資源簡介 (共76張PPT) Comments beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded評論 美麗的、安靜的、綠色的、繁忙的、擁擠的 (教材P28)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Has anyone made a comment about/on the online database 有人對在線數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)表過意見嗎 “Very delicious!” Mother commented, hugging the girls tightly.“很好吃!”母親評論道,緊緊地?fù)肀е畠簜儭?(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)Jean commented that she thought it was time for us to go home.瓊評論說她認(rèn)為我們該回家了。高頻詞匯精講詞匯 1 comment n.評論;意見 vi.& vt.評論;發(fā)表意見高頻詞匯 情景破 As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourselfif others comment on what you're doing.當(dāng)你改變你的生活方式時,你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn),如果別人對你的所作所為發(fā)表評論,你會想為自己說好話。 (2023浙江1月)用法歸納 ①make a comment/comments ...對……進(jìn)行評論/發(fā)表意見 ②comment /upon...評論……;對……發(fā)表意見③comment+ 評論說……on/abouton that從句 to survive a storm 從風(fēng)暴中活下來 (教材P30)詞匯 2 survive v.活下來;幸存;比……活得長;幸免于難,挺過(難關(guān))情景導(dǎo)學(xué)I can't survive on $50 a week.一周50美元,我無法維持我的生活。Most women survive their spouses by several years.大多數(shù)女性比她們的配偶多活好幾年。Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.一些奇怪的習(xí)俗是從早年留存下來的。That project not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't.那個項(xiàng)目不僅在封鎖期間幸存下來,而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不起作用的地方發(fā)揮了作用。 (2023北京改編)用法歸納①survive sth. 幸免于某事物;從某事物中挺過來/活過來②survive sb. ...比某人多活……③survive ...從……存活下來/留存下來④survive ...靠……存活/生存詞匯拓展①survival n.[U]幸存,存活;[C]幸存事物,殘存物②survivor n.幸存者,生還者byfromon The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一聽到這個詞就變得非常害怕。 (教材P30)詞匯 3 frightened adj.受驚的,害怕的情景導(dǎo)學(xué)He was frightened to walk at night.他害怕在夜里走路。She was frightened that she might be laughed at by others.她害怕自己可能會被他人嘲笑。 (讀后續(xù)寫·心理描寫)I was frightened of thunder when I was young.我小的時候害怕雷聲。It's dangerous to guide the Asian elephants south because elephants may attack people if they arefrightened.帶領(lǐng)亞洲象往南走是很危險的,因?yàn)槿绻笙笫荏@,它們可能會攻擊人。 (ChinaDaily)用法歸納①be frightened (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事②be frightened ...害怕做……③be frightened+ ...害怕……④be frightened to death 嚇得要死ofto dothat從句詞匯拓展①frightening adj.令人驚恐的,駭人的 My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.我最可怕但最神奇的經(jīng)歷當(dāng)時被永遠(yuǎn)地記錄在一張照片中。②frighten vt.使害怕,使驚嚇 vi.害怕,受驚嚇frighten...away/off把……嚇走;把……嚇得不敢(做某事)frighten sb. into (doing) sth.把某人嚇得做某事frighten sb. to death把某人嚇得要死③fright n.驚嚇,恐怖;恐怖的經(jīng)歷with fright害怕地 The little girl was frightened at the sight of the frightening snake and was shaking with fright.這個小女孩一看到這條可怕的蛇就感到很害怕,嚇得發(fā)抖。 (讀后續(xù)寫·情節(jié)描寫)易混辨析frightened 表示“害怕的,受驚的”,可用作定語或表語,常形容人的主觀感受,也可修飾人的表情、聲音等frightening 表示“令人害怕的”,可用作定語或表語,常形容事物本身具有的性質(zhì) After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.過了一會兒,我開始對旋渦本身感到好奇。 (教材P31)詞匯 4 curious adj.好奇的;求知欲強(qiáng)的;稀奇古怪的情景導(dǎo)學(xué)I was curious to find out what had happened to him.我真想弄清楚他身上發(fā)生了什么。The audience is curious about how Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut in space.觀眾很好奇楊利偉是如何成為中國第一位進(jìn)入太空的航天員的。用法歸納①be curious ...對……感到好奇②be curious sth.很想做某事aboutto do詞匯拓展①curiously adv.好奇地②curiosity n.好奇心out of curiosity出于好奇show curiosity about...