資源簡介

(共67張PPT)
UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情景破
詞匯 1 prefer vt.更喜歡
　　I prefer to play sports with friends rather than exercise by myself, so football is perfect for
me! 我更喜歡和朋友一起做運(yùn)動而不是自己鍛煉,所以足球?qū)ξ襾碚f正合適! (教材P29)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
After school, I prefer to stay/staying at home, reading some of the latest news.放學(xué)后,我更喜歡
待在家里,讀一些最新的消息。　(寫作·個(gè)人愛好)
He preferred me to stay with him and help him to deal with the difficult affairs.他希望我留在他
身邊,幫助他處理這些困難的事情。
A new survey indicates that young people in China much prefer making fresh food to buying prepared food.一項(xiàng)新的調(diào)查顯示,中國的年輕人更喜歡制作新鮮的食物,而不是購買預(yù)制食品。
Jerry desired to join the school football team because he preferred to play team sports rather than
exercise alone.杰里想加入學(xué)校的足球隊(duì),因?yàn)樗矚g參加團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動,而不是獨(dú)自鍛煉。
用法歸納
①prefer 　　　　　 sth.更喜歡做某事
②prefer sb. 　　 sth.寧愿/希望某人做某事
③prefer (doing) A 　　 (doing) B 比起(做)B更喜歡(做)A
④prefer to do A 　　　　　 do B (=would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than do B)寧愿做A也不愿做B
to do/doing
to do
to
rather than
特別提醒
①prefer的過去式和過去分詞需要先雙寫r,再加-ed,即preferred, preferred。
②prefer本身就含有“更喜歡”的意思,相當(dāng)于like...better,一般不再與比較級連用。
詞匯拓展
preference n.偏愛,喜愛
have a preference for...偏愛……
give (a) preference to sb./sth.優(yōu)待某人/某物;優(yōu)先考慮某人/某物
Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity.研究表明,偏
愛垃圾食品會導(dǎo)致肥胖。
I hope you can give preference to my application and give me a chance to prove my ability.我
希望您能優(yōu)先考慮我的申請,給我一個(gè)證明我的能力的機(jī)會。　(寫作·申請信)
　　have a healthy and balanced diet擁有健康且均衡的飲食 (教材P28)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
It‘s very important for teenagers to take exercise regularly and have a balanced diet.對青少年來
說,經(jīng)常鍛煉和有均衡的飲食是非常重要的。　(寫作·保持身體健康)
用法歸納
　　　　　　　　 均衡的飲食
詞匯拓展
balance v.(使)保持平衡;權(quán)衡;同等重視n.平衡,均衡;平衡能力
balance A and/with B使A和B平衡;同等重視A和B
balance A against B權(quán)衡A和B
keep/lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡
詞匯 2 balanced adj.均衡的
a balanced diet
a sense of balance平衡感
on balance總的來說
You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你得權(quán)衡
一下住在大城市的利與弊。
We climbed towards the mountain top and all of a sudden I lost my balance and fell over.我們
爬向山頂,突然間我失去了平衡,摔倒了。　(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)
　　And clearly, all the extra hours that he‘d spent practising alone paid off.顯然,他花在獨(dú)自練
習(xí)上的所有額外時(shí)間都得到了回報(bào)。 (教材P31)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
Hearing the result, he sighed and decided to sell his house to pay off the increasing bills.聽到這
個(gè)結(jié)果,他嘆了一口氣,決定賣掉房子來付清不斷增加的賬單。
用法歸納
pay off還可表示“　　　　　 ”。
詞匯拓展
含有pay的其他常用短語:
pay for...為……付錢
詞匯 3 pay off 取得成功;奏效
付清,償清
pay sb. back向某人還錢;報(bào)復(fù)某人
pay attention to...注意……
pay a visit to游覽;參觀;拜訪
They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately wanted to
take her with them.他們付不起他們的狗Tiffy的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用,而他們非常想帶它一起去。 (2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)
I’m afraid I don’t have enough cash on hand to pay you back.恐怕我手頭沒有足夠的現(xiàn)金來
償還你。
　　Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.觀眾被提醒要關(guān)掉手機(jī)或把它們調(diào)成靜音。 (教材P103)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
