資源簡介

(共65張PPT)
It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures.它也是世界
上最具種族多樣性的國家之一,有著豐富多樣的文化。(教材P2)
情景導學
The two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.這兩個建議截然不同。
用法歸納
be distinct　　 ...與……不同
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情景破
詞匯 1 distinct adj.截然不同的,有區別的,不同種類的;清楚的,清晰的;確切的
from
詞匯拓展
①distinguish v.區分;使出眾
distinguish A from B/between A and B 把A和B區分開
distinguish oneself 享有盛名
At what age are you able to distinguish between right and wrong 你到什么年齡才能明辨是非
②distinguished adj.著名的;卓越的;有尊嚴的
be distinguished for...因……而著名
Although Yuan Longping has passed away, we all know his distinguished achievements in the
area of hybrid rice.雖然袁隆平去世了,但我們都知道他在雜交水稻領域的杰出成就。(寫作·
人物介紹)
③distinctly adv.明顯地;清楚地;確切地
④distinction n.區別;卓越,優秀;不同凡響
But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear.但是,對小時候的我們來說
很明顯的區別變得不清楚了。
Apart from its geographical diversity, Canada's many rural areas and urban centers reflect the di-
versity of its residents.除了其在地理上的多樣性,加拿大的許多農村地區和城市中心還反映
了其居民的多樣性。(教材P2)
詞匯 2 apart from除了……外(還),此外;除了……外(都),要不是
apart from 除了……外(都) [近]but,except, except for
除了……外(還) [近]besides, in addition to, as well as
易混辨析
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidental-
ly or deliberately twisted.除了雙方誤解的問題外,還有一些勝利是無意或故意扭曲的。(2023
全國乙)
詞匯拓展
apart adv.除外;成碎片;分離,分開;相距,相隔
fall apart破碎;破裂;崩潰
tear apart撕毀;使四分五裂;使(關系密切的人)分離
tell...apart區分……
He didn't make himself understood so he fell apart and cried out suddenly.他沒能讓別人理解
他的意思,所以他崩潰了,突然大叫起來。(讀后續寫·情緒描寫)
...while the minority groups include...……而少數族裔包括…… (教材P3)
情景導學
Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the minority.調查顯示該條約的支持者
仍占少數。
Democracy is a right that all people around the world enjoy, not a privilege owned by a small mi-
nority of countries.民主是全世界所有人都享有的權利,而不是極少數國家擁有的特權。
(China Daily)
詞匯 3 minority n.少數民族,少數群體;少數,少數人
用法歸納
①a/the minority 　　 ...少數……
②be 　　 the/a minority占少數;成為少數派
詞匯拓展
①minor adj.較小的;次要的;輕微的 n.未成年人;輔修課程 v.輔修
minor in輔修
②major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修課程;少校 v.主修
major in主修
He went to university and majored in computer programming.他上大學了,主修計算機編程。
③majority n.大多數
be in the/a majority占大多數
a/the majority of...大多數/大部分……
of
in
However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.然而,大多數人
之所以是有影響力的演講者,是因為他們接受訓練。 (2020新高考Ⅰ)
特別提醒
(1)the majority of后接名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數取決于介詞of后的名詞,如果其為復
數名詞,則謂語動詞用復數,如果其為單數名詞或不可數名詞,則謂語動詞用單數。
The majority of the cake has gone bad.蛋糕的大部分都壞了。
As we know, the majority of China's surrounding countries are its trading partners.眾所周知,
大多數中國附近的國家是它的貿易伙伴。
(2)the majority作主語時,如果強調整體,謂語動詞用單數,如果強調其中的個體,謂語動詞則用
復數。
To our joy, only a small number of people voted against it, and the majority were for it.令我們
高興的是,只有少數人投了反對票,大多數人贊成這件事。
情景助記

　　From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers...從高聳
的山峰到森林深處,再到城市中心…… (教材P3)
