資源簡介

(共65張PPT)
UNIT 1　LIFE CHOICES
高頻詞匯精講
　　I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my previous one.我感到興奮,
因為這所學校在很多方面都與我之前的學校不一樣。 (教材P101)
情景導學
Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.世界上的事物是千差萬別的。
The two sides still differ with each other about/on/over the pay.雙方關于報酬仍然意見相左。
高頻詞匯 情景破
詞匯 1 differ vi.不同,不一樣,有區別
用法歸納
①differ 　　 sb./sth.與某人/某物不同
②differ 　　 sb. 　　　　　　　 sth.關于某事與某人有不同看法
詞匯拓展
①difference n.差異;不同
make a/no difference (to sb./sth.)(對某人/某物)有/沒有影響
tell the difference between A and B區分A和B
But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference 但一根塑料吸管或一個塑料杯真
的有影響嗎 (2021全國乙)
from
with
about/on/over
②different adj.不同的;有區別的
be different from/to/than...(in...) (在……方面)與……不同
Different from traditional fables, Carson s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.與
傳統寓言不同,卡森的故事以指責而不是寓意結束。 (2023全國甲)
③differently adv.不同地
④indifferent adj.不感興趣的;漠不關心的
What is also very different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules.還有一點非常不同的是同一個班級的學生可以有不同的課程表。 (教材P101)
情景導學
The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule.新橋提前兩年落成。
　　Whatever difficulty we meet, we shall finish the work on schedule.無論我們遇到什么困難,
我們都會按時完成工作。
　　Because of rain, the construction of the subway system is behind schedule.由于下雨, 地鐵
系統的建設進度落后。
　　The completion of the building is scheduled for May.該樓定于五月份竣工。
　　The activity is scheduled to last two hours, from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm in the school hall.該活
動預計持續兩個小時,從下午三點半至五點半在學校禮堂舉行?！?寫作·邀請信)
詞匯 2 schedule n.日程表,計劃表;時刻表 v.為……安排時間;安排;預定
用法歸納
①　　　　　 (=on time)準時,按時
②　　　　　 (=ahead of time)提前
③behind schedule 晚于預定時間
④be scheduled 　　 +某個時間點或時間段　預定/安排在……(時間)
⑤be scheduled 　　 sth.預定/安排做某事
情景助記
on schedule
ahead of schedule
for
to do
詞匯 3 confidence n.自信,信心;信賴
develop confidence in speaking English
培養說英語的自信 (教材P6)
情景導學
When the run began, he looked back over his shoulder and waved at me with confidence.當跑步
開始時,他回頭一看,自信地向我揮手?！?讀后續寫·動作描寫)
There’s no reason to lose confidence in yourself.沒有理由對你自己失去信心。
She has strong confidence in winning the speech contest held in her school.她對贏得她的學校舉
行的這次演講比賽很有信心。
用法歸納
①have/lose confidence 　　 (doing)...對(做)……有/失去信心
②　　 confidence滿懷信心地
in
with
詞匯拓展
①confident adj.自信的;確信的,有把握的
be confident about...對……有信心
be confident of (doing) sth.對(做)某事有把握
be confident that...確信……
It’s of great importance to be confident about yourself.對自己有信心是很重要的?！?寫作·
建議信)
The team is confident of victory/winning the game.這支隊伍有把握取勝/贏得比賽。
I’m confident that I can help them better understand Chinese culture.我確信我可以幫助他們
更好地了解中國文化?！?寫作·宣傳中國文化)
②confidently adv.自信地;確信地
詞匯 4 range n.一系列;范圍;種;類 vi.(在一定的范圍內)變化;包括(從……到……)之間的各
類事物
I do a wide range of things online.我在網上做各種各樣的事情。(教材P8)
情景導學
Your weight can be kept in the normal range as long as you take exercise more often.只要你多運
動,你的體重就能保持在正常范圍內。　(寫作·保持健康)
The gallery has a wide range of modern art which can satisfy different visitors.這個美術館有各
種各樣的現代美術作品,可以滿足不同的參觀者。
The students range in age from 12 to 18.學生的年齡在十二歲到十八歲之間。
The ages of the students range from 17 to 21 (= range between 17 and 21)with an average of 19.