The volunteers put up a sign to remind people to save every drop of water.志愿者張貼標(biāo)志來提醒人們節(jié)約每一滴水。　(寫作·節(jié)約用水)
Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.那些西紅柿的味道讓我想起了小時(shí)候我叔叔常常種的那些西紅柿。 (2023全國甲)
用法歸納
①remind sb. 　　 sth./sb.使某人想起某事物/某人
②remind sb. 　　 sth.提醒某人做某事
③remind sb. that...提醒某人……
詞匯拓展
reminder n.提醒人的事物;引起回憶的事物;通知單
詞匯 4 remind vt.使(某人)想起,提醒
of
to do
　　You‘re prohibited from hitting the other person with your head, shoulder or arm.禁止用你
的頭、肩膀或手臂打?qū)Ψ健?(教材P103)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
The new rules prohibit smoking in places like restaurants, hotels, railway stations and theaters.這些新規(guī)定禁止在像餐廳、旅館、火車站和劇院這樣的地方吸煙。
The students had a heated discussion about whether schools should prohibit students from using mobile phones on campus.學(xué)生們就學(xué)校是否應(yīng)該禁止學(xué)生在校園里使用手機(jī)進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。　(寫作·正反觀點(diǎn))
用法歸納
①prohibit 　　 sth.禁止做某事
②prohibit sb. 　　 doing sth.禁止某人做某事;阻止某人做某事
詞匯 5 prohibit vt.禁止;阻止,使不可能
doing
from
易混辨析
易混詞 詞義 搭配
prohibit 指以法令、條例、規(guī)章的形
式禁止 ①prohibit sb. from doing sth.
②prohibit doing sth.
ban 指依法或由于社會壓力而禁
止,含譴責(zé)或不贊成的態(tài)度 ban sb.from sth./from doing sth.
forbid 尤指權(quán)威者(如上級、官方、
家長、雇主、醫(yī)生、老師等)
不允許,或客觀條件不允許 ①forbid sb. to do sth.
②forbid sb. from doing sth.
She has been banned from driving for a year.她被禁止駕駛一年。
The doctor forbids him to smoke/from smoking.醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。
　　The gloves and mouth guards also help, in case anything happens.手套和護(hù)齒也有幫助,以
防發(fā)生什么事情。 (教材P104)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
In case I’m late, start without me.假如我來晚了,你們就別等我,先開始吧。
The sun is shining, but I’ll take an umbrella (just) in case.現(xiàn)在陽光燦爛,但我會帶上雨傘,以防
萬一。
The woman gave him the instructions in case the device went wrong again.這位女士給了他操作
指南,以防設(shè)備再次出故障。
詞匯 6 in case 以防萬一;如果,假使
用法歸納
①in case可以引導(dǎo)　　　 從句,意為“以防,免得”,還可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,意為“　 　 ”。
②just in case起副詞作用,置于句尾,意為“　　　 ”,just可省略。
詞匯拓展
含有case的其他常用短語:
in case of如果;假使
in this/that case既然這/那樣
in any case無論如何;不管怎樣
in no case決不,在任何情況下都不(位于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝)
目的狀語
如果,假如
以防萬一
it is often the case that...=as is often the case...……是常有的事
In addition, in case of rain, I have prepared two raincoats.另外,如果下雨,我還準(zhǔn)備了兩件雨
衣。
In no case should you leave here.在任何情況下你都不應(yīng)該離開這里。
　　I know you’ve had lots to occupy your time...我知道已經(jīng)有很多事情占用你的時(shí)間……
(教材P104)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
She occupied herself in doing routine office tasks.她忙于辦公室的日常工作。
Last week, we all occupied ourselves with the activity“Working is the most glorious”.上周,我
們都忙于“勞動最光榮”這個(gè)活動。 (寫作·參加社會實(shí)踐活動)
用法歸納
①occupy sb./sth./oneself 　　 ...使某人/某物/自己忙于……
②occupy sb./sth./oneself (　　 ) doing sth.使某人/某物/自己忙于做某事
③occupy sb.’s mind/thoughts/attention占據(jù)某人的腦海/思想/注意力
詞匯 7 occupy vt.占據(jù);占用(空間、面積、時(shí)間等);使忙于
with
in
詞匯拓展
①occupied adj.忙于……的
be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事
be occupied with sth.忙于某事
The students are occupied in preparing for the festival.那些學(xué)生忙于為這個(gè)節(jié)日做準(zhǔn)備。
②occupation n.[C]工作,職業(yè);消遣,業(yè)余活動;[U]侵占,占領(lǐng)
Jobs and occupations come and go at an amazing pace these days.如今,工作更換、職業(yè)更替
的速度驚人。
③常見的表示“忙于(做)某事”的搭配還有:be busy doing sth./with sth.
be engaged in/on sth.