對……顯露出好奇心 I then made three important observations.后來我得到了三個重要的觀察結(jié)果。 (教材P31)詞匯 5 observation n.觀察;觀察結(jié)果;觀測;監(jiān)視情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The doctors are under observation at present.這些醫(yī)生目前正在觀察之中。China sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurementsand observations.中國派出嫦娥四號探測月球背面的地面,進(jìn)行測量和觀測。用法歸納① observation 在觀察中;在監(jiān)視下②make observations under進(jìn)行觀測詞匯拓展①observe v.看到,注意到;觀察,注視,監(jiān)視;遵守(規(guī)則、法律等);慶祝,慶賀observe sb. do/doing sth.看到某人做了/正在做某事observe+that/wh-從句 注意到……observe a rule/the law遵守規(guī)則/法律 We cannot always observe all the customs handed down to us from the past.我們不能總是遵守從過去傳下來的所有的習(xí)俗。 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing hownature solved problems.當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候,他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林,觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。 (2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ) The police observed a man enter the bank.警察注意到一名男子走進(jìn)了銀行。②observer n.觀察者特別提醒observe后可用省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,但在被動語態(tài)中,即不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語時,to不能省略。...the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly...……第二,在兩個同樣大小的物體之間,圓的物體下落得更快…… (教材P31)詞匯 6 equal adj.相等的;相同的;平等的;能勝任的 n.同等的人 v.與……相等;比得上,敵得過情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Are you sure he is equal to the work 你確定他能勝任這份工作嗎 The three newly approved chicken varieties are equal to imports in terms of the growth rate, meatproduction and the feed-conversion rate.新批準(zhǔn)的三種雞在生長速度、產(chǎn)肉量和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率方面和進(jìn)口雞是一樣的。 (China Daily)He is a basketball player without equal.他是一個無與倫比的籃球運(yùn)動員。No one can equal me in making efforts.在努力方面,沒有人能敵得過我。用法歸納 ①be equal ...與……相等;能勝任/能應(yīng)付……( 為介詞)②be equal in...在……方面平等 ③be without equal/have no equal ④A equal(s) B (doing) sth. A在(做)某事上比得上或敵得過Btoto無與倫比;無敵in詞匯拓展①equally adv.平等地;同樣地;相等地 A few weeks later I was equally shocked.幾周后我同樣感到震驚。 (2023北京)②equality n.平等;相等;均等racial/social/sexual equality種族/社會/男女平等 All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basicdemand.人人生而平等,所以每個人都希望被平等對待,因?yàn)槠降仁腔疽蟆?br/> Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.沒有等待,我跳進(jìn)海里試圖逃跑。 (教材P31)詞匯 7 escape vi.& vt.逃離;逃避 n.逃跑,逃脫,逃避;暫時解脫情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.Ziyad從樹上逃跑時,成年蜜蜂很生氣,不斷攻擊。 (2023浙江1月)The naughty boy escaped being punished at last.那個淘氣的男孩最終沒有受到懲罰。However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into ourown world.然而,當(dāng)我們尋求獨(dú)處時,我們必須小心,不要總是逃到自己的世界。She had a narrow escape.她是死里逃生。用法歸納 ①escape ...從……逃脫②escape ( ) sth.避免/逃脫(做)某事③escape to/into...逃往/逃進(jìn)……④a narrow escape ⑤make one's escape某人逃跑fromdoing死里逃生 In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake...在尼泊爾地震的一次救援行動中…… (教材P34)詞匯 8 attempt n.& vt.努力,企圖,試圖,嘗試情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The two girls failed to make bread at the first attempt, looking at each other without knowingwhat to do.這兩個女孩第一次嘗試做面包就失敗了,她們看著對方,不知道該做什么。 (讀后續(xù)寫·情節(jié)描寫)The newspaper made an attempt to package news as entertainment.這家報社試圖把新聞包裝成娛樂形式。