學生的年齡在十七歲到二十一歲之間,平均十九歲。
用法歸納
①a wide/whole/full range 　　 ...各種各樣的……
②in/within the normal range在正常范圍內
③in/within range(of...) 在(……)可及的范圍內;在視覺(或聽覺)范圍內
④beyond/out of range(of...) 超出(……的)范圍;在視覺(或聽覺)范圍之外
⑤range from A 　　 B 在A到B之間變化(=range between A and B);包括從A到B之間的各
類事物/人
⑥range　　 size/age/length/price from A to B尺寸/年齡/長度/價格在A到B之間變動
of
to
in
詞匯 5 various adj.各種各樣的;多種(類型)的
...I also shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities.……我也在網上買各種東西,比如書、電腦硬件和其他必需品。 (教材P8)
詞匯拓展
①vary v.(大小、形狀等)相異,不同;(根據情況)變化
vary in...在……方面不同
vary with...隨……而變動
vary from A to B/vary between A and B 從A到B不等;在A到B之間變化
These flowers vary in colour and size.這些花的顏色和大小各不相同。
The menu in the restaurant varies with the season.這家飯店的菜單隨季節而變化。
Reading habits vary from person to person.閱讀習慣因人而異。
②variety n.(同一事物的)不同種類,多種式樣;變化;多樣化;多變性;變種;品種
a variety of/varieties of各種各樣的;不同種類的
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and
throughout the year.黃石國家公園全年在整個公園內提供各種各樣的護林員項目。 (2023
新課標Ⅱ)
It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before
I buy.購物前,能夠比較不同的網上商店的質量和價格是非常方便的。 (教材P8)
情景導學
The house is convenient for/to the hospital.這座房子離醫院很近。
Everything here is convenient for the residents.這里的一切對居民來說都很方便。
I want to know whether it is convenient for you to attend my birthday party on Saturday.我想知
道星期六你是否方便參加我的生日聚會?！?寫作·邀請信)
用法歸納
①it is/was convenient (　　 sb.) to do sth.(對某人來說)做某事是方便的
②(sth.) be convenient 　　 sb.(某事物)對某人來說方便(注意:主語不能是人,用it或sth.居多)
③be convenient 　 　 ...離……近
詞匯 6 convenient adj.方便的,便利的;附近的,容易到達的
for
for
for/to
②conveniently adv.方便地;便利地
③convenience n.方便;便利;便利設施
at sb.’s convenience在某人方便時;在某人適宜的地點
at your earliest convenience盡早;盡快
for convenience為了方便起見
for sb.’s convenience=for the convenience of sb.為了方便某人
I’d appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.如果您能盡快給
我回信,我將感激不盡。　(寫作·申請信)
I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.我把參考書放在書桌旁以方便使
用。
My aim is to do well in every subject this term.我這個學期的目標是學好每門學科。 (教材P9)
情景導學
Now we have to take aim at the problem and try to get it solved.現在我們不得不把目標對準這
個難題并試圖解決它。
A special show will be held in our school with the aim of celebrating the 50th anniversary of the
founding of our school.我們學校將會舉行一場特殊的表演以慶祝建校五十周年紀念日。
(寫作·邀請信)
He aimed his gun at the lion, fired but missed.他把槍瞄準那頭獅子,開了槍卻未擊中。
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 我們所有的
項目都力爭促進貧困偏遠社區的發展。
詞匯 7 aim n.目的,意圖;目標;瞄準 v.力求達到;瞄準;針對
These measures are aimed at bridging the gap between rich and poor.這些措施旨在消除貧富差
距。
用法歸納
①　　 the aim of doing sth.旨在做某事
②take aim 　　 sb./sth.把目標對準某人/某事物
③take aim瞄準
④aim at/for...力求達到……
⑤aim 　　 /at doing sth.力爭做到某事
⑥be aimed 　　 doing sth.旨在做某事