　　We played so poorly last time! It was such a disappointment.我們隊(duì)上次打得太糟糕了!真
是令人失望。 (教材P104)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
To his disappointment, his son was addicted to surfing the Internet.令他失望的是,他的兒子沉迷
于上網(wǎng)。
用法歸納
　　 one’s (great) disappointment=(much) to one’s disappointment令某人(非常)失望的是
詞匯 8 disappointment n.[U]失望;掃興;沮喪;[C]使人失望的人(或事物);令人掃興的人
(或事物)
to
詞匯拓展
①disappoint vt.& vi.(使)失望
②disappointed adj.失望的,沮喪的
be disappointed in/with sb.對某人失望
be disappointed at/by/with/about sth.對某事物失望
be disappointed to do sth.對做某事感到失望
be disappointed that...對……感到失望
They were bitterly disappointed at/by/with/about the result of the game.他們對比賽結(jié)果極其
失望。 (讀后續(xù)寫·心理描寫)
Visitors were disappointed to find the museum closed.游客們發(fā)現(xiàn)博物館閉館了,感到很失
望。
③disappointing adj.令人失望的,令人掃興的
In general,this was a disappointing performance.總的來說,這場表演令人失望。
特別提醒
①disappointing表示“令人失望的”,一般用于描述事物給人的感覺。disappointed 表示“感
到失望的”,一般用于說明人的感覺,若修飾 voice、look、expression、appearance等名詞,則
表示與之相關(guān)的邏輯主語感到失望。
②有相似用法的還有amazed(感到驚訝的)和amazing(令人驚訝的)、satisfied(感到滿意的)和
satisfying(令人滿意的)等。
As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.正如人們常說的,做任何運(yùn)動都比不運(yùn)動好,但是長跑尤其有很多好處。 (教
材P37)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
This fruit-picking experience was of great benefit to us and taught us the importance of working.
這次摘水果的經(jīng)歷讓我們獲益良多,它使我們懂得了勞動的重要性。 (寫作·勞動感悟)
For the benefit of both sides/For both sides’ benefit, they will increase their cooperation.為了雙
方的利益,他們將增加合作。
Several provinces will benefit from/by the railway that is being built at present.幾個(gè)省將從目前
正在修建的鐵路中獲益。
詞匯 9 benefit n.好處,益處vt.使受益 vi.得益于
用法歸納
①be 　　 benefit (to...) (對……)有益;(對……)有好處
②　　 the benefit of sb./sth.=　　 sb.’s/sth.’s benefit為了某人/某物的利益
③benefit 　 　 ...從……中獲益
詞匯拓展
beneficial adj.有益的,有利的
be beneficial to/for...對……有益
Cycling is highly beneficial to our health and the environment.騎自行車對我們的健康和環(huán)境
都大有裨益。 (寫作·體育運(yùn)動)
of
for
for
from/by
　　It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.對于初學(xué)者來說,這是一項(xiàng)很棒的運(yùn)動——你不需要健身房會員資格,也不需要任何特殊的裝備。 (教材P37)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
The treadmill in our living room has become a piece of equipment that benefits everyone in our
family.我們客廳里的跑步機(jī)已經(jīng)成為一件讓我們家每個(gè)人都受益的設(shè)備。
用法歸納
　　　　　　　　　　　 一件設(shè)備
特別提醒
equipment是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,其作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
詞匯拓展
equip vt.裝備,配備;使有能力,使有所準(zhǔn)備
詞匯 10 equipment n.設(shè)備,裝備
a piece of equipment
equip sb./sth. with sth.給某人/某物配備某物
equip sb. for...使某人能夠勝任……
equip sb. to do sth.使某人有能力做某事
Our school will be equipped with tablet computers in every classroom. What a great piece of
information for us!我們學(xué)校的每間教室都將配備平板電腦,這對我們來說是一條多么好的消
息啊!
This course is designed to equip students for a career in medicine.此課程旨在使學(xué)生能夠勝
任醫(yī)務(wù)工作。
His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.他的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)使他有能力
與各種各樣的人打交道。
　　Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases.跑步會幫助你變得健康,預(yù)防疾病。
(教材P37)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
He is a determined man so nothing can prevent him from pursuing his dream.他是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定
的人,所以沒有什么能阻止他追求他的夢想。 (寫作·人物介紹)
用法歸納
prevent sb. (from) 　　 sth.阻止某人做某事
詞匯拓展
①prevention n.預(yù)防,防止
②preventable adj.可預(yù)防的,可避免的
詞匯 11 prevent vt.預(yù)防;阻止,阻擋
doing
③表示“阻止……做某事”的搭配還有:
stop...(from) doing sth.
keep...from doing sth.
