資源簡介

(共77張PPT)
Ways We Destroy Nature我們破壞自然的方式 (教材P50)
情景導學
With the rising price of minerals, some criminals destroy natural resources in search of profit.隨
著礦物價格的上漲,一些犯罪分子為了牟利而破壞自然資源。(China Daily)
詞匯拓展
destruction n.破壞,毀滅
cause/bring destruction to...對……造成毀滅;給……帶來破壞
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情景破
詞匯1 destroy vt.破壞;毀掉
damage 多指造成輕度損壞,所造成的損壞一般是可修復的
ruin 多指自然因素對建筑物、動植物、城鎮等造成嚴重破壞,破壞的后果往往是事物喪失價值;也可用于指使假期、希望、夢想、前程等美好的事物盡毀或嚴重危害健康等
destroy 指徹底毀壞以致不能修復或不復存在,毀壞的后果往往是事物喪失功能,也可指使希望、計劃等落空
The rainstorm has damaged many houses.暴風雨毀壞了許多房屋。
All the crops were ruined by the flood.所有的農作物都被洪水毀了。
The strikers destroyed all the machines,so the production had to be stopped.罷工者毀壞了所有
的機器,因此生產不得不停止。
You have destroyed my hopes of happiness.你毀掉了我(得到)幸福的希望。
易混辨析
We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.我們肯定需要盡快
轉用不同形式的能。 (教材P110)
情景導學
At this point, we concluded that the person must have switched off my device.此時,我們得出結
論,那個人一定是關掉了我的設備。
With the detox now finished, they've switched on their devices and they're back online.現在排
毒結束后,他們打開了設備,就重新上線了。
The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade
when exposed to daylight.工程師們還在努力開發一種“開關”,當暴露在日光下時,光就會逐
漸消失。 (2020全國Ⅰ)
詞匯2 switch vi.& vt.轉換;改變 n.開關;轉變
用法歸納
動　①switch 　　 /on關上/打開(電器)
②switch over換頻道;轉變
③switch...(from...) to...使……(從……)轉變到……
名　④make a switch進行改變
⑤on and off switch 　　
off
開關
Yes, many animals are illegally hunted for something they have.是的,許多動物因它們擁有的某
些東西而被非法獵殺。(教材P110)
情景導學
My cousin and I would drive to a national forest to hunt for whitetail deer.我和表弟老是開車去
國家森林搜尋白尾鹿。
The police are on the hunt for further clues.警方正在尋找更多的線索。
詞匯3 hunt vi.& vt.獵取,獵殺;打獵 vi.搜尋 n.狩獵;搜尋
用法歸納
動　①hunt 　　 sth.搜尋/搜索某物
②hunt for sb.=hunt down sb.追蹤/追捕某人
名　③a/the hunt 　　 尋找……
詞匯拓展
①hunting n.狩獵運動;打獵
go hunting去打獵
②hunter n.獵人
for
for
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening
is cause for concern.雖然物種的自然滅絕并不罕見,但現在滅絕的速度讓人擔憂。(教材P52)
情景導學
To our sadness, many old customs are gradually dying out.讓我們傷心的是,許多舊習俗在漸漸
消失。
詞匯拓展
①die v.死亡;消亡,滅亡
die from/of 死于……
die away逐漸減弱;逐漸模糊;逐漸消失
be dying for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事
詞匯4 die out消失;絕跡,滅絕
die off相繼死去,先后死去
die down逐漸變弱;逐漸平息;逐漸暗淡
Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.每年,全世界
有數百萬人感染霍亂,許多人死于此。
I'm dying for a breath of fresh air.我真想呼吸一下新鮮空氣。
②death n.死;死亡;生命的終止;毀滅
frighten sb. to death把某人嚇得要死
③dying adj.臨終的;臨死的;垂死的
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.物種滅絕,
即整個物種的完全消失,在地球的歷史上并不罕見。 (教材P52)
情景導學
She wiped the sweat from her face with a tissue.她用一張面巾紙擦掉臉上的汗水。讀后續寫·
動作描寫
The whole village was wiped out during the earthquake.在地震中,整個村子都被毀掉了。
She took a cloth and wiped down the windows.她拿了一塊抹布把窗戶擦得干干凈凈。
詞匯5 wipe vt.擦;拭;擦干凈;消除
用法歸納
①wipe 　　 全部摧毀;徹底消滅
②wipe 　　 (用濕布)徹底揩擦干凈
③wipe...　　 /off... 從……擦去……
④wipe away消失;抹去
out
down
from
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.物種滅絕,
即整個物種的完全消失,在地球的歷史上并不罕見。 (教材P52)
情景導學
It is not unusual to see wild animals walking the streets.看到野生動物在大街上游蕩并不稀
奇。
It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their