This town bans the use of plastic bags in an attempt to protect the environment and cut waste.這個鎮(zhèn)禁止使用塑料袋,以保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少浪費(fèi)。The UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites programme attempts to protect and preserve the bestof human history.聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)計(jì)劃試圖保護(hù)和保存人類歷史上最好的東西。用法歸納 ①in an attempt sth.為了做某事②make an attempt sth./at (doing) sth.試圖做某事③ the first attempt第一次嘗試 ④attempt sth.試圖/努力做某事詞匯拓展attempted adj.未遂的to doto do atto do As you know,natural disasters like earthquakes,floods and landslides can cause death andother loss and damage that is hard to measure.正如你所知道的,像地震、洪水和山體滑坡這樣的自然災(zāi)害會造成死亡和其他難以估量的損失和破壞。 (教材P103)詞匯 9 damage n.傷害,損傷,損害 v.損害,傷害;損壞,破壞情景導(dǎo)學(xué)I come to you to apologize for causing damage indirectly.我來找你為我間接造成了破壞道歉。The damage to his reputation was considerable.他的聲譽(yù)受到的損害相當(dāng)大。The accident did severe damage to his liver.這起事故對他的肝臟造成了嚴(yán)重的損害。The car was badly damaged in the accident.這輛汽車在事故中嚴(yán)重受損。用法歸納 ①do/cause damage ( ...) (對……)造成破壞/傷害②serious/severe/minor damage重大的/嚴(yán)重的/輕微的損壞 ③be badly damaged 易混辨析damage 多指輕度損壞、部分性損壞,一般是可修復(fù)的ruin 多指自然因素對建筑物、動植物、城鎮(zhèn)等造成嚴(yán)重破壞,破壞的后果往往是事物喪失價值;也可指使假期、希望、夢想、前程等美好的事物盡毀或嚴(yán)重危害健康等destroy 指徹底地毀掉或毀滅,使無法修復(fù)或不復(fù)存在;也可指希望、計(jì)劃等落空to遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害 ...and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.……以及其他難以估量的損失和損害。 (教材P103)詞匯 10 measure vt.估量,衡量;測量 n.措施,方法;判斷;衡量情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Success is not always measured by wealth.成功并不總是用財富衡量的。She measured the customer for a new suit.為了(做)一套新衣服,她給那個顧客量了尺寸。Special measures will be taken to safeguard the objects.將采取特殊措施來保護(hù)這些物品。He angered me beyond measure.他使我非常生氣。用法歸納 ①measure... ...用……來計(jì)量/衡量……②measure sb. ...為……而給某人量尺寸 ③take measures ( sth.)采取措施(做某事)④ measure 非常,極其⑤in full measure最大程度地;最大限度地⑥made to measure量身定制特別提醒(1)measure表示“措施”之意時常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式measures;(2)measure還可用作連系動詞,表示“有……長(寬、高等)”,后跟測量的數(shù)值,不用于進(jìn)行時和被動語態(tài),作定語時要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,有類似用法的還有weigh。byforto dobeyond詞匯拓展measurement n.測量,度量;尺寸,長度 Mr Wang, I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas...王先生,我知道你參與了很多海外救援行動…… (教材P103)詞匯 11 operation n.行動,活動;手術(shù);操作;運(yùn)作情景導(dǎo)學(xué)When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時,要遠(yuǎn)離它。Climate prediction has only come into operation in recent years.氣候預(yù)測只是在近幾年才開始實(shí)施。The doctor performed a knee replacement operation on a woman patient.醫(yī)生給一位女病人做了膝關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)。 (2021全國乙改編)We hope to bring the seven new stations into operation by the middle of this year.我們希望將七個新的站點(diǎn)在今年年中前投入使用。用法歸納①bring/put... operation使……運(yùn)作/運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);實(shí)施……②come/go operation開始實(shí)施;開始生效③ operation工作中;使用中;有效④perform an operation sb.給某人做手術(shù)intointoinon詞匯拓展①operate v.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),工作;做手術(shù);起作用;操作;經(jīng)營operate on...=give/perform an operation on...給……做手術(shù)be operated by...由……操作 The doctor decided to operate on the patient's eyes.