其中keep...from doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中的from不可以省略,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),from也不可以省略。
We hope to stop anything unpleasant (from) happening.=We hope to keep anything unpleasant
from happening.我們希望阻止任何不愉快的事發(fā)生。
Even a thirty-minute run will provide relief from aches or tension that you may be suffering due
to stress.即使是三十分鐘的跑步也能緩解你因壓力而可能遭受的疼痛或緊張。(教材P37)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
To my relief, it was through this run that David became much stronger.讓我欣慰的是,正是通過
這次跑步,戴維變得堅(jiān)強(qiáng)多了。 (讀后續(xù)寫·心理描寫)
She smiled with/in relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University.
聽說她的兒子被清華大學(xué)錄取了,她寬慰地笑了。
It’s a relief to know that he has recovered from his illness.知道他已經(jīng)康復(fù)了,(我)就放心了。
詞匯 12 relief n.減輕,緩解;寬慰
Breathing a sigh of relief, I took my bag and thanked this stranger.我松了一口氣,拿起我的包,向
這個(gè)陌生人表示感謝。 (讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)
用法歸納
①　　　　　　　 (=to the relief of sb.)讓某人感到欣慰的是
②　　　 relief寬慰地/欣慰地
③it is a relief 　　 sth.做某事是令人寬慰的
④breathe a sigh of relief　　　　　　　
⑤What a relief! 可輕松了!
詞匯拓展
①relieve vt.減輕,緩解;解除
relieve sb. of...幫助某人減輕(負(fù)擔(dān));替某人拿(重物);解除某人的職務(wù)
to sb.’s relief
with/in
to do
松了一口氣
Our school often organizes various after-school activities, relieving us of our stress to some
degree.我們學(xué)校經(jīng)常組織各種各樣的課外活動,這在某種程度上緩解了我們的壓力。 (寫
作·學(xué)校生活)
②relieved adj.放心的,感到寬慰的
be relieved to see/hear/find/know...看到/聽到/發(fā)現(xiàn)/知道……而感到寬慰
be relieved that...因……而感到寬慰
His mother was relieved to see him happy again.看到他又高興起來,他媽媽放心了。
　　Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work were
worth it in the end.沒有什么比意識到所有的汗水和努力最終都是值得的更讓人滿足的了。
(教材P38)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
To my satisfaction, all my efforts have paid off.使我感到滿足的是,我所有的努力都得到了回
報(bào)。
With all the books he was interested in bought, Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.湯姆買了所有他感興趣的書,心滿意足地離開了書店。 (讀后續(xù)寫·心理描寫)
Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of satisfaction.此外,音樂還給了我希望和滿足
感。
詞匯 13 satisfaction n.滿足,滿意,欣慰
用法歸納
①　　 one’s satisfaction使某人感到滿足的是
②　　 satisfaction 滿意地;欣慰地
③　　　　　　　 滿足感
④get/gain satisfaction from (doing) sth.從(做)某事中獲得滿足感
詞匯拓展
①dissatisfaction n.不滿意,不滿足
②satisfy vt.使?jié)M意,滿足
satisfy one’s needs/demands/desires 滿足某人的需要/要求/愿望
③satisfied adj.滿意的,滿足的
be satisfied with...對……感到滿意
to
with
a sense of satisfaction
Though we didn’t win the game, we were satisfied with our performance.雖然我們沒有贏得
比賽,但我們對自己的表現(xiàn)感到滿意。　　 (寫作·比賽)
④satisfying adj.令人滿意的,令人滿足的
A good book can be satisfying, can improve your knowledge and can teach you a lot.一本好書
可以讓人感到滿足,可以增長你的知識,可以教會你很多東西。
　　The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.觀眾對他
表現(xiàn)出的體育精神感到驚訝,并歡呼鼓掌。 (教材P40)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
I’m amazed to receive a call from my high school classmate.接到我的高中同學(xué)的電話我很驚訝。
We were amazed at/by her wide knowledge of Chinese literature.她的中國文學(xué)知識之豐富使我
們大為驚奇。
I’m amazed (that) the city has made so many great achievements in recent years.我很驚訝這座
城市近年來取得了這么多偉大的成就。
詞匯 14 amazed adj.大為驚奇的,驚訝的
用法歸納
①be amazed 　　 ...對……感到驚訝
②be amazed 　　 sth.因做某事而感到驚訝
③be amazed (that)...因……而感到驚訝
詞匯拓展
①amazing adj.令人大為驚奇的