travel affordable.這可能聽起來像是一個漫長而昂貴的假期,但這對夫婦有一種不同尋常的
方式來讓他們的旅行負擔得起。 (2022新高考Ⅱ)
In view of the unusual circumstances, they agree to give up their requirement.鑒于特殊情況,他
們同意放棄他們的要求。
詞匯6 unusual adj.異常的;不平常的
用法歸納
①It is unusual (for sb.)　　 sth.(對某人來說)做某事是不尋常的。
②It is unusual that...……是不尋常的。
③unusual circumstances 　　　　
特別提醒
un-是常見的否定前綴,其后常跟形容詞表示與該形容詞相反的狀態。常見的詞有unknown
(未知的)、unsafe(不安全的)、unpleasant(使人不愉快的)、unhappy(不高興的)等。
詞匯拓展
①unusually adv.非常;不尋常地
②usual adj.通常的;尋常的;慣常的
as usual照例;照舊;像往常一樣
to do
特殊情況
One evening I went to the park to refresh myself as usual.一天晚上,我像往常一樣去公園恢
復精神。
③usually adv.通常地
These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”...這些包括被稱為“大
滅絕”的第三次物種大滅絕…… (教材P52)
情景導學
There is a mass of snow in front of the house.在房子前面有一堆雪。
The trains provide a cheap and comfortable travel mode for the masses.火車給群眾提供了便
宜、舒適的出行方式。
With masses of homework to do every day, it's hard to do sports outside, so I turn to you for
help.每天都有大量的家庭作業要做,很難進行戶外運動,于是我向你求助。 寫作·求助信
Until recently, business advertising was still seen in the mass media.直到最近,商業廣告仍然在
大眾傳媒上出現。
詞匯7 mass adj.大量的;大批的;廣泛的
用法歸納
名　①mass還可用作名詞,表示“大量,許多;團,塊,堆;一群”。
②　　 mass of大量;許多;一堆
③　 　 of 大量;許多
④the mass of大多數;多數
⑤in mass總體;作為整體
⑥the 　 　 群眾,平民百姓
形　⑦mass production批量生產
⑧mass market大眾市場
⑨the mass media 　　　　　
a
masses
masses
大眾傳媒
a mass of/masses of后可跟可數名詞復數,也可跟不可數名詞。“a mass of/masses of+n.”作
主語時,謂語動詞的數與of后面名詞的數保持一致。
There is a mass of work for this employee to do.這個雇員有一大堆的工作要做。
There were masses of children playing in the yard.院子里有很多孩子在玩耍。
詞匯拓展
massive adj.大量的;巨大的;大而重的;結實的;非常嚴重的
At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.在三十天結束時,
你那時會往回添加少量精心選擇的在線活動,你相信這些活動會為你所重視的東西帶來巨大
的好處。(2023新課標Ⅰ)
特別提醒
The reasons for extinctions are varied.(物種)滅絕的原因多種多樣。 (教材P52)
詞匯拓展
①vary vi.(根據情況)變化,改變;(大小、形狀等)相異,不同
vary with...隨……而變化
vary in...在……方面不同/有差異
vary from...to...從……到……不等/不同
②variety n.不同種類
a variety of/varieties of各種各樣的
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were
alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.當探險家們第一次踏上北美大陸時,天空和陸地上
詞匯8 varied adj.各種各樣的,形形色色的
滿是種類多得驚人的野生動物。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
③various adj.各種各樣的
It is clear that various ways to learn English beyond the classroom are available to students.很
明顯,學生在課堂之外有各種各樣學習英語的方法。寫作·英語學習
According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions...the decrease of the oxygen content of
the sea and global warming.根據科學家的說法,它們包括火山噴發……海洋含氧量減少和全
球變暖。 (教材P52)
情景導學
What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity 是什么導致了澳大利亞
兒童體育活動的減少 (2021浙江1月)
The demand for corn is on the decrease each year in this country.這個國家對玉米的需求量在逐
年減少。
The number of the students in our school has decreased to 1,200.我們學校的學生數量已減少到
了1,200人。
詞匯9 decrease n.減少;減少的量 vi.& vt.減少
Compared with last year, the price of wheat has decreased by 15% this year.和去年相比,今年小
麥的價格已降低了15%。
用法歸納
名　①a/the decrease 　　 ...在……方面減少
②　　 the decrease在減少
動　③decrease 　　 ...減少了……(表示減少的量)
④decrease 　　 ...減少到……(表示減少后的量)
詞匯拓展
increase v.& n.增長,增多,增加
increase to...增加到……(表示增加后的量)
increase by...增加了……(表示增加的量)