詞匯 4 depth n.最深處;深(度);深刻;深厚
情景導學
Oil was found at a depth of 300 metres.在300米深處找到了石油。
I haven't looked at the paper in depth yet.我還沒有細看這份論文。
Tom felt totally out of his depth in his new job.湯姆感到根本不能勝任他的新工作。
用法歸納
①　　 depth全面;深入;詳細
②　　　　　 one's depth力所不及的;理解不了的
③　　 a depth of...在……深處
詞匯拓展
①deep adj.深的;縱深的;低沉的;深切的 adv.深深地
Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and pulled out a Snickers.麥加在背包里仔細翻找,掏出一
塊士力架。(讀后續寫·動作描寫)
②deepen v.(使)變深;加深
It's an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials.這是
一個加深你對課程材料要點的理解的機會。 (2022北京)
in
out of
at
③deeply adv.極其;深深地,深刻地
Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.只有當一個地方的
風景、文化或食物深深吸引著你的時候才去。 (2024新課標Ⅱ)
The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too,
which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.旅游必需品如交通工具、住宿和
食物的價格通常也會上漲,這給周邊社區帶來了甚至更多的財富。 (教材P6)
情景導學
Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low im-
pact on the natural environment.那里的活動包含從觀賞鯨魚到遠足,膳宿力求對自然環境產生
很低的影響。(2021全國乙)
詞匯 5 accommodation n.住處;辦公處;住宿
詞匯拓展
accommodate v.為(某人)提供住宿(或膳宿、座位等);容納;考慮到;給……提供方便;順應,適應
accommodate to...順應……
The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too,
which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.旅游必需品如交通工具、住宿和
食物的價格通常也會上漲,這給周邊社區帶來了甚至更多的財富。(教材P6)
詞匯拓展
①surroundings n.環境(指周圍的環境)
She felt uneasy in the unfamiliar surroundings,because the people around her made her ner-
vous.她在陌生的環境中感到局促不安,因為周圍的人令她緊張。(讀后續寫·心理描寫)
詞匯 6 surrounding adj.周圍的,附近的
②surround v.圍繞;包圍
surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.使某人/某物包圍某人/某物
surround oneself with sb./sth.喜歡結交某類人;喜歡身邊總有某類東西或人
be surrounded by/with...被……圍繞
The professor loves to surround himself with his students.那位教授喜歡和他的學生們在一起。
Surrounded by the sea on three sides, Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in
China.青島三面環海,被認為是中國最宜居的城市之一。
　　More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be great-
ly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.更多以自然風光為主、人與自然和諧相
詞匯 7 harmony n.融洽,和睦;和諧
處的旅游景點會因為大量游客的涌入而受到巨大影響甚至遭到破壞。 (教材P6)
情景導學
People need to live in harmony with nature and conserve the environment.人們有必要與大自然
和諧共處并保護環境。(寫作·保護環境)
We moved on, and all of us lived happily in harmony ever after.我們繼續前進,從此我們所有人
都過上了幸福和諧的生活。
China's environmental protection industry is expected to embrace development opportunities as
the country strives to promote harmony between humanity and nature.隨著中國努力促進人與自
然和諧相處,中國環保產業有望迎來發展機遇。 (China Daily)
用法歸納
①　　 harmony和睦地;和諧地
②be/live in harmony 　　 ...與……和諧/和睦共存
詞匯拓展
①harmonious adj.和諧的;協調的
The weather gradually improved. The sky and the sea here made a harmonious picture.天氣逐
漸好轉。這兒的天空和大海構成了一幅和諧的畫面。(讀后續寫·環境描寫)
②inharmonious adj.不和諧的;不協調的
③harmoniously adv.和諧地;協調地
in
with
When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption...在酒店
詞匯 8 consumption n.消耗,消耗量;消費;食用,飲用
時,我們可以通過減少水的消耗來降低我們的影響……
(教材P7)