醫(yī)生決定給這個病人的眼睛動手術(shù)。 A drone is an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control.無人機(jī)是一種沒有飛行員的飛機(jī),通過遙控操作。②operator n.操作人員;技工;接線員;經(jīng)營者 Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the sametime, help railway operators save billions of euros each year 一小群無人機(jī)能保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性,同時幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元嗎 (2022全國乙)But it's our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.但我們有責(zé)任盡最大努力減少痛苦和生命的喪失。(教材P104)詞匯 12 suffering n.(肉體或精神上的)痛苦;折磨詞匯拓展suffer v.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦;遭受,蒙受suffer from...遭受……之苦;患……病 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.在樹木遭受最嚴(yán)重缺水的地區(qū),大樹的損失最大。 A large number of people around the world are still suffering from lack of food.全世界仍有大量的人遭受著缺乏食物的痛苦。特別提醒suffer用作及物動詞時,其后常接的賓語有l(wèi)oss、pain、injury、punishment、hunger、defeat等;suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭、自然災(zāi)害等帶來的苦難及患病之意。 ...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.……兩隊(duì)都籌備了糧食基地,為他們第二年的旅程做準(zhǔn)備。 (教材P36)詞匯 13 preparation n.準(zhǔn)備,預(yù)備;準(zhǔn)備工作情景導(dǎo)學(xué)In preparation for the Olympic Winter Games,the government built several stadiums.為冬季奧運(yùn)會做準(zhǔn)備,政府建了幾個體育場。As the running race was coming, students were making preparations for it.隨著跑步比賽即將到來,學(xué)生們正在為它做準(zhǔn)備。用法歸納①in preparation ...為……做準(zhǔn)備②make for...為……做準(zhǔn)備forpreparations詞匯拓展①prepare v.使做好準(zhǔn)備;準(zhǔn)備prepare sb. for sth.使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備prepare to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事prepare for...為……做準(zhǔn)備(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作) The teacher is preparing a quiz, while the students are preparing for it.老師正在準(zhǔn)備一次測試,而學(xué)生們正在為測試做準(zhǔn)備。②prepared adj.準(zhǔn)備好;有所準(zhǔn)備;愿意;事先做好的be prepared for sth.為某事做好準(zhǔn)備(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))be prepared to do sth.愿意做某事 First, his two sledges broke down...先是他的兩輛雪橇壞了…… (教材P36)詞匯 14 break down 停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),出故障;垮掉;(使)分解;失敗;禁不住哭出來;消除情景導(dǎo)學(xué)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.塑料分解需要數(shù)百年,但紙張分解需要的時間要少得多。My brother's health broke down under the pressure of work.我哥哥因工作壓力身體垮掉了。詞匯拓展①break in強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入②break out爆發(fā);突然開始 A fire broke out near here yesterday.昨天這附近突然發(fā)生了一場火災(zāi)。③break into強(qiáng)行闖入;突然開始(笑、唱等)④break off折斷;中斷⑤break up結(jié)束;(物理)分解;打碎;破裂;解散 The meeting didn't break up until noon.集會到中午才結(jié)束。⑥break through克服;戰(zhàn)勝;突破;取得突破⑦break away from突然掙脫;逃脫特別提醒break up和break down都可以表示“分解”。break up表示物理上的分解;break down表示化學(xué)上的分解,即通過分解生成了新的物質(zhì)。情景助記break down各詞義辨析分解 出故障 情不自禁地哭起來 談判失敗詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展crowded adj.擁擠的;擠滿人的;充滿的 be crowded with...擠滿了……crowd n.人群 vt.擠滿;塞滿;使……擁擠crowds of...成群的……the crowd群眾Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.成千上萬的人把狹窄的街道擠得水泄不通。高頻詞匯積累shock vt.使震驚;使難以置信n.震驚;令人震驚的事;驚嚇;休克;劇烈震動 be shocked at...對……感到震驚be shocked to do...因做……而感到震驚shock表示“令人震驚的事”時為可數(shù)名詞,常用單數(shù)形式。come as a shock讓人震驚The news of her promotion came as a shock.她晉升的消息讓人震驚。shocking adj.令人震驚的;令人氣憤的file n.