on the increase在增加
in
on
by
to
This time, human activity will be to blame.這次,人類活動將受到指責。(教材P52)
情景導學
The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.炎熱的天氣是缺水的部分原因。
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.他們把生意的失敗歸咎于經
濟衰退。
All that evening she was upset and blamed her biology teacher for her problem.整個晚上,她都很
沮喪,把她的問題歸咎于她的生物老師。 讀后續寫·心理描寫
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我們準備好了對所發生的事承擔責任。
Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.衛生官員們將該疾病
歸咎于惡劣的住房條件。
詞匯10 blame vt.責怪,指責;把……歸咎于 n.責任;責備
用法歸納
動　①blame sb.　　 (doing) sth.因(做)某事責備某人
②blame sth.　　 sb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某事
③　　 blame for (doing) sth.因(做)某事應受責備;對(做)某事負有責任(不定式用主動形式
表示被動意義)
名　④　　 /bear the blame for sth.承擔某事的責任
⑤lay/　　 the blame for sth. on...把某事歸咎于……
for
on
be to
take
put
It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals
and plants.很明顯,人類活動對地球上所有其他物種,包括動物和植物,都產生了負面影響。
(教材P53)
情景導學
He was deeply affected by the music.那段音樂深深打動了他。
The disease is beginning to affect her brain.疾病開始侵襲她的大腦。
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative
process...事實上,研究人員發現面對面的互動和對話會影響創作過程…… (2021全國乙)
詞匯11 affect vt.影響
用法歸納
affect除了表示“影響”外,還表示“　　　 ;使感染;(感情上)　　　 ;使悲傷(或憐憫
等)”。
詞匯拓展
①affection n.喜愛,鐘愛
have/show affection for sb./sth.鐘愛某人或某物
I showed affection for the Great Wall the first time I visited it.我第一次游覽長城時就喜歡上
了它。
②effect n.效應;影響;結果
greenhouse effect 溫室效應
However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.然而,“人為
制造的”溫室效應現在已經成為一個大問題。 寫作·環境問題
侵襲
深深打動
Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of
dying out.當然,由于我們人類的生存依賴如此多的物種,我們也會面臨滅絕的危險。 (教材
P53)
詞匯拓展
①risk n.危險;風險 v.使……冒風險(或面臨危險);冒險做;(明知結果而)大膽做
at the risk of doing sth.冒著做某事的風險
run a/the risk (of sth./of doing sth.)冒著(做某事的)風險
take a risk/risks to do sth.冒險做某事
reduce/cut/lower the risk of (doing) sth.減少(做)某事的危險
at risk to oneself/sb./sth.冒傷及……的危險
詞匯12 be at risk處境危險,受到威脅
do sth. at your own risk(常見于告示)自擔風險;責任自負
risk doing sth.冒險做某事
risk one's life to do sth.某人冒生命危險去做某事
At the risk of being punished, these men dug holes at night in the fields.冒著被懲罰的風險,這
些人晚上在地里挖洞。
Don't you think you are running a risk by doing such a thing without any permission 你不認
為你在未經允許的情況下做這樣的事是在冒險嗎
It's not necessary to run the risk of hurting yourself while climbing the high mountain.爬高山
時不必冒著使自己受傷的風險。
As we all know, it can reduce the risk of contracting the virus.眾所周知,它可以降低感染病毒
的風險。
I realised I couldn't leave to get help, or risk sending anyone else.我意識到我不能離開去尋
求幫助,也不能冒險派其他任何人去。 讀后續寫·心理描寫
②risky adj.冒險的,有危險的
In the week when the government sets out its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and
Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste.當政府在這周開展它的新的環境
方案時,凱文·麥克堪比和艾麗西亞·斯圖爾特考慮到食品外包裝廢物的問題。 (教材P110)
情景導學
The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.第二天早上,他租了
一艘船,出發去找那位著名的畫家。(2020全國Ⅲ)
When setting out on a long walk, we always wear suitable shoes.當出發遠行時,我們總是穿合適
的鞋子。
I haven't seen you set out for school with a smile.我沒有看到過你面帶微笑去學校。
詞匯13 set out開始做某事,著手進行;出發
用法歸納
①set out 　　 ... 動身前往……