⑦aim sth. 　　 sb./sth.將某物瞄準某人/某物
with
at
to do
at
at
詞匯拓展
①aimless adj.沒有方向的;無目標的;無計劃的
②aimlessly adv.漫無目的地,無目標地
情景助記

So, what kind of people often suffer from stress 那么,什么樣的人經常遭受壓力之苦呢 (教
材P102)
情景導學
I feel sorry to know that you are suffering from nervousness with the Speaking Contest drawing
near.了解到隨著演講比賽的臨近,你正遭受緊張之苦,我感到很難過?！?寫作·建議信)
To our surprise, the company suffered great losses but finally overcame the difficulties and managed to survive the crisis.令我們驚訝的是,這家公司遭受了巨大損失,但最終克服了困難,設法度過了危機。
用法歸納
①suffer作及物動詞時,其后常接pain、　　 、defeat、damage、punishment、injury、hardship等名詞,表示“遭受疼痛/損失/失敗/破壞/懲罰/傷害/困苦”等。
詞匯 8 suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)
loss
②suffer作不及物動詞時,常與介詞　 　 連用,指遭受戰爭或自然災害帶來的苦難、患病或
遭受其他痛苦,意為“(身體或精神上)遭受……(痛苦);遭受……折磨;患……疾病”。
特別提醒
suffer和suffer from一般不用于被動語態。
詞匯拓展
①suffering n.疼痛;痛苦;折磨;苦難
②sufferer n.患者;受害者
from
There are many ways to reduce stress.有許多減輕壓力的方法。 (教材P102)
情景導學
I bought this shirt because it was reduced from $20 to $10.
我買這件襯衫是因為它從二十美元降到了十美元。
Recycling is expected to reduce production costs by 35 percent.
回收利用預計將生產成本降低35%。
They worked extremely hard to avoid being reduced to poverty.他們極其努力地工作,以避免陷
入貧困。
用法歸納
①reduce sth.(　　 ...)(　　 ...) 把某物 (從……)減少/降低(到……)(表示減少后達到的數量)
②reduce sth.　　 ...把某物減少/降低……(表示減少的幅度)
詞匯 9 reduce vt.減少(數量),降低(程度),縮小(規模);使降至(某種狀態、境地或角色)
from
to
by
③reduce sb./sth.(from...)　　 ...使某人/某物(從……)陷入……境地
情景助記
reduce sth. by...與reduce sth. to...

詞匯拓展
reduction n.減少,降低
Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.不知為什么,
這些論據和推理導致了全球錯誤的減少。　 (2023新課標Ⅰ)
to
...he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.……他受到他們的鼓
舞,要去最需要他的地方教學。 (教材P14)
情景導學
The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.他叔叔贏
得的欽佩和尊重激勵了尼爾森從事演藝事業。 (2021浙江)
These activities inspired the kids with confidence/inspired confidence in the kids.這些活動使孩
子們產生了信心。
用法歸納
①inspire sb. 　 　 sth.激勵某人做某事
②inspire sb. 　　 sth./inspire sth. 　　 sb.使某人產生某種感情,激起某人的某種感情
詞匯 10 inspire vt.鼓勵,激勵;激起;啟發思考;使產生
to do
with
in
詞匯拓展
①inspired adj.品質優秀的;能力卓越的
②inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激勵的;啟發靈感的
③inspiration n.靈感;啟發靈感的人(或事物);鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in
the future.這些小的習作提供了靈感,并可能在未來引出更復雜的作品。 (2023新課標Ⅱ)
④inspirational adj.啟發靈感的;鼓舞人心的
For that reason he applied, and became a volunteer teacher in a village school.出于那個原因,他
申請了,并成為一所鄉村學校的志愿教師。 (教材P14)
情景導學
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全駕駛規則適用于每一個人。
I’m writing to apply (to you) for the job advertised in the newspaper.我寫信是想(向您)申請登
在報紙上的那份工作。　(寫作·求職信)
Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下來的幾個月里,他致
力于改進這項技術。
You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more