This summer, I decided to learn photography and it turned out to be an amazing journey.今年
夏天,我決定學(xué)習(xí)攝影,結(jié)果這是一段令人驚奇的旅程。
②amazingly adv.令人驚奇地
③amaze vt.使驚奇
at/by
to do
It amazed me that she could have the energy to finish all the tasks all by herself.她竟然有精力
獨(dú)自完成所有的任務(wù),這讓我感到驚訝。
④amazement n.驚奇,驚愕,驚詫
in amazement驚奇地
to one’s amazement令某人驚奇的是
To my amazement, the old teacher can still remember me after so many years.令我驚訝的是,
這么多年過去了,那位老教師還能記得我。
　　However, Navarro refused, and his response was: “Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.”然而,納瓦羅拒絕了,他的回答是:“給我這個(gè)獎比我為他所做的更有價(jià)值。” (教材P40)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
In response to this environmental issue, China is carrying out significant policies and measures to address climate change.針對這一環(huán)境問題,中國正在實(shí)施重要的政策和措施來應(yīng)對氣候變化。(China Daily)
Millions of people made a quick and active response to the appeal for helping the victims of the
earthquake.數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人迅速而積極地響應(yīng)了幫助地震災(zāi)民的呼吁。 (寫作·援助災(zāi)區(qū))
用法歸納
①in response 　　 ...作為對……的答復(fù);為了應(yīng)對……
②　　 　　　　　　 ...對……作出反應(yīng)/回答
詞匯 15 response n.回答,答復(fù);反應(yīng)
to
make a response to
詞匯拓展
respond v.回答;作出反應(yīng)
respond to...回應(yīng)……,對……作出反應(yīng)
respond to...with sth./by doing sth.以某物/以做某事回應(yīng)……
In any case, he will respond to emails that he receives immediately.無論如何,他會立即回復(fù)他
收到的電子郵件。
特別提醒
respond to、in response to、make a response to中的to都是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
高頻詞匯積累
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
frequency n.發(fā)生的頻率,發(fā)生率 the high/low frequency (of...)(……的)高/低發(fā)生率
frequent adj.頻繁的
frequently adv.頻繁地
常見的頻度副詞按照動作發(fā)
生的頻率由高到低依次為:
always/constantly總是>usually通常>often/frequently經(jīng)常>sometimes有時(shí)>occasionally偶爾>seldom/rarely不常;罕有>never從未
rather than 而不是 We should think about others rather than only
ourselves.我們應(yīng)該考慮他人,而不是只考
慮自己。
instead of代替;而不是
in good/bad shape 健康狀況良好/不佳 in good/bad condition健康狀況良好/糟糕
in good/poor health健康狀況好/不好
defeat vt.(在比賽、戰(zhàn)爭中)戰(zhàn)勝,打
敗 n.失敗 A man can be destroyed but not defeated.一個(gè)人可以被毀滅,但不能被打敗。
a narrow/heavy defeat惜敗/慘敗
accept/admit defeat接受/承認(rèn)失敗
suffer a defeat遭受失敗
company n.公司;一群人;陪伴(生義) keep pany陪伴某人
in company with...與……一起;與……同時(shí)
desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 have a (strong) desire to do
sth.有(強(qiáng)烈的)欲望做某事
have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
desire (sb.) to do sth.期望(某人)做某事
pack n.包,包裹;繃帶,敷布 vi.& vt.把……包起來 Driven by curiosity, the boy opened the
bag and found a pack of clothes there.在好奇心的驅(qū)使下,男孩打開了包,發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一包衣服。
pack up收拾(行李)
pack sth. away(用后)收拾好
keep up with 跟上,保持同步 含有keep的其他常用短語:
keep away from遠(yuǎn)離
keep (on) doing...繼續(xù)做……
keep...out of使……不進(jìn)入;把……關(guān)在外面
keep to遵守;不離開
keep up保持;堅(jiān)持
keep in touch with...與……保持聯(lián)系
keep...in mind記住……
earn vt.贏得;博得;掙得 earn sb. sth.使某人贏得/掙得某物
earn money=make money掙錢
earn a/one’s living=make a earn one’s respect贏得某人的尊敬
earn a reputation贏得聲譽(yù)
earnings n.工資,收入;利潤,收益
announcement n.通告,公告 make an announcement 發(fā)表公告
announce vt.宣布,宣告(決定、計(jì)劃等);聲稱;宣稱
announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事(不能用announce sb. sth.)