②set out 　 　 sth.開始做某事
③set out on...出發去做……
詞匯拓展
set off 動身,出發;引發;使爆炸
set aside把……放到一旁;留出(錢或時間)
set about開始做,著手做
set up 建立;設立;設置;安裝好;安排
set down 寫下;記下;登記
set back 耽誤,使延誤
for
to do
set a good example for/to sb.為某人樹立一個好榜樣
We set off in the early morning by bus and arrived at the destination at 8 o'clock.我們一大早
就乘公共汽車出發,在八點鐘到達目的地。寫作·旅行
I intend to set aside enough time to accompany my parents and do sports.我打算留出足夠的
時間陪我的父母和做運動。
After the earthquake, the people set about rebuilding their homes.地震過后,人們開始重建家
園。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GP-
NP).中國政府最近最終確定了建立一個大熊貓國家公園(GPNP)的計劃。 (2022新高考Ⅰ)
I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.我不想在日記里記一系列的事實。
My classmate Andy is an admirable figure who can set a good example for us in many aspects.
我的同班同學安迪是一個令人欽佩的人物,他在很多方面都可以為我們樹立一個好榜樣。
I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment.當想到我們對環境的
影響時,我就感到焦慮。(教材P111)
情景導學
The boy was anxious for a personal computer.那個男孩渴望得到一臺個人電腦。
You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for you.你一定
對等待著你的新體驗感到興奮和焦慮。
I was anxious to know how he had got on in New York.我渴望知道他在紐約過得怎么樣。
讀后續寫·心理描寫
詞匯14 anxious adj.焦慮的;不安的;渴望的
用法歸納
①be anxious 　 　 sth.擔心某事或某物
②be anxious for sb.為某人擔心
③be anxious 　　 sth.渴望得到某物
④be anxious (for sb.)　　 sth.渴望(某人)做某事
⑤be anxious that...渴望/非常希望……(從句用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,其
中should可以省略)
詞匯拓展
①anxiety n.憂慮;焦慮;渴望
with anxiety焦急地
without anxiety無憂無慮
about
for
to do
He was waiting for his brother's return with anxiety.他焦急地等著哥哥歸來。
②anxiously adv.憂慮地;不安地
Perhaps there were his parents and brothers and sisters waiting for him anxiously.也許他的父
母和兄弟姐妹在焦急地等著他。 讀后續寫·心理描寫
to feel annoyed 感到生氣 (教材P58)
情景導學
I was so annoyed with him for turning up late.他來得晚了,我很生氣。
He was annoyed at the way she tried to take over the whole meeting.她試圖操控整個會議的方
式使他很惱火。
The teacher was annoyed that his students did not study hard.老師因學生不努力學習而生氣。
She was annoyed to discover that her husband had taken her car key.她丈夫拿走了她的汽車鑰
匙,她知道后很生氣。 讀后續寫·心理描寫
詞匯15 annoyed adj.煩惱的,生氣的(表示人自身的感受)
用法歸納
①be annoyed 　　 sb.生某人的氣
②be annoyed 　　 /about sth.因某事生氣
③be annoyed 　 　 sth.因做某事而惱火
④be annoyed that...惱怒的是……
詞匯拓展
①annoy vt.使生氣,使惱怒;打擾
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.你使用筷子
的方式很重要,以避免惹惱你的同伴。(2022全國甲)
②annoying adj.使生氣的;令人討厭的(修飾事物)
③annoyance n.[U]惱怒,煩惱;[C]使人煩惱的事
with
at
to do
to sb.'s annoyance讓某人生氣的是
Much to my annoyance, the hotel didn't accept our reservation.讓我非常惱怒的是,賓館沒有
接受我們的預訂。 讀后續寫·心理描寫
Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.有些類型的癌癥與交通污染有關。 (教材
P59)
情景導學
When he was at our home, Denny's kindness and ability to relate to our kids were evident.當他
在我們家的時候,丹尼的善良和了解我們孩子的想法的能力是顯而易見的。寫作·人際交往
Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating.現在,大多數人都把這句諺語與健康飲食
聯系起來。
He later related the story of the thing to me.他后來給我講了這件事的來龍去脈。
These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all
詞匯16 relate v.相聯系;有關聯;使有聯系;講述
relate to.這些繪畫作品可能是數百年前繪制的,但它們記錄了我們都能感同身受的時刻。
(2023新課標Ⅱ)
用法歸納
①relate 　　 涉及,與……相關;談到;能夠理解并同情;了解;體恤
②relate...to...　　　　　　　　　　　