annoying situations.你很快就會發現,你越培養耐心,你就越開始把它應用于其他更煩人的情
況。 (2023全國甲)
詞匯 11 apply vi.申請;請求;適用 vt.應用;涂,敷;勤奮工作
用法歸納
①apply (　　 sb.) 　　 sth.(向某人)申請某物
②apply 　　 sth./sb.適用于某物/某人
③apply A 　　 B　把A應用于B;把A涂在B上
④apply oneself 　　 (doing)...致力于(做)……
⑤apply to do sth.申請做某事
詞匯拓展
①application n.申請;應用
an application form申請表
an/the/one’s application to sb. for sth.向某人申請某物
②applicant n.申請人
to
for
to
to
to
The other two local teachers were responsible for maths and Chinese.另外兩名當地的教師負責
教數學和語文。 (教材P15)
情景導學
I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible
for a lot more.我知道作為一名高中生,我得更加努力地學習,并習慣承擔更多的責任。
用法歸納
be responsible 　　 ...對……負責
詞匯拓展
①responsibility n.責任;職責;任務
a sense of responsibility責任感
take/have responsibility for...對……負責
it is sb.’s responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的責任
詞匯 12 responsible adj.負責的;有責任心的
for
Under the policy of game restriction, parents should also take/have responsibility for family
education.在限制游戲的政策下,家長也應該對家庭教育負責。(China Daily)
It is every student’s responsibility to keep our campus clean and tidy.保持我們的校園整潔是
每個學生的責任。
②responsibly adv.負責任地
③irresponsible adj.不負責任的;沒有責任感的
...and they enjoy playing football in the playground, as well as singing songs they’ve learnt.……
而且他們喜歡在操場上踢足球,也喜歡唱學過的歌曲。 (教材P15)
情景導學
Knowing the bad situation, the boy’s parents decided to help Lucky as well as her son.得知這糟
糕的情況,男孩的父母決定幫助Lucky和她的兒子。
John, as well as his classmates, comes to the party.約翰,連同他的同學們,都來參加聚會了。
As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔斷了腿之外,還傷到了胳膊。
She cooks as well as her mother does.她做飯做得跟她母親一樣好。
用法歸納
①as well as可用于連接并列成分,如名詞(短語)、形容詞、介詞短語等。as well as 強調的重點在前面,不在后面。as well as連接兩個并列的名詞(短語)作主語時,謂語動詞的人 稱和數與
　　　　　 保持一致。
詞匯 13 as well as……以及……,……和……;除了……之外(還)
前面的主語
②as well as可用作介詞,相當于besides、in addition to,意為“　 　　　　 ”,后接名詞、
代詞、動名詞。
③as well as可表示同級比較,意為“　　　　　 ”。
詞匯拓展
as well相當于too和also,用于肯定句中,表示“也,同樣,而且”,一般位于句尾。
I’m going to London and my sister is going as well.我要去倫敦,我妹妹也要去。
除……之外(還)
和……一樣好
The contribution he made to the village was great...他對村子做出的貢獻是巨大的……(教材P15)
情景導學
I will also try my best to make a contribution/contributions to society;I firmly believe that a bright
future is waiting for us.我也會盡我最大的努力為社會做出貢獻,我堅信一個光明的未來正在
等待著我們?！?寫作·為社會做貢獻)
用法歸納
make a contribution/contributions 　　 ...對……做出貢獻
詞匯拓展
contribute v.捐獻,捐助,捐贈;促成,造成;撰稿,投稿
contribute to導致;有助于;向……捐款/投稿;為……做出貢獻
contribute...to...把……捐獻給……;把……投給……
詞匯 14 contribution n.貢獻;稿件;捐贈,捐款
to
I believe that every Chinese can contribute to the Chinese Dream.我相信每一個中國人都能
夠為中國夢做出貢獻。
We contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.我們向地震基金捐贈了五千英鎊。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她給這個雜志撰寫了一些文章。