情景導學
The consumption of alcohol on the premises is forbidden.營業場所內禁止飲酒。
We also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption.我們還需要對我們的信
息消費更加深思熟慮。 (2024浙江1月)
用法歸納
①the consumption 　　 ...……的消耗/食用/飲用
②energy/fuel consumption能源/燃料消耗
詞匯拓展
①consume v.消耗;消費;吃;喝;使充滿(強烈的感情)
be consumed with...充滿(某種強烈的感情)
He was consumed with guilt after the accident.事故發生后,他深感內疚。(讀后續寫·心理描寫)
②consumer n.消費者
Consumers prefer money off individual items.消費者更喜歡單品打折。 (2024浙江1月)
③consuming adj.強烈的;重要的;令人著迷的
of
　　The colours of the dunes contrasted strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky.沙丘的顏色
與無云的天空的藍色形成鮮明的對比。 (教材P11)
情景導學
If you contrast some of her early writings with/and her later works, you will see how much she
has improved.如果你對比一下她早期的一些文章和她后期的作品,你就會看出她的進步有多大。
The white walls make a strong contrast with the black carpet.白色的墻與黑色的地毯形成了強
烈的對比。
And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is moni-
tored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
詞匯 9 contrast vi.形成對比 vt.對比,對照 n.差異,差別;對照物
在我們日益網絡化的生活中,我們所消費的信息被監控和跟蹤,與之相反,印刷書籍仍然提供
了一個完全私人的“離線”活動的機會。(2023新課標Ⅱ)
Most people work because it's unavoidable.By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy
work.大多數人工作是因為那是不可避免的。相比之下,有一些人是真的喜歡工作。
用法歸納
①contrast A with/　　 B 對比A和B
②in/　　 contrast相比之下
③in/by contrast 　　 /with...和……形成對比
④make a contrast 　　 ...與……形成對比
⑤a/the contrast between A and B A和B之間的差異
詞匯拓展
contrastive adj.作對比研究的
and
by
to
with
　　I was starving and rushed to put a steak on the barbecue.我餓極了,趕緊把一塊牛排放在烤
架上。 (教材P11)
詞匯 10 starve v.(使)餓死,(使)挨餓;使極其缺乏
情景導學
They tried to starve the army into giving in.他們試圖斷絕軍隊的食物來源以迫使其投降。
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.他們在沙漠中迷了路,餓死了。
The orphans are starved of care, which makes them feel sad.那些孤兒缺乏關懷,這讓他們感到
悲傷。
用法歸納
①starve 　　 death餓死
②be starved 　　 ... 缺乏/急需……
③be starving/starved餓得很,快餓死了
④starve sb. 　　 (doing) sth.斷絕食物(或資金)來源以迫使某人做某事
詞匯拓展
starvation n.饑餓;挨餓
die of/from starvation餓死
These people face the increased risk of starvation and disease.這些人面臨著增加的饑餓和患
病的風險。
to
of
into
A few days after our departure from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.
我們離開營地幾天后,我們的車完全陷在泥里了。 (教材P12)
情景導學
We had received no news of him since his departure from our school.自從他離開我們學校后,我
們沒收到過他的消息。
Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases and camping equipment in-
to the car and bravely drove off.終于,出發的時刻到了,我們把行李箱和露營裝備裝進車里,勇
敢地開車離開了。(讀后續寫·動作描寫)
The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.時刻表上列出的是出發
時間,不是到達時間。 (2023浙江1月)
詞匯 11 departure n.離開,起程;背離;違反
用法歸納
①departure 　　 ...離開……,從……起程
②the departure time/date出發時間/起程日期
詞匯拓展
depart v.離開,離去,起程,出發;離職;背離
depart for...去往……
depart from...離開……;違反,背離(常規)
In the morning Mr. Clark departed for New York.克拉克先生早上起程去了紐約。
Flights for Paris depart from Terminal 1.飛往巴黎的班機從1號航站樓出發。
from
I returned to the car and fetched more possessions.我回到車上,又拿了些物品。 (教材P12)