③relate sth. (　　 sb.)(向某人)講述某事
詞匯拓展
①related adj.相關的,有聯系的
be related to與……有關
a related issue/question相關的議題/問題
Light industry is closely related to agriculture.輕工業和農業密切相關。
②relation n.[pl.](人、團體、國家之間的)關系,聯系,交往;[U,C](事物之間的)關系,關聯,聯系
in relation to關于;與……相比
relations with...和……的關系
relations/the relation between A and B A和B之間的關系
to
把……和……聯系起來
to
Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!定期鍛煉還能將患心臟病的風險降
低50%! (教材P59)
情景導學
We will become more adept at deploying our military forces on a regular basis and in diversified
ways.我們將更加善于定期、多元化地部署軍隊。 (China Daily)
詞匯17 regular adj.定期的,有規律的;頻繁的;通常的,平常的
用法歸納
①take regular exercise定期鍛煉
②on a regular basis　　　　　
詞匯拓展
①regularly adv.定期地;經常
Eating out regularly seems to have become common for many young people in recent years.近
幾年經常在外面吃飯對許多年輕人來說似乎已經變得常見。
②irregular adj.無規律的
③irregularly adv.無規律地
定期地
Do whichever of these things that suit you.做這些適合你的事中的任何一件事。 (教材P59)
情景導學
The software can be adapted to suit the particular needs of the end user.該軟件可修改以滿足最
終用戶的特定需求。
A good speaker is always trying to suit his speech to his audience.一個好的演講者總是試圖讓
自己的演說適合聽眾的口味。
If not, let me know what time suits you best.如果沒有,讓我知道對你來說什么時候最合適。
寫作·邀請信
After a few moments, a tall man in a nice suit told me to join him.過了一會兒,一個穿著漂亮西
裝的高個子男人叫我加入他。 讀后續寫·外貌描寫
詞匯18 suit v.適合;滿足……需要;對……方便;合……心意;適宜 n.套裝;西服
用法歸納
①suit sb.'s 　　 /taste=suit the 　　 /taste of sb.滿足某人的需要/適合某人的口味
②suit sth. 　　 sth./sb.使某物適合(或適應)某物/某人
③suit sb. (fine)(很)合某人的意;對某人來說(很)合適
詞匯拓展
①suitable adj.合適的,適宜的
be suitable for...適合……
be suitable to do sth.適合做某事
②suited adj.合適,適宜,適當
be suited for/to...適合……
③unsuitable adj.不合適的
needs
needs
to
suit 多指衣服的顏色、款式等適合;還可指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等
fit 多指衣服、鞋子等在尺寸、款式等方面的合適,通常意為“合身,適合”
match 多指兩個物體在大小、色調、形狀、性質等方面很搭配,顯得很協調
易混辨析
This style of dress suits you well.這種款式的連衣裙很適合你。
It is important that children's shoes fit correctly.孩子們的鞋正合腳是重要的。
The colour of the shirt does not match that of the tie.襯衫的顏色與領帶的顏色不相配。
Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of
meat or eggs.工廠化養殖業包括將農場動物飼養在建筑物內以增加肉或蛋的產量。 (教材P
62)
情景導學
In short, I hope more schools will join in and create an innovative way to involve students in dai-
ly exercise.簡而言之,我希望更多的學校能加入進來,創造一種創新的方式,讓學生參與日常
鍛煉。 寫作·建議信
This could involve saving for university, but it could also mean saving for something special.這
可能包括為大學存錢,但它也可能意味著為特殊的東西存錢。
詞匯19 involve vt.包含,需要;涉及;使參與
用法歸納