Although he had only intended to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another year.盡
管他原本只打算待一年,但是現在他愿意再待一年。 (教材P15)
情景導學
Our English teacher intends us to finish that task as soon as possible.我們的英語老師想讓我們
盡快完成那項任務。
I intend to set/setting aside enough time to accompany my parents.我打算留出足夠的時間陪我
的父母。
I had intended to visit you last night, but it rained.=I intended to have visited you last night, but it
rained.昨晚我原本打算去拜訪你的,可是下起了雨。
用法歸納
①intend 　　　　　 sth.打算/計劃/想要做某事
詞匯 15 intend vt.計劃,打算,想要
to do/doing
②intend sb. 　　 sth.打算讓某人做某事
③had intended to do...=intended 　　　　　　　 ...原本打算做……
詞匯拓展
①intended adj.打算的,計劃的,預期的
be intended for...為……打算/設計的
be intended to do sth.為做某事而設計;旨在做某事
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone.然而,在簡單風
格的背后是一個面向每個人的嚴肅信息。 (2023全國甲)
②intention n.目的,意圖;打算
with the intention of doing...目的是做……
This plan was made with the intention of providing help for homeless people.制訂這個計劃是
為了幫助無家可歸的人。
to do
to have done
I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school.我希望你已
經很好地適應了新環境,并且喜歡你的新學校。 (教材P18)
情景導學
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快就使自己適應了這種新氣候。
This play is adapted from a novel written by Dack.這個劇本是根據達克寫的一部小說改編
的。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.這個作者將把他的劇本改編成電視節目。
We gradually adapted to the fast-paced city life and found it more efficient and more convenient.
我們逐漸適應了快節奏的城市生活,并發現它更高效、更方便。
用法歸納
①adapt 　　 ...適應……
詞匯 16 adapt v.(使)適應,(使)適合;改寫,改編
to
②adapt oneself　　 ...使某人自己適應……
③adapt...　　 ...把……改編成……
④be adapted 　　 ...改編自……;根據……改編
特別提醒
在adapt to...和adapt oneself to...中,to均為介詞,其后要跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。
詞匯拓展
①adaptation n.適應;改編本
The play is an adaptation of a novel.這個劇本是一部小說的改編本。
②adaptable adj.有適應能力的;能適應的
to
for
from
高頻詞匯積累
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
all in all 總而言之,總的來說 All in all, it was a good trip.總之,這是一次很好的旅行。
含有all的其他常用短語:
after all畢竟;終究;到底
above all最重要的是
in all總共;總計
first of all首先;第一
not at all一點也不
all of a sudden突然
recover vi.恢復健康,康復 recover from從……中康復
recovery n.恢復;痊愈
make a recovery (from...)(從……中)恢復,痊愈
injury n.傷,損害 serious injury/injuries重傷
injury to the head 頭部受傷
injure vt.使受傷;損害
injured adj.受傷的
unfortunately adv.不幸地;令人遺憾地 fortunately adv.幸運地
fortunate adj.幸運的
fortune n.大筆的錢;機會,運氣
misfortune n.不幸,厄運
challenge n.挑戰;具有挑戰性的事物;(比賽等的)邀請 vt.向……挑戰 face a challenge面臨挑戰
accept/take up a challenge接受挑戰
challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑戰某事物
challenge sb. to do sth.強烈建議/要求某人做某事
challenging adj.有挑戰性的
arise vi.(問題或困難)出現,發生 arise from/out of...(=result from...)由……引起;因……產生
addict n.對……著迷的人 I’m a cartoon addict! 我是個卡通迷!