情景導學
Those buildings are now in the possession of our university.現在那些樓房歸我們大學所有。
On landing on the new land, the invaders took possession of the land of the locals.侵略者一登上
那片新陸地就占領了當地人的土地。
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before
boarding.所有使用TransLink服務的旅客,在上車前必須持有有效車票。(2020全國Ⅰ)
詞匯 12 possession n.私人物品,個人財產;具有,擁有
用法歸納
①take possession 　　 ...占有……,擁有……
②be 　　 possession of sth.擁有某物(主語為人)
③be in 　　 possession of sb.=be in sb.'s possession被某人擁有(主語為物)
詞匯拓展
①possess v.有,擁有;具有(特質);(情感、觀點等)支配,控制(不用于進行時態)
be possessed of...具有(某種品質、能力等)
be possessed by...被……控制/支配/影響
The ability to judge others' intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which
was once thought to be unique to humans.判斷他人意圖的能力是擁有“心智理論”的一個指
標,這曾經被認為是人類所獨有的。 (2023天津)
of
in
the
②possessor n.所有者;持有人
特別提醒
possession表示“私人物品,個人財產”時常用復數形式。
This book is among my most treasured possessions.這本書是我最珍貴的財產之一。
詞匯 釋義 用法& 拓展
carve vt.侵蝕,沖刷;雕,刻;把……切成塊;艱苦創業(生義) carve...from/out of...用……雕刻……carve...in/into...把……雕成……carve up sth.瓜分/分割某事物
mighty adj.巨大的,非凡的;強而有力的 adv.非常;很 high and mighty 趾高氣揚的
mightily adv.非常;全力以赴地might n.強大力量;威力;勢力 powerful adj.強有力的
sample vt.嘗,品嘗,體驗;嘗試;抽樣檢驗 n.樣本,樣品;取樣 I sampled French cooking for the first time.我第一次品嘗法國菜。
sampler n.采樣器,取樣器;樣品檢驗員
高頻詞匯積累
off the beatentrack 不落俗套,打破常規;遠離鬧市,偏遠 His farm is off the beaten track.他的農場在偏僻的地
方。
sustain vt.使保持,使穩定持續;維持;遭受,蒙受(生義) sustain damage/an injury/a defeat遭受損失/受傷/遭到失敗sustaining Chinese culinary traditions延續中國的烹飪傳統(2023天津3月)
sustainable adj.可持續的sustained adj.持久的;持續的
manner n.方式,方法;(文學或藝術的)風格;舉止;態度;(manners)禮貌,禮儀;規矩;習俗 in a(n)...manner以……方式in the manner of...以……的典型風格have a friendly/relaxed manner帶著一副友好的/悠閑的樣子have good/bad manners有/沒有禮貌
come down to 可歸結為,可歸納為 come down崩塌;落下;下降come about發生come across (偶然)遇見,發現;被理解come true 實現,成為現實come up with提出;想出come up長出地面;升起;發生;被提及(沒有被動語態)come out出版,發表;顯示,顯出;出現;開花come along進步,進展;到達;跟隨;(用于命令)趕快
make one's way to 去,前往 make way for...給……讓路;讓……通過on the/one’s way在路上;即將去(或來) in the/one’s way擋道;妨礙in no way絕不(位于句首時句子要部分倒裝)
resolution n.決心,決定;決議;解決,消除 make a resolution to do sth.決定做某事
resolute adj.堅決的;有決心的resolve v.解決(問題、困難等);決心,決定;作出決議n.決心resolve on (doing) sth.決定做某事 determination n.決心settlement n.解決
-ion/-tion/-ation表示行為、過程或狀態。如:discussion討論;action行動;invention發明;instruction指導;introduction介紹,引進;conservation 保存,保護
beat down (陽光)強烈照射,曝曬 beat down on...(陽光)強烈照射……
The sun beat down on the hikers on the top of the hill.太陽強烈照射著在山頂上的徒步旅行者。beat down sth.砸開/砸破某物
fetch vt.(去)拿來,(去)請來;售得,賣得(某價)(生義) fetch sb. sth.給某人拿某物 fetch help/a doctor去求助/去
請醫生 fetch up偶然來到;意外到達 And then, a few years later, he somehow fetched up in Rome.然后,幾年后,他不知怎么地到了羅馬。
經典結構 情景破
結構 1 介詞短語或副詞位于句首引起的完全倒裝
To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks
and deep valleys carved by ice and water.太平洋海岸向東聳立著巍峨的落基山脈,這里有高聳
的山峰和被冰川水流侵蝕而成的深谷。(教材P2)
情景導學
Here comes the bus!公交車來了!