檔案,卷宗;文件 v.把……歸檔;提起(訴訟);排成一行行走(生義) He is organized and files everything by season.他很有條理,把所有東西按季節(jié)歸檔。extent n.面積;長度;范圍;程度 to a certain extent在一定程度上to some extent在某種程度上trap vt.使陷于危險中;困住;誘使n.陷阱,圈套;困境 be trapped in...被困在……trap sb. into (doing) sth.誘使某人做某事fall into/avoid the trap of do-ing sth.落入/避開做某事的陷阱death n.死,死亡;生命的終止,死亡狀態(tài);毀滅 a sudden death猝死frighten/scare sb. to death把某人嚇得要死die v.死亡;凋謝;消失;消亡die of/from...死于……be dying for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/極想做某事die out滅絕;消失dead adj.死的;失去生命的 n.死者;死 adv.完全地;非常;極度dying adj.臨死的;垂死的conduct vt.& vi.指揮 vt.實(shí)施;進(jìn)行;執(zhí)行;組織;安排;傳導(dǎo)(熱或電等能量);引導(dǎo);帶領(lǐng);為(某人)導(dǎo)游;舉止n.行為,舉止;經(jīng)營方式(生義) conduct an experiment/a survey做實(shí)驗(yàn)/進(jìn)行調(diào)查Who conducted the band this evening 今天晚上誰指揮的樂團(tuán) Other people judge him by his conduct.別人通過他的行為來評價他。conductor n.(樂隊(duì)、合唱隊(duì)等的)指揮;導(dǎo)體;售票員conduction n.(熱或電等能量的)傳導(dǎo)breathe vi.& vt.呼吸vt.呼出;低聲說(生義) breathe in吸氣breathe out呼氣breathe deeply深吸一口氣breathe a sigh of relief安心地松一口氣base n.基地,大本營;基礎(chǔ);根基 vt.以……為基地 be based on...以……為基礎(chǔ)(或根據(jù))be based in/at...把總部設(shè)在……;以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)basic adj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的;初級的;基本需要的basis n.基礎(chǔ);基準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則;原因;緣由on the basis of...根據(jù)……on a(n)...basis以……方式/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)anxiously adv.焦慮地;不安地 anxious adj.焦慮的;憂慮的;擔(dān)心的;渴望;非常希望be anxious about sth./for sb.為……焦慮;擔(dān)心……be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事be anxious for.../that...渴望……anxiety n.焦慮;憂慮;擔(dān)心;渴望ambition n.抱負(fù),雄心;追求的目標(biāo),夙愿 achieve one's ambition實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夙愿a lifelong ambition終身追求的目標(biāo)ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的;費(fèi)力的;耗資的prove vt.證明;證實(shí) linking v.被發(fā)現(xiàn)是,證明是 prove sth. to sb.向某人證明某事prove+that從句 證明……prove sb.+形容詞 證明某人是……的prove (to be)+名詞/形容詞 被證明是……distant adj.久遠(yuǎn)的;遙遠(yuǎn)的;遠(yuǎn)房的;疏遠(yuǎn)的 a distant cousin遠(yuǎn)房表親distance n.距離;遠(yuǎn)處;疏遠(yuǎn)in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處at/from a distance離一段距離;從遠(yuǎn)處keep sb. at a distance與某人保持一定距離shelter n.避難所;居所;遮蔽;庇護(hù) vt.保護(hù);掩蔽 vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險) take shelter from...躲避……shelter sb./sth. from...保護(hù)某人/某物免受……shelter from...躲避……It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.用了不到一天的時間,我的頭發(fā)就從黑色變成了白色。 (教材P30)經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu) 情景破結(jié)構(gòu) 1 it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時間情景導(dǎo)學(xué)It takes me an hour to practice running every day in order to do well in the sports meeting.我每天花一個小時練習(xí)跑步,以便在運(yùn)動會上表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異。 (寫作·體育鍛煉)It took the workers 3 years to build the bridge.工人們花了3年時間建造這座橋。It takes a lot of courage to risk one's own life to save someone else's.冒著自己的生命危險拯救別人的生命需要很多勇氣。用法歸納it takes/took+一段時間/金錢+for sb./sth. to do sth.=it takes/took sb./sth.+一段時間/金錢+to dosth.,表示“做某事花費(fèi)某人/某物多少時間或金錢”,句型中的 是形式主語,真正的主語是 。可用于該句型中的名詞還有courage、love等。