addicted adj.上癮的;入迷的
become/get addicted to (doing)...沉迷于(做)……
addiction n.癮;入迷
target n.目標;靶子 vt.面向,把……對準(某群體)
(生義) meet/achieve a target完成/達到目標
a target area/audience/group目標區域/觀眾/群體
This activity is clearly targeted at the young.這個活動顯然是針對青年人的。
volunteer vi.& vt.自愿;志愿 n.志愿者 volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
voluntary adj.自愿的;主動的
stress n.壓力;憂慮;緊張;重要性 vt.重讀;使緊張;強調(生義) under stress在壓力下
lay/put stress on sth.強調某事物
stress sb. out使某人焦慮不安
it must be stressed that...必須著重指出的是……
stressed adj.焦慮不安的
stressful adj.壓力重的;緊張的
organise vt.組織,籌劃 organisation n.組織;機構
organiser n.組織者
organised adj.有組織的;有條理的
typical adj.平常的,一貫的;典型的 be typical of...是……的典型
it is typical of sb. to do sth.某人一貫做某事
graduate vi.畢業 n.大學畢業生;學士學位獲得者 graduate from...畢業于……(學校)
graduate in...獲得……(專業)學位
graduation n.畢業;畢業典禮
after graduation畢業后
eager adj.熱切的;渴望的 be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
eagerly adv.渴望地;急切地
eagerness n.熱切,渴望
give up 放棄 含有give的其他常用短語:
give away贈送;分發;泄露
give back歸還,送回
give in屈服;投降;交上
give off發出,放出(氣味、熱、光等)
give out用完,耗盡;分發;發出,放出(熱、光等)
...I work so much that I feel I don’t see my family enough.……我工作如此多,以至于我感到沒
有足夠的時間和家人待在一起。 (教材P101)
I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.我在所有課上總是專心聽講并積極思考,以便放學后我能有更多空閑時間做我感興趣的其他事情。 (教材P9)
情景導學
He hurried up so that he caught the train.他匆匆趕路,結果趕上了火車。
He hurried up so that he could catch the train.他匆匆趕路以便能趕上火車。
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天氣如此熱,誰也不想做任何事情。
經典結構 情境破
結構 1 so...that...和so that
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受的教育很少,不適合做這份工作。
They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes.他們遞給他如此多的卡片,
以至于裝滿了幾個大箱子。
The tears were streaming so fast that she could not see.眼淚流得太快了,她的視線模糊了。
(讀后續寫·神態描寫)
用法歸納
①so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,引導　　 狀語從句。
so...that...的基本結構:
so+adj./　　 +that...
so+　　 +a/an+可數名詞單數+that...
so+　　 /few+可數名詞復數+that...
結果
adv.
adj.
many
so+much/little+　　　　　 +that...
②so that可引導　　 狀語從句,意為“以便,為了”,也可引導　　 狀語從句,意為“結果,
因此”。so that引導目的狀語從句時,從句中常使用can、could、may、might等情態動詞;so
that引導結果狀語從句時,從句中一般不用類似的情態動詞,so that前可以有逗號。
結構拓展
such...that...也可引導結果狀語從句。such...that...的基本結構:
(1)such+a/an+adj.+可數名詞單數+that...
Ms. Yang is such a responsible teacher that all the students love her very much.楊老師是一位
如此負責任的老師,所有學生都很愛她。 (寫作·人物介紹)
(2)such+adj.+可數名詞復數/不可數名詞+that...
He told such funny stories that we all laughed.他講了如此滑稽的故事,以至于我們都笑了。
不可數名詞
目的
結果
I find waiting for exam results very stressful.我覺得等待考試結果非常有壓力。 (教材P12)
情景導學
When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.當他醒來時,他發現自己在醫院里。
I found a number of people already working there.我發現很多人已經在那里工作了。
When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.當我打開門時,我發現地面
上覆蓋著落葉。 (讀后續寫·環境描寫)
I find it relaxing to listen to some soft music after work.我發現工作之后聽一些輕柔的音樂令人放松。
結構 2 find+賓語+賓語補足語
用法歸納
①在“find+賓語+賓語補足語”結構中,賓語通常為名詞(短語)或代詞,賓語補足語可由名詞
(短語)、形容詞(短語)、副詞、　　 短語、　　 (短語)(表賓語在進行的主動動作)、
　 (短語)(表被動或完成)等充當。
②當不定式短語或從句作賓語時,為了保持句子的結構平衡,通常用　　 作形式賓語,而將
真正的賓語放在賓語補足語后面。
介詞
現在分詞
過去分詞
it
長難句圖解
