寫作·學
習方法)
Have you ever joined in any training activities If so, how much time do you normally spend
practising in a week 你參加過培訓活動嗎 如果參加過,你通常一周花多少時間練習
He moved his lips as if (he was) to say something.他動了動嘴唇,仿佛要說什么。
結構 1 狀語從句的省略
經(jīng)典結構 情境破
用法歸納
①在含有時間、地點、條件、方式、比較或讓步等狀語從句的主從復合句中,當從句的主語
與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it,且從句中含有be動詞時,狀語從句可以使用省略形式,省
去主語和　　 。
②習慣表達:
if so如果是這樣
if not如果不是這樣
if necessary如果有必要
if possible如果可能的話
be動詞
Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration
from a fight between a snake and a bird.據(jù)說,13世紀的道士張三豐從蛇與鳥的搏斗中獲得了
靈感,從而發(fā)明了太極拳。 (教材P25)
情景導學
Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited a talking tree in India.據(jù)說亞歷山
大大帝和馬可·波羅曾在印度參觀過一棵會交流的樹。
The film was reported to receive good reviews overseas.據(jù)報道,這部電影在國外獲得了好評。
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is thought to be one of the greatest American stories.《湯姆·索亞
歷險記》被認為是美國最精彩的故事之一。
結構 2 主語+be+過去分詞+to...
用法歸納
①
②用于此句型的過去分詞還有reported、　　 、believed等。
結構拓展
“It+be+過去分詞+that...”可與“主語+be+過去分詞+to...”相互轉化。
It's said that history is written by the victors.
=History is said to be written by the victors.據(jù)說,歷史是由勝利者寫的。 (2021全國甲)
thought
It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended
level of sugar.
=Today's children and teenagers are believed to be consuming three times the recommended
level of sugar.人們認為,現(xiàn)在的兒童和青少年攝入的糖分是建議量的三倍。(2022全國乙)
On 18 April, 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world
mourned the loss of the brilliant scientist.
=On 18 April, 1955, Einstein was reported to have passed away, and the whole world mourned
the loss of the brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日,據(jù)報道,愛因斯坦去世了,全世界都為失去了這
位杰出的科學家而哀悼。
Sentence 1
譯文　一些研究甚至表明,鍛煉會改善大腦的某些功能,這意味著你確實可以通過鍛煉來提
高學業(yè)成績!
長難句 圖解
賓語從句　
狀語
Sentence 2
譯文　當你制訂鍛煉計劃時,首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善,是心肺功能、肌
肉力量還是柔韌性。
時間狀語從句　
后置定語　
表語從句
Sentence 3
譯文　為了避免軟組織受傷,鍛煉時你一定要穿合適的衣服,戴合適的裝備。
目的狀語
Sentence 4
譯文　讓我滿意的是,記住太極拳的這些要求后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的平衡性和柔韌性慢慢有所改
善,我能完成難度更大的動作,而且我比以前更喜愛太極拳了。
賓語從句
Sentence 5
譯文　我發(fā)現(xiàn)太極拳深深植根于中國的陰陽哲學,中國哲學認為陰和陽是既對立又統(tǒng)一的。
賓語從句
非限制性定語從句
現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
必備語法 情景破
一、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)表示某動作正在被執(zhí)行。
(一)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的構成
情景導學
Billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans.
My sister is now being interviewed by a journalist.
用法歸納
現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的結構為am/is/are being done,可用by引出動作的發(fā)出者。
(二)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的用法
情景導學1
My new house is being decorated now.
Currently, about 35,000 works are being displayed in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would
take a lifetime to see everything. (2021天津3月)
Look! The car is being repaired.
用法歸納1
表示此刻正在進行的①　　 的動作,常與now、②　　 、right now、at this moment等時
間狀語,以及“Look!”“Listen!”等祈使句連用。
被動
currently
情景導學2
The Olympic Games are being prepared now.
Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.
用法歸納2
表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動的動作,但說話時并不一定正在進行,常與now、③　　　　　
等時間狀語連用。
these days
情景導學3
The ground is always being littered with rubbish.(表厭惡)
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken.(表驚訝)
用法歸納3
表示反復進行的被動的動作,常與④　　 、frequently、constantly等詞連用,表明說話人的
贊美、厭惡、驚訝等情緒。
always
二、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示某動作已經(jīng)被完成。
(一)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構成
情景導學
This book has been translated into many languages.
People's lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
用法歸納
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結構為have/has been done,可用⑤　　 引出動作的發(fā)出者。
(二)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法
by
情景導學1
Tom's novel has not been published yet.
The sports meeting has been put off until next Friday.
用法歸納1
表示被動的動作發(fā)生在過去,強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,常與yet、already等詞連用。
情景導學2
The area has been searched for days.
The child has been looked after by his grandma so far.
Since then, the book has been published in at least 67 languages and 31 million copies have been
sold.
用法歸納2
表示被動的動作開始于過去,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常與⑥　　　　
、up to now、till now、in the past/last few days/years以及“⑦　　 +時間點”、since引
導的時間狀語從句、“⑧　　 +時間段”連用。
so far
since
for
即時鞏固
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.It is reported that the tomb in Henan 　　　　 (dig) now.
2.Look! The children 　　　　 (feed) by their aunt.
3.Many houses 　 　　　 (build) in the past ten years.
4.As you can see, many trees 　　　　 (cut) down by humans now.
5.No books 　　 　　 (buy) since last week.
6.The old man 　 　　　 (tend) for twenty years.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.窗戶很臟,因為好幾個星期沒擦了。
The window is dirty because it　　　 　　　　 　　　 for weeks.
is being dug
are being fed
have been built
are being cut
have been bought
has been tended
hasn't
been
cleaned
2.(人們)正在做很多工作以保護野生動物。
Much work 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 to protect wildlife.
3.誰正在為了即將到來的英語演講比賽接受訓練
Who 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 for the coming English speech contest
4.為了豐富同學們的課余生活,我們學校正在舉辦一場學生國畫作品展。
In order to enrich students' after-school life, an exhibition of students' traditional Chinese
paintings 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 .
is
being
done
is
being
trained
is
being
held
by
our
school

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