itto do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)拓展(1)it代替不定式短語作句子主語而將不定式短語后置的其他常見句型有:①It+be+形容詞(brave、kind等)+(of sb.) to do sth.,不定式的邏輯主語由of引出,句中的形容詞通常是表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。②It+be+形容詞(important、necessary、vital等)+(for sb.) to do sth.,不定式的邏輯主語由for引出,句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性、緊迫性等情況的形容詞。③It+be+名詞詞組(a good habit、a good idea等)+to do sth.(2)it作形式賓語的句型:動詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/名詞)+不定式短語。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有find、think、believe、feel、consider等。 I think it necessary to learn English well.我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很有必要。易混辨析主語 (直接)賓語 常用結(jié)構(gòu)take 事 時間/ 金錢 it takes sb./sth. some time/money to do sth.做某事花費(fèi)某人/某物多少時間/錢; sth.take(s) some time/money某事花費(fèi)多少時間/錢pay 人 金錢 sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人為某物支付多少錢spend 人 時間/ 金錢 sb. spend(s) some money on (doing)sth.某人花費(fèi)多少錢在(做)某事上;sb. spend(s) some time (in)doing sth./on sth.某人花費(fèi)多少時間做某事/在某事上cost 物 金錢 sth. cost(s) sb. some money某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢特別提醒cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,一般不能用于被動語態(tài)。 The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell...第一,物體越大,下落得越快…… (教材P31)結(jié)構(gòu) 2 “the+比較級...,the+比較級...”結(jié)構(gòu)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The rarer, the dearer.物以稀為貴。The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.我們鍛煉得越多,心臟就越強(qiáng)壯。 (2022新高考Ⅱ)The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力,你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。用法歸納①“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”表示“ ”,表示后者隨著前者的變化而變化,the用在形容詞或副詞的比較級前。②若后面用一般將來時,前面常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。前后都可以有所省略,特別是在諺語、俗語中。結(jié)構(gòu)拓展 “比較級+and+比較級”意為“越來越……”;如果是多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞,則用“moreand more+多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞原級”。 She's becoming more and more active.她變得越來越積極了。 With the summer coming, the day is becoming longer and longer.隨著夏天的到來,白天變得越來越長。越……,就越……Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接著漆黑的極地冬季來臨了。 (教材P36)結(jié)構(gòu) 3 完全倒裝情景導(dǎo)學(xué)In came their father.他們的爸爸進(jìn)來了。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。Now comes your turn.現(xiàn)在輪到你了。On the stage stood my classmates, practicing dancing carefully.我的同學(xué)站在舞臺上,仔細(xì)地練習(xí)跳舞。用法歸納 完全倒裝是指將整個謂語部分置于主語前。構(gòu)成完全倒裝的條件:①表示地點(diǎn)、方向的副詞 、there、 、out、down、away等,表示時間的副詞 、then等,以及表示地點(diǎn)的 位于句首。②句子的謂語動詞是be、 、go、 、lie等。③句子的主語是名詞。特別提醒(1)完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)只限于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時;(2)謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定;(3)主語為代詞時,句子不使用完全倒裝。 Here he comes.他來了。hereinnow介詞短語comestand情景助記 He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他讓成群的狗拉著雪橇,所有隊(duì)員都坐在滑雪板上。 (教材P36)結(jié)構(gòu) 4 have+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The guide told us funny stories and had us laughing during the journey.旅行期間導(dǎo)游給我們講有趣的故事,使我們一直笑。Don't you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not 難道你不喜歡讓某個人告訴你褲子好不好看嗎 As I left I had my computer repaired.臨走時,我找人修理了電腦。用法歸納①have sb./sth. sth.