announce that...宣布……
It is/was announced that...據(jù)宣布……
amount n.數(shù)量,數(shù)額 vi.總計(jì);相當(dāng)于 a large/good/great amount of大量的(后接不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù))
large/small amounts of大/少量的(后接不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù))
amount to總計(jì);相當(dāng)于
sight n.視野;看見 in/within sight看得見;在視野內(nèi)　
out of sight在視野外;看不見
at first sight乍一看;初次見到
at the sight of...一看見……
catch/lose sight of...看見/再也看不見……
come into sight出現(xiàn)
defend vi.& vt.保護(hù),保衛(wèi);為……辯
解 defend...from/against...保護(hù)……免受……傷害;就……為……辯護(hù)
defence/defense n.保衛(wèi);防守;辯護(hù)
in defence of為……辯護(hù);為了保護(hù)……
defensive adj.防御的;保護(hù)的;百般辯解的
Make a list of the feelings you may have when playing or watching sports.把你在進(jìn)行或觀看體
育運(yùn)動時(shí)可能有的感受列成清單。 (教材P35)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
I’ll ask you for help if (it is) necessary.如果有必要,我會請求你的幫助。
They felt stressed while (they were) waiting for the sunset.他們在等待日落的時(shí)候感到焦慮不
安。 (2023全國乙)
Though (he was) young, he had to live on his own.雖然很小,但他不得不獨(dú)自生活。
經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu) 情景破
結(jié)構(gòu) 1 狀語從句的省略
用法歸納
在含有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、比較或讓步等的狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)狀語從
句的主語與主句的主語一致,或狀語從句的主語是　　 ,且狀語從句的謂語含有be動詞時(shí),
狀語從句常使用省略形式,可省去　　 和be動詞。
特別提醒
如果從句和主句的主語不一致,則從句不可使用省略形式。
While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!當(dāng)你在中國的時(shí)候,黃山是必游
之地! (2021新高考Ⅰ)
it
主語
Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work were worth it
in the end.沒有什么比意識到所有的汗水和努力最終都是值得的更讓人滿足的了。(教材P38)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
Nothing is more precious than health.健康是最寶貴的。 (寫作·健康的重要性)
—What do you think of the film last night
—It couldn’t be worse.
——你覺得昨晚的電影怎么樣
——糟糕透了。
What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一部小說啊!我從來沒
有讀過比這更感人的小說。
結(jié)構(gòu) 2 “否定詞+比較級(+than...)”表示最高級意義
用法歸納
①“否定詞+比較級(+than...)”相當(dāng)于最高級,通常意為“　　　 　　 ”或“完全,十分,非常”。用“否定詞+比較級(+than...)”表示最高級意義比直接用最高級更有說服力。
②常用于此用法的否定詞有no、not、never、　　　 、nobody、hardly等。
結(jié)構(gòu)拓展
表示最高級意義的其他結(jié)構(gòu):
比較級+than+any other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
比較級+than+the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
比較級+than+any of the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
比較級+than+anything/anyone else
比較級+than+the rest of the+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞
沒有(比……)更……的了
nothing
He works harder than any other student in his class.
=He works harder than the other students in his class.
=He works harder than any of the other students in his class.