Sentence 1
譯文　在我購物前,能夠比較不同的網上商店的質量和價格是非常方便的。
Sentence 2
譯文　事實上,我非常清楚我有時需要強迫自己遠離網絡世界,特別是因為現實生活也可以
一樣有趣。
形式主語
時間狀語從句
賓語從句
原因狀語從句
Sentence 3
譯文　我總是在所有課上專心聽講并積極思考,以便放學后我能有更多空閑時間做我感興趣
的其他事情。
Sentence 4
譯文　讓他感到欣慰的是他的學生能夠讀英語、說英語和寫英語,并且他們在學習上變得更
自信。
目的狀語從句
后置定語
定語從句
主語從句
表語從句
動詞不定式
不定式雖然不能單獨作謂語,但保留著動詞的某些特征,可帶自己的賓語和狀語,從而形成不
定式短語。不定式(短語)在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語和狀語。
一、不定式的基本形式和否定式
1.不定式的基本形式和否定式
不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”,其否定式是在其前加上not。
　　He warned me to take an umbrella.他提醒我帶把雨傘。
　　He warned me not to be late.他提醒我不要遲到。
必備語法 情景破
2.不定式的時態形式、語態形式
主動形式 被動形式 意義
to do to be done 不定式表示的動作與句中謂語動詞表示的動作沒有時間先后順序
to be doing / 不定式表示的動作與句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生
to have done to have been done 不定式表示的動作發生在句中謂語動詞表示的動作之前
二、不定式的功能
1.作主語
情景導學
To learn English well is very important.學好英語很重要。
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.與他談話是一件樂事。
It’s kind of you to help me with my English.你幫我學英語真是太好了。
用法歸納
(1)動詞不定式作主語表示具體的動作。
(2)不定式可放在句首作主語,但為了使句子平衡,常用①　　 作形式主語放在句首,而將真
正的主語(不定式)放到句末。常用句型有“It is+名詞(one’s duty、a pity、a shame...)+to dosth.”和“It is+形容詞+for/of sb. to do sth.”。
it
注意:“It is+形容詞+for sb. to do sth.”句型中的形容詞一般表示事物的特點;而“It is+形容詞+of sb. to do sth.”句型中的形容詞一般表示人的性格、品德、心智能力、主觀感情或態度。
2.作賓語
情景導學
He decided to work in that factory.他決定在那家工廠工作。
I find it interesting to stay with you.我發覺與你待在一起很有趣。
用法歸納
(1)有些動詞后只能跟不定式作賓語。
(2)動詞不定式作賓語且后面有賓語補足語時,常用②　　 作形式賓語,把真正的賓語(不定
式)放在賓語補足語之后。
it
巧學助記
用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞:
三個希望倆答應(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)
兩個要求莫拒絕(demand, ask, refuse)
設法學會做決定(manage, learn, decide, determine)
不要假裝在選擇(pretend, choose, elect)
打算提出倆計劃(intend, offer, plan, mean)
申請失敗付得起(apply, fail, afford)
準備愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
3.作賓語補足語
情景導學
The teacher advised us to learn through experiment.老師建議我們通過實驗來學習。
We heard him say goodbye to his friends.我們聽見他向他的朋友們道別。
→He was heard to say goodbye to his friends.他被聽到向他的朋友們道別。
He often comes to help us (to) do some farm work.他經常來幫我們干一些農活。
用法歸納
(1)可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞(短語)有ask、tell、order、want、get、would like、advise、invite、allow、wish、warn、expect、encourage、force、teach等,不定式符號to
③　　 省略。
(2)有些使役動詞和感官動詞(短語),如have、let、make、feel、hear、listen to、notice、see、
watch、observe、look at等,在主動結構中跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,在變為被動
形式時,不定式作主語補足語,不能省略④　　 。
不能
to
(3)動詞⑤　　 接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時,不定式符號to可省略也可不省略。
4.作表語
情景導學
My hope is to become a scientist.我希望成為一名科學家。
My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語。
用法歸納
　　動詞不定式作表語可表示主語的責任或義務、主語將來的行為或主語的內容或性質。
5.作定語
情景導學
The farmers came up with ways to protect their crops.農民們想出了保護莊稼的方法。
He was the last one to arrive at the classroom this morning.今天早上他是最后一個到教室的。
Would you please give me some paper to write on 你能給我一些紙寫字嗎
help
用法歸納
(1)動詞不定式可作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞。
(2)常用結構:the+序數詞/形容詞最高級/very/only/⑥　　 +名詞/代詞+to do。