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.約翰打開門,一位他之前從來
沒見過的女孩站在那兒。(讀后續寫·情節描寫)
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone.然而,在簡潔的風
格背后,是向每個人傳達的嚴肅信息。 (2023全國甲)
用法歸納
①表示　　 (here、there等)、方向(out、in、up、down、away等)、時間(now、then、
next等)的詞或表示地點的介詞短語位于句首且句子的主語是名詞而不是代詞時,往往用完
全倒裝。
②there引出完全倒裝句,除了最常見的there be句型外,there還可以接　　 、appear、exist、
lie、remain等,一般譯成“有”。
結構拓展
①分詞短語位于句首時,句子也常用完全倒裝。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about three.躺在地上的是一個大約三歲的男孩。
Seated in the front were the school leaders waiting for the opening ceremony.坐在前排的是等
待開幕式的校領導們。
地點
stand
②“表語+系動詞+主語”結構也是一種完全倒裝,表語后的系動詞應與其后的主語在人稱
和數上保持一致。
Present at the meeting were experts on meteorology.出席會議的是氣象學專家。
Absent from the meeting was Alan, who had something urgent to deal with.艾倫沒有參加會
議,他有急事要處理。
Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures, languages, cuisine, architecture, art and mu-
sic will define your encounter.如果你發現自己置身于這些亞文化中的一種,那么(它的)語言、
飲食、建筑、美術和音樂都會說明你邂逅的是何種文化。 (教材P3)
情景導學
Should you have any queries, please contact me without hesitation.如果你有任何疑問,請果斷與
我聯系。
Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.如果他趕上了早上
的火車,他開會就不會遲到了。
Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.要不是
老師們的支持,這個學生就無法克服她的困難。
結構 2 省略if的虛擬條件句
用法歸納
當if引導虛擬條件從句時,若從句中含有should、were、had,可以省略if,將should、were、had
提到主語　　 ,形成部分倒裝。
前面
　
　　When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not
having our bedding and towels washed every day.在酒店時,我們可以通過減少水的消耗和不讓
人每天洗我們的床上用品及毛巾來降低我們的影響。 (教材P7)
情景導學
I had my wallet stolen on the bus yesterday. 昨天我的錢包在公共汽車上被偷了。
I don't like to wash clothes, so I always have my clothes washed.我不喜歡洗衣服,所以我總是請
人給我洗衣服。
Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.18歲以下
的志愿者必須在家長/監護人同意部分簽字。(2024新課標Ⅰ)
結構 3 have sth. done結構
用法歸納
have sth. done結構有兩種含義:
①表示讓某事　　 (主語讓別人做或自己也參與其中)。
②表示主語遭遇某種不幸或蒙受某種損失。
結構拓展
①have sb. do sth.讓某人做某事
Don't worry. I'll have Tom help you finish the work.別擔心,我會讓湯姆幫助你完成這項工
作。
②have sb./sth. doing sth.讓某人/某物一直做某事,使某人/某物保持某種狀態
③can't/won't have sb. doing sth.不能容忍/允許某人做某事
I can't have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immedi-
被做
ately.我不允許你用粗魯的方式跟你的媽媽說話。你必須立刻向她道歉。
④have sth. to do有某事要做(不定式作定語)
There were five similar huts, all lined up facing Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in
Africa.有五間類似的小屋,全都排成一排,面向非洲最高山脈——乞力馬扎羅山。 (教材P12)
情景導學
The class over, the students came to the playground.下課了,學生們來到了操場上。
Weather permitting, the party will be held in the garden.如果天氣允許的話,聚會將在花園里舉
行。
Many people come to visit the city, some of them foreigners.很多人來參觀這個城市,其中一些
是外國人。
The little boy entered the room, his face red with cold.小男孩進入房間,臉凍紅了。
結構 4 獨立主格結構
Jim was watching a movie, all his attention fixed on it.吉姆正在看電影,所有的注意力都集中在
電影上面。
I shouted,my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.我大喊,我的聲音在這個封