=He works harder than the rest of the students in his class.他比班上的其他學(xué)生都更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。(他是班里學(xué)習(xí)最努力的。)
　　Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight all
the cyclists began to speed up to cross it.埃斯特班已經(jīng)拼命地騎行了幾個(gè)小時(shí),隨著終點(diǎn)線進(jìn)
入視野,所有的自行車手都開始加快速度以沖過終點(diǎn)線。 (教材P40)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
With nothing to do, they went out for a walk.他們無事可做,出門散步去了。
The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.這個(gè)位置使我們
能夠在日落的背景下眺望湖泊。 (2023全國乙)
With the exam approaching, it is a good idea to review your class notes.隨著考試臨近,復(fù)習(xí)你的
課堂筆記是個(gè)好主意。 (寫作·建議信)
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.所有需要的東西都買到了,她高
高興興地回家了。
結(jié)構(gòu) 3 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
用法歸納
　　①with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成,在句中主要用作狀語,表示伴隨、
原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式等。
②with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)主要的構(gòu)成形式:with+名詞/代詞+形容詞;with+名詞/代詞+副詞;with+名
詞/代詞+　　　　　 ;with+名詞/代詞+非謂語動詞。
　　在“with+名詞/代詞+非謂語動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,非謂語動詞可以有三種形式:
　　a.用　　　　 　 表示將要發(fā)生的動作;
b.用　　　　　 表示與前面的賓語是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系;
　　c.用　　　　　 表示與前面的賓語是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。
介詞短語
動詞不定式
現(xiàn)在分詞
過去分詞
長難句圖解
Sentence 1
譯文　當(dāng)我們不在大樓旁邊的球場上打球時(shí),我們就在電視上看比賽。
Sentence 2
譯文　保羅最喜歡的球員是蒂尼·博格斯,一個(gè)效力于夏洛特黃蜂隊(duì)的男人,盡管實(shí)際上我們
一致認(rèn)為他們倆都是冠軍。
時(shí)間狀語從句
定語從句
定語從句
讓步狀語從句
賓語從句
Sentence 3
譯文 這周,獅隊(duì)將迎戰(zhàn)我們的主要競爭對手——熊隊(duì),這支球隊(duì)在本賽季的紀(jì)錄堪稱完
美。
Sentence 4
譯文　正如人們常說的,做任何運(yùn)動都比不運(yùn)動好,但長跑尤其有很多好處。
定語從句
非限制性定語從句
Sentence 5
譯文　此外,任何情緒低落的人都可以去跑步讓自己振作起來。
定語從句
定語從句
　　在主從復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行
詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞
的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。前者緊跟先行詞,主句與從
句不用逗號分開,如果省去從句,主句意思含糊不清;后者與主句之間用逗號分開,起補(bǔ)充說明
的作用,如果省去從句,主句意思仍然清楚完整。
學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的焦點(diǎn)是關(guān)系詞的選擇,關(guān)系詞和先行詞有著密切的關(guān)系,關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代
詞和關(guān)系副詞,本單元我們學(xué)習(xí)五個(gè)常見的關(guān)系代詞:that、which、who、whom和whose。
必備語法 情景破
一、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.that、which的用法
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
The plan (that/which) they argued about was settled at last.他們爭論的那個(gè)計(jì)劃終于確定了。
This may be the suitcase that/which contains important material.這也許是那個(gè)裝有重要材料的
手提箱。
Li Fei is the girl(that/who/whom) I usually go to school with.李菲就是那個(gè)常常和我一起去上
學(xué)的女孩。
用法歸納
(1)that既可指人也可指物,在定語從句中可以作①　　 、②　　 或表語,作③　　 時(shí)可以省略,作主語時(shí)不可省略。that指人時(shí)常可與who、whom互換,指物時(shí)常可與which互換。
主語
賓語
賓語
(2)which用于指代表示事物的先行詞,在定語從句中作④　　 、⑤　　 等,作賓語時(shí)可以
省略,但作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時(shí)不可省略。
2.who、whom的用法
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
Do you know the girl (whom/who/that) I talked to just now 你認(rèn)識剛才和我說話的那個(gè)女孩嗎
They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.它們被它們的主人訓(xùn)練得很好,它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors performed an operation five days ago.他們正
在尋找五天前醫(yī)生給其做過手術(shù)的那位病人。
用法歸納
(1)⑥　　 用于指代表示人的先行詞,在定語從句中作主語、賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略,作主
語時(shí)不可省略。who作主語時(shí)可與that互換,作賓語時(shí)可與that、whom互換。
主語
賓語
who
(2)⑦　　 用于指代表示人的先行詞,在定語從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語,一般可以省略,但
作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時(shí)不可省略。在現(xiàn)代英語里,whom可以用who或that替代;但
是當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時(shí)只能用whom,而不能用who或that。
3.whose的用法
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
It’s the house whose door is painted red.這就是那座門被漆成紅色的房子。
There was once a boy called Jagan, whose dream was to become a famous football player.曾經(jīng)有
一個(gè)叫賈根的男孩,他的夢想是成為一名著名的足球運(yùn)動員。
用法歸納
whose 用于指代表示人或物的先行詞,在定語從句中作⑧　　 ,表示“某人的;某物的”,與
其修飾的名詞是所屬關(guān)系,一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)名詞短語,在從句中充當(dāng)成分。
whom
定語
二、關(guān)系代詞宜用that不宜用which的情況
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。
She is the very girl that has got a prize.她就是那個(gè)獲獎的女孩。
He did everything that he could to help us.他做了一切能做的事來幫助我們。