讓某人/某物一直做某事(動作具有持續(xù)進(jìn)行的含義)②have sb. sth.讓某人做某事③have sth. 讓/請別人做某事結(jié)構(gòu)拓展 常見的可用于“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有see、hear、watch、notice等。doingdodoneSentence 1譯文 這可能看起來很奇怪,但在我們處在旋渦邊緣的那一刻,我感覺比我們向它移動時更冷靜。長難句 圖解非限制性定語Sentence 2譯文 我開始想,以這樣的方式死去是多么令人驚嘆的一件事情,看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。主語主語Sentence 3譯文 我仍然被綁在桶上,海浪很快把我?guī)У搅似渌麧O民所在的區(qū)域。定語Sentence 4譯文 在他前往南極洲的途中,他收到了挪威探險家羅爾德·阿蒙森的信息,說他也要南下。時間messageSentence 5譯文 我們知道可憐的奧茨正在走向死亡,不過,盡管我們試圖阻止他,但我們知道這是一個勇敢的人和一個英國紳士的行為。讓步必備語法 情景破關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞主要有when、where、why,在定語從句中作狀語。情景導(dǎo)學(xué)1I still remember the time when I first became a college student.我仍然記得我初為大學(xué)生的那段時光。I have forgotten the exact date when this country became independent.我忘記這個國家獨(dú)立的確切日期了。Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were di-vided geographically.多年來,該系統(tǒng)發(fā)展成不同的形式,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時人們在地理上被分隔開。用法歸納1 當(dāng)先行詞是表示① 的名詞(如time、day、year、month、week、date等)且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語時,要用關(guān)系副詞② 引導(dǎo)定語從句。時間 when情景導(dǎo)學(xué)2This is the hotel where they are staying.這就是他們住的旅館。His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父親在一家生產(chǎn)收音機(jī)零件的工廠工作。They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, CaptainNemo.他們被抓獲并被帶到潛艇內(nèi),在那里他們遇到了負(fù)責(zé)人尼摩船長。(讀后續(xù)寫·情節(jié)描寫)It was an unforgettable activity where they gained not only the knowledge of paper-cutting but alsothe friendship between the classmates.這是一次令人難忘的活動,在其中他們不僅收獲了剪紙的知識,還收獲了同學(xué)間的友誼。 (寫作·介紹活動)用法歸納2(1)當(dāng)先行詞是表示③ 的名詞(如hotel、place、room、town等),且關(guān)系詞在從句中作④ 時,要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。(2)如果先行詞為含有抽象意義的地點(diǎn)名詞(如case、state、condition、point、situation、stage、activity、event、job等),且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,要用關(guān)系副詞⑤ 引導(dǎo)定語從句,意為“在那里;在該情況下;到達(dá)……的階段;達(dá)到……的地步/程度”。(3)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn),且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時,不能用where,而要用關(guān)系代詞⑥ 或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(作賓語時關(guān)系詞可省略)。地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語wherewhich情景導(dǎo)學(xué)3This is the reason why he left so soon.這就是他很快離開的原因。The reason why I am writing this letter to you is that I have a problem in respect of the writingstyle.我給你寫這封信的原因是我有一個關(guān)于寫作風(fēng)格的問題。 (寫作·求助信)Read the email below and make a list of the reasons why Leo is unwilling to begin working outregularly.閱讀下面的電子郵件,并列出 Leo不愿意開始定期鍛煉的原因。用法歸納3當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞⑦ ,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語時,要用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句。why只能引導(dǎo)⑧ 定語從句。特別提醒有時reason后的why可以省略,或者使用that代替。reason限制性情景導(dǎo)學(xué)4China is the birthplace of kites,from where kites spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.中國是風(fēng)箏的發(fā)源地,風(fēng)箏是從這里傳到日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度的。He went to America two years ago, since when I haven't heard from him.兩年前他去了美國,從那時候起我就沒有得到過他的消息了。用法歸納4 有時為了表達(dá)得更清楚,可以在關(guān)系副詞when前加上介詞⑨ 等,在關(guān)系副詞where前加上介詞⑩ 等。sincefrom后綴后綴是一種重要的構(gòu)詞法,通過后綴常常可以判斷出一個詞的詞性。