閉的空間里聽起來大得不自然。(2021浙江1月)
用法歸納
①獨立主格結構獨立存在,一般用逗號與句子其他部分隔開,其與句子其他部分之間不使用
任何連詞。
②獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語　　 。
③獨立主格結構的構成形式:名詞(短語)/代詞+　 　　　 /動詞不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語。
④獨立主格結構在句中通常作時間、原因、　　 、方式、伴隨狀語。
不同
分詞（短語）
條件
Sentence 1
譯文　加拿大就像一朵盛開的花,綻放著令人驚嘆的美麗和豐富來贏得那些享受它所能提供
的東西的人的心。
長難句 圖解
賓語
Sentence 2
譯文　加拿大最早的一些移民被認為是原住民的祖先,他們從現在被稱為西伯利亞的地方通
過陸橋跨越了白令海峽。
后置定語
Sentence 3
譯文　最后,如果你想尋找一些不尋常的地方,可以游覽新斯科舍省的布雷頓角島,在那里你
可以隨著小提琴的曲調跳舞,享受凱爾特移民的文化和傳統。
非限制性定語
Sentence 4
譯文　當我久久地看著路邊的黃色標志時,一個小男孩帶著一群吵鬧的山羊走過,標志上面
寫著我們正在進入一個“脆弱的自然環境”。
時間狀語
非限制性定語從句
一、非限制性定語從句的概述
情景導學
All the books here,which contain beautiful pictures, were written by him.這兒所有的書都是他
寫的,書里面有漂亮的圖畫。
This class, all of whom have got tickets, will go to the theatre this morning.這個班級的所有人都
拿到了票,今天上午他們將去看戲。
必備語法 情景破
用法歸納
　　非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關系不密切,它的作用是提供附加的而非必要的信息,只
是對先行詞作進一步的解釋、補充或說明,與先行詞之間常用①　　 隔開。若去掉此定語
從句,句子的大意仍然明確,不會引起誤解和太大的歧義。
逗號
二、非限制性定語從句的引導詞
情景導學
The earth goes around the sun, as we all know.眾所周知,地球繞著太陽轉。
Charles Smith,who was my former teacher, retired last year.查爾斯·史密斯去年退休了,他曾是
我的老師。
Daisy,whose paper was published last month, is my best friend.戴西是我最好的朋友,在上個月
發表了她的論文。
Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada,where he had stayed for two years.昨天,吉米動身去了加拿大,
他曾在那兒待過兩年。
We will put off the meeting until next week, when we won't be so busy.我們將把會議推遲到下
個星期,那時我們就不會這么忙了。
I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, some of whom are from abroad.我邀請
了一百多位朋友參加宴會,他們中的一些人來自國外。
用法歸納
(1)非限制性定語從句的引導詞分為關系代詞(which、who、whom、whose、as)和關系副詞
(when、where),在從句中常作主語、賓語、定語以及②　　 。
(2)在非限制性定語從句中,whom、which前面可以加some/many/most/all of等修飾詞,表示整
體中的部分或所有。
特別提醒
(1)在非限制性定語從句中不能用that,指人時應當用who/whom,指物時用which。
(2)指人和指物的關系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不能省略。指人且跟在介詞后面
作介詞的賓語時只能用whom而不能用who。
(3)非限制性定語從句不能用why引導,應用for which代替why。
狀語
三、as和which引導非限制性定語從句時的區別
情景導學
Tigers, as we all know, belong to the cat family.眾所周知,老虎屬于貓科。
The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.出乎我們意料的
是,結果天氣非常好。
I'm taking exercise to lose weight,which is quite popular among young women here.我正在通過
鍛煉減肥,這在這兒的年輕女性中很受歡迎。
用法歸納
(1)as和which引導非限制性定語從句的區別可歸納為三個“不同”:
as which
意義不同 意為“③　　 ” 意為“這(些),這一點”
指代內容不同 as指代整個主句或主句的一部分 which可指代主句中的某個單詞或短語,也可指代整個主句或主句的一部分
位置不同 as引導的非限制性定語從句可位于主句前、主句中或主句后 which引導的非限制性定語從句不能位于④　　 ,只能位于主句中或主句后
正如
主句前
(2)as引導非限制性定語從句時,常用于下列固定結構中:
as is expected不出所料;as is reported正如報道的那樣;as is often the case這是常有的事;
⑤　 　　　 /as is known to all眾所周知;as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的那樣。
as we all know
四、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
情景導學
A nurse is a person who looks after patients.護士是照顧病人的人。
He lives in Beijing,which is about 500 km away from here.他住在北京,離這里有大約五百千米
遠。
用法歸納
　　限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別如下:
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
限制程度 不可或缺,去掉后句意不明確
或發生改變 起補充說明作用,去掉后不影
響句意的完整
句子結構 主從句間沒有逗號 用逗號與主句隔開
翻譯方式 常譯成前置定語 常譯成并列成分
引導詞 that、which、who、whom、as、whose、 when、where、why which、who、whom、whose、as、when、where
五、使用非限制性定語從句的情況
情景導學
She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.她說她已經完成了工作,我對此
深感懷疑。
Tom's father,who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.湯姆的父親六十多歲了,但他仍然
夜以繼日地努力工作。
There are a lot of literary books in the library, a few of which I can't wait to read.圖書館有許多
文學書籍,其中有幾本我迫不及待地想讀。
The moon,which is about 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, brings people many beautiful
stories.月球離地球約384,400千米遠,它給人們帶來了很多美好的故事。
用法歸納
以下情況常使用非限制性定語從句:
(1)關系代詞指代整個主句的內容時,常用非限制性定語從句。
(2)先行詞指某人僅有的一個親屬時,常用非限制性定語從句。
(3)先行詞指世界上獨一無二的事物或專有名詞時,常用非限制性定語從句。
(4)出現some/many/few/a few/little/much/most+of+which或some/many/few/a few/most+of+
whom等結構時,常用非限制性定語從句。
即時鞏固
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2024全國甲)Like in typical families, 　　　　 boys were favored much more than girls, my
grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
2.(2023北京)The 4-Week Learning Sprint, 　　　　 will take place during November 2023, is
a virtual learning programme.
3.(2023新課標Ⅱ)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's
special education students, many of 　　　　 have emotional control issues.
4.(2023新課標Ⅱ)It just happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,
Karen, 　　　　 offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.
where
which
whom
who
5.(2023天津)My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of 　　　　 had
been chosen by Mom.
6.(2023全國乙) She moved to Virginia in 1865, 　　　　 she provided medical care to freed
slaves.
7.(2022新高考Ⅱ)I looked around and finally spotted David, 　　　　 was standing by him-
self off to the side by a fence.
8.(2022浙江)Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all of 　　　　 are
linked to the Internet.
9.(2022北京)And that brings me back to Taylor, 　　　　 suggested that I read his book Q for
Quantum.
10.(2020江蘇)Many lessons are now available online, from 　　　　 students can choose for free.
which
where
who
which
who
which
11.(2020天津)Dr. Rowan, 　　　　 secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his
own typing.
12.(2024黑龍江雙鴨山一中開學考試)　　　　 is often the case, the rich are not always
happy.
13.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, 　　　　 the weather may be better.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.(2023北京)因此,我每天早上都能精力充沛地學習,這使我進行有效地學習。
Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 .
2.照片中有10個郵遞員,大多數戴著帽子。
There were 10 postmen in the photo, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
whose
As
when
which makes me study efficiently
most of whom wore hats

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