Which is the dictionary that you bought yesterday 你昨天買的是哪本字典
All that we can do is give you some advice.我們能做的只有給你提供一些建議。
The writer and his work that you told me are really famous.你告訴我的那個(gè)作家和他的作品確
實(shí)很有名。
When people talk about Hangzhou,the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.當(dāng)人們談到杭
州時(shí),第一個(gè)想到的就是西湖。
用法歸納
(1)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級,或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。
(2)先行詞是anything/⑨　　 /nothing/none/all/few/little等不定代詞或被every、each、no、
all、few、little、much等修飾時(shí)。
(3)先行詞被⑩　　 /the only/the same/the last等修飾時(shí)。
(4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
(5)主句是以 　　 開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。
不定代詞
　　不定代詞是不具體指明代替某個(gè)特定名詞的代詞。一般來講,修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的詞要
置于其后。常用的不定代詞有:some、something、somebody、someone、any、anything、
anybody、anyone、nothing、nobody、none、no one、everything、everybody、everyone、each、all、both、much、many、(a) little、(a) few、other(s)、another、one(s)、either、neither等。
everything
the very
which
一、不定代詞的語法功能
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
Is that all you want to know 那就是所有你想知道的嗎
There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一點(diǎn)水。
I felt quite sorry for everything I had done before.我對我以前所做的一切感到非常抱歉。
No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.好幾個(gè)小時(shí)沒人看到它
們了,我和我的同事都很擔(dān)心。
用法歸納
　　不定代詞在句中可以作 　　 、 　　 、表語和定語等成分。
主語
賓語
二、常見的不定代詞的辨析
1.不定代詞both、all、either、any、neither、none
都 任何 一個(gè) 都不 (全部否定) 部分否定
兩者 both either neither =not either both和not連用
三者或三 者以上 all any none =not any all和not連用
2.不定代詞the other、other、another、others
the other 可單獨(dú)使用,特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”;也可修飾名詞,表示“另外的,其他的”
other 不能單獨(dú)使用,只能修飾名詞,表示泛指意義
another 可單獨(dú)使用,也可修飾名詞,泛指人或物中的“另一個(gè)”,代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外another后可接“大于1的基數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,表示“另外多少的……”
others 可單獨(dú)使用,表示泛指意義,意為“其他的人或事物”,常與some一起出現(xiàn);特指“其他的全部人或事物”時(shí)用the others
3.復(fù)合不定代詞
某個(gè) 任何 每個(gè),所有 沒有
人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/
nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
特別提醒
something表示“大致,左右;值得注意的事物”;anything but表示“根本不”;nothing but表示
“僅僅”。
即時(shí)鞏固
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)As an artist 　　　　 shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by
curious followers how to begin an art journey.
2.(2023全國乙)It is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television
screens and 　　　　 recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
3.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Producing food 　 　　　 no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
4.(2020天津5月改編)For years I wanted to do everything 　　　　 my elder brother Tyson
did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected(被忽略的) one.
5.(2020江蘇)Many lessons are now available online, from 　　　　 students can choose for free.
6.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 　　　　 gives off light in the dark.
who/that
whose
that/which
that
which
that/which
7.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists 　　　　 had been trapped in the moun-
tains for two days.
8.Many young people, most of　　　　 were well-educated, headed for remote regions to
chase their dreams.
9.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese painting,　　　　 price was very reasonable.
10.This is one of the most exciting basketball games 　　　　 left a deep impression on mil-
lions of fans.
Ⅱ.在橫線處填入合適的不定代詞
1.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for 　　　　 .
2.John didn’t choose any of the three jackets because he found 　　　　 of them satisfactory.
3.You can ask anyone for help. 　　　　 here is willing to lend you a hand.
4.She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked 　　　　 and moved to Cambridge.
who/that
whom
whose
that
others
none
Everyone/Everybody
neither
5.Taking regular exercise is one good way to help us keep fit and having a balanced diet is 　　
　 .
6.When you introduce me to the businessman, could you please say 　　　　 for me
7.The witness was asked a lot of questions by the policeman,but she didn’t answer 　　　　 of
them.
another
something
any

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