在語言學(xué)中,后綴又稱詞尾,是一種置于其他詞素后的詞綴。情景導(dǎo)學(xué)1You should be able to find the odd moment for relaxation.你應(yīng)該能偶爾找到休息時間。Imagine jogging along the same path every morning, repeating the same movement day after day.想象一下,每天早上沿著同一條路慢跑,日復(fù)一日地重復(fù)同樣的動作。用法歸納1 常見名詞后綴有:(1)-ability、-ibility表示“能力,性質(zhì)”。(2)-an、-ain 表示“……地方的人,精通……的人”;-ian 表示“……地方的人,從事……職業(yè)的人”。(3)-ee 表示動作的承受者;-er、-or 表示“做……動作的人,從事……活動的人”。(4)-ity、-ty表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、情況。(5)-ment、 、-tion表示行為、行為的過程或結(jié)果、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)。(6)-ness 表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)。(7)-al 表示動作、過程、狀態(tài)。(8)-ance、-ence表示行為、性質(zhì)、程度或狀態(tài)。(9)-ism表示“……主義,……學(xué)說,……派”。-ation 情景導(dǎo)學(xué)2Their action can only serve to harden the attitude of landowners.他們的舉動只會起到使土地所有者們的態(tài)度變得強(qiáng)硬的作用。Collect and purify rainwater.收集和凈化雨水。People don't realise how serious this problem has actually been.人們沒有意識到這個問題到底有多么嚴(yán)重。用法歸納2 常見動詞后綴有:(1) 表示“使變得……”。(2)-ify/-fy 表示“使成為……,使……化”。(3) /-ize表示“以……方式處理/對待;使……化”。-en -ise情景導(dǎo)學(xué)3My classmates were very friendly towards me.我的同班同學(xué)對我十分友好。I think the sensible thing would be to go home by bus.我認(rèn)為明智的做法是坐公共汽車回家。The clothes are available in warm natural colours.這些衣服有各種自然的暖色調(diào)可供挑選。All animals need help at times, such as pets that are left homeless when their owners move.有時所有動物都需要幫助,如當(dāng)主人搬家后無家可歸的寵物。用法歸納3 常見形容詞后綴有:(1)-able、 表示“可……的,能……的”。(2)-al 表示“屬于……的,具有……性質(zhì)的”。(3)-ous表示“有……性質(zhì)的”。(4)-ful 表示“充滿……的,有……性質(zhì)的”。(5)-ive表示“有……性質(zhì)的,具有……傾向的”。(6)-less表示“沒有……的”。(7) 表示“如……的,具有……特性的,每……的”;-y表示“多……的,如……的”。(8)-ed表示“具有……特征的,受……影響的”;-ing表示“正……的;令人……的”。(9)-ant、-ent 表示“有……性質(zhì)的”。(10)-ic表示“屬于……的,具有……性質(zhì)的”。-ly-ible情景導(dǎo)學(xué)4Place your hands on the table with the palms facing upwards.把你的手放在桌子上,手心朝上。They are seriously concerned about security.他們非常關(guān)注安全工作。用法歸納4 常見副詞后綴有:(1) 表示“以……方式,在……程度上”。(2)-ward、-wards表示向某個特定的地點(diǎn)或方向。-ly即時鞏固Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years our children were little.2.(2021新高考Ⅱ)I've seen those magic moments children are talking to someonethey are inspired by.3.(2020天津)They have transformed themselves into places you can develop yourlove of knowledge,meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.4.He went to the cinema he met his wife.5.My teacher asked me to tell him the reason I didn't hand in my homework.6.Teaching is a job you can find happiness.when when where wherewhy/that whereⅡ.寫出下列單詞的詞性和中文意思1.(2022全國甲)First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. 2.(2022全國乙)Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. 3.(2022新高考Ⅰ)That makes food waste an environmental problem. 4.(2021新高考Ⅱ)These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons. 形容詞,每日的 副詞,令人吃驚地形容詞,生態(tài)環(huán)境的 動詞,拓寬5.(2021新高考Ⅰ)The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they wereplanning for Mother's Day. 6.(2021北京)You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form. 7.These movements will exercise your arms and shoulders. 8.An important factor in leadership is selflessness. 名詞,興奮 名詞,申請 名詞,活動名詞,無私 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預(yù)覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