①involve sb. 　　 ...使某人參與到……中;把某人牽涉(或牽扯)到……中
②involve(sb.)　　 sth.包含/需要(某人)做某事
③involve sb. in (doing) sth.使某人加入(做)某事
詞匯拓展
①involved adj.參與;有關聯;關注;關系密切;復雜難解的
be/get/become involved in...參與……;卷入……;與……有關
be involved in/with...關注……
be involved with...與……關系密切
Apart from studying hard, I've been involved in social activities.除了努力學習之外,我還參
加社交活動。寫作·自我介紹
in
doing
Many factors involved in this matter have been ruled out.與此事有關的許多因素已經被排除
了。
②involvement n.參與;加入;插手;投入
People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.為動物權利而戰
的人聲稱這些動物承受著可怕的壓力。 (教材P62)
情景導學
While some people claim that they can predict the future, there is no scientific basis behind it.雖
然一些人聲稱他們能預測未來,但這背后沒有科學依據。
A great number of graduates claimed to have more job interviews before graduation.許多畢業生
主張畢業前有更多的求職面試。
All the residents there made a claim for the opening of the market as soon as possible.那里所有
的居民要求市場盡快開門。
There are a handful of Madrid players with a claim to have been the team's best player this sea-
son.有少數馬德里球員聲稱自己是本賽季球隊中最好的球員。(China Daily)
詞匯20 claim vt.聲稱;斷言;主張 n.聲稱;(根據權利而提出的)要求
用法歸納
動　①claim 　　 sth.聲稱/主張做某事
②claim that...聲稱……
名　③make a claim 　　 要求……
④　　 a claim聲稱
with
to do
for
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
informative adj.有教育意義的;知識性強的 inform vt.通知;告知
inform sb. of/about sth.通知/告知某人某事
information n.消息
informed adj.了解情況的,見多識廣的
threat n.威脅;(災難等壞事)發生的可能 a threat to sb./sth.對某人或某事物的威脅
threaten vt.威脅,恐嚇
高頻詞匯積累
urgent adj.緊急的,急迫的 urge v.力勸,竭力主張 n.強烈的欲望;沖動
urge sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事
urge sth. on/upon sb.強烈要求某人做某事
urgently adv.緊急地,急迫地
urgency n.緊急,緊急的事
wasteful adj.浪費的;揮霍的 waste n.& v.浪費adj.廢棄的,無用的
a waste of money/time浪費金錢/時間
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪費時間的。
aware adj.意識到的,明白的 be aware of sth./that...知道;意識到;明白
as far as I'm aware 據我所知
awareness n.意識;認識;知道;興趣
stuck adj.卡住的,無法移動的 be/get stuck in 被困在……
be stuck with 被……纏住,無法擺脫
stick v.將……刺入(或插入);粘貼;(尤指迅速或隨手)放置;卡住
stressed out 焦慮不安的 I'm under a lot of pressure lately. I'm almost stressed out.近來我的壓力很大,我很焦慮不安。
It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals
and plants.很明顯,人類活動對地球上所有其他物種,包括動物和植物,都產生了負面影響。
(教材P53)
情景導學
It is necessary that you should behave well at school.在學校你有必要好好表現。
It is important that we should learn English well.我們學好英語是很重要的。
經典結構 情景破
結構1 It is+形容詞(表語)+that從句(真正的主語)
用法歸納
　　此句型中,It是　　　　　 ,后面的that從句在句中作　　　　　 。
結構拓展
①It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.