(3)作定語的不定式若為不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地
點、工具等,其后須有與之搭配的介詞。如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place、time、way時,不
定式后面的介詞習慣上可以省去。
6.作狀語
動詞不定式作狀語,可表示目的、結果、原因等。
情景導學
To/In order to get there before eight, I started early.為了在八點以前到達那里,我很早就動身了。
last
I am very sorry to hear that.聽到這件事我很難過。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了那個房間,結果什么也沒發現。
用法歸納
(1)表目的。為了強調表示目的的不定式結構,可在不定式前加上⑦　　　　　 或so as,但
so as to do一般不放在句首。
(2)表原因。動詞不定式放在系表結構后面,表示產生某種情緒或狀態的原因。
(3)表結果。so/such...as to do、too...to do、...enough to do等結構中的不定式表示結果,而
⑧　　 to do常表示出乎意料的結果。
in order
only
三、“疑問詞+不定式”結構
情景導學
When to hold the meeting has not been decided.什么時候開會還沒有決定。
It’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.當我搬出去時,知道如何掩蓋洞和重新粉刷房間以避免任何費用是很有用的。
(2023全國甲)
用法歸納
　　who、what、which、⑨　　 、where和 　　 等特殊疑問詞后接不定式可以構成
一種特殊的不定式短語,常在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等。
when
how
-ed/-ing 形容詞
一、概述
　　有些動詞的-ed形式可用作形容詞,描述人的情感,通常意為“感到……的”。有些動詞
的-ing形式可用作形容詞,描述情境、人或事物,通常意為“令人……的;使人……的”。但
在expression、look(表情)、face、smile、voice等詞前,常用-ed形式的形容詞。
二、句法功能
情景導學
They were frightened when they heard that the lion had got out of its cage.他們聽說那頭獅子從
籠子里逃脫后,感到害怕。
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.許多人在晚上睡覺前喜
歡聽令人放松的音樂。 (2021北京)
I found the book so interesting that I kept on reading it until daybreak.我發現這本書如此有趣,
以至于我一直讀到黎明。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.長途旅行后,他們三個回到家,又餓又累。
用法歸納
　　-ed形式的形容詞和-ing形式的形容詞可以在句中作 　　 、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。
三、常見的-ed形式的形容詞和-ing形式的形容詞
interested感興趣的→interesting有趣的
excited興奮的→exciting令人興奮的
surprised驚奇的→surprising令人驚奇的
astonished吃驚的→astonishing令人十分驚訝的
frightened害怕的→frightening令人害怕的
embarrassed尷尬的→embarrassing令人尷尬的
disappointed失望的→disappointing令人失望的
定語
relaxed放松的→relaxing令人放松的
moved感動的→moving令人感動的
pleased滿意的→pleasing令人滿意的
即時鞏固
單句語法填空
1.(2022全國甲)Cao decided 　　　　 (cover) the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road.
2.(2020天津)One way to begin is 　　　　 (answer) your own excuses.
3.(2020全國Ⅱ)The parents were asked 　 　　　 (interact) with their children as they normally
would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.
4.Tom took a taxi to the airport only 　　　　 (find) his plane high up in the sky.
5.It is a great honor for me 　　　　 (have) an opportunity to attend the interview here today.
6.Lost in despair, the fellow didn’t know how 　 　　　 (handle) the embarrassing situation.
7.It was 　 　　 　 (challenge) at first, but with practice and determination, I gradually improved.
to cover
to answer
to interact
to find
to have
to handle
challenging
8.In their spare time, they are 　　　　 (interest) in planting vegetables in their garden, which
is on the rooftop of their house.
9.Stephanie gave me a 　　　　 (disappoint) look, and left Nelson’s room, followed by my
dad.
10.On seeing the 　　　　 scene, the little girl was so 　 　　　 that she burst out crying.
(frighten)
interested
disappointed
frightening
frightened

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