常用于此句型的形容詞有important、necessary、wrong、possible、impossible、basic、diffi-
cult、vital、natural、common、strange、normal等。
It is vital to take short breaks after learning online for 30 minutes.在網上學習了三十分鐘后,
短暫休息一下是至關重要的。
It is impossible for them to have finished so much work in such a short time.= It is impossible
that they have finished so much work in such a short time.他們在這么短的時間內完成這么多
的工作是不可能的。
形式主語
真正的主語
②It is+n.+that從句
It is a pity that you can't go with us.很遺憾你不能和我們一起去。
It is a fact that every language changes.每種語言都在變,這是事實。
Without forests, we would have no air to breathe...沒有森林,我們就沒有呼吸的空氣…… (教
材P53)
情景導學
Without air, man couldn't exist on the earth.沒有空氣的話,人類就不能在地球上生存。
Without your help, I would have failed the exam last week.沒有你的幫助的話,我上周考試就不
及格了。
Without his aid, my skills in English wouldn't have been greatly improved.如果沒有他的幫助,
我的英語技能就不會有很大的提高了。 寫作·感謝信
結構2 without用于含蓄虛擬語氣
用法歸納
(1)有時虛擬的條件并不是直接通過條件從句來表示,而是用一些詞、短語或通過上下文暗
示來說明,這種句子使用的便是含蓄虛擬語氣。
(2)當句子用介詞without引出一個假設的條件時,句子的謂語動詞就要用虛擬語氣。
(3)without用于表示虛擬條件時,謂語動詞有如下三種形式:
①與現在事實相反,謂語動詞用“　　　　　 　 ”形式;
②與過去事實相反,謂語動詞用“　　　　　 　 ”形式;
③與將來事實相反,謂語動詞用“would/could/might do”形式。
特別提醒
并不是without所在的句子謂語動詞一定要用虛擬語氣。如果它表示一種真實的情況,就不
能用虛擬語氣。
would/could/might do
would/could/might have done
How did you finish your work so fast without any help 沒有任何協助,你是如何這么快完成工
作的
結構拓展
用于含蓄虛擬語氣的詞或短語還有otherwise、but for等。
But for the quick action, it would have hurt them.如果不是行動迅速,它就傷到他們了。
My parents gave me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.我父母給了我
錢。否則,我可付不起這次旅費。
This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.今天早上,我去市中心花了四十分鐘。
(教材P58)
情景導學
It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall.我們花了大約三個小時才
一路繞過西安城墻。(2021全國甲)
It took a long time for her to change her attitude.她用了很長時間才改變了態度。
結構3 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花費多長時間做某事
用法歸納
　　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.表示“某人花費多長時間做某事”。其中It為　
　 　 ,后面的不定式短語為　　　　　 。此句型可與It takes/took some time for sb. to do
sth.互換。
形式主語
真正的主語
cost 主語通常是物,常見用法: sth. cost(s)(sb.)+金錢“某物花了(某人)多少錢”;It costs (sb.)+金錢+to buy sth.“買某物花了(某人)多少錢”。注意:cost的過去式和過去分詞都是cost,一般不能用于被動語態
spend 主語通常是人,常見用法:spend money on (doing)...“在(做)……上花費金錢”;
spend time on sth./(in) doing sth.“花費時間做某事”
take take后面常跟雙賓語,常見用法:It takes sb.+一段時間+to do sth.“做某事花了某人多長時間”;sth. take(s) sb.+一段時間“某事花了某人多長時間”
pay pay的基本用法:pay sb. (for sth.)(為某物)付錢給某人;pay for sth.付某物的錢;pay sb.
some money付多少錢給某人;pay a/the price for為……付出代價
易混辨析
It cost me 100 yuan to buy the shoes.買這雙鞋花了我一百元。
I spent $40 on these shoes.我在這些鞋上花了四十美元。
It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他們花了大約半個小時
的時間才解出這道數學難題。
Our troops recaptured the city, but they paid a heavy price for it.我們的軍隊奪回了這座城市,但
他們為此付出了沉重的代價。
How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry 有多少次我們抵達工作
地點或學校時感到焦慮、疲憊和憤怒呢 (教材P58)
情景導學
He returned home, safe and sound.他回到了家,安然無恙。(表結果)
The survivors lay on the beach, frightened and exhausted.幸存者躺在海灘上,心有余悸,疲憊不
堪。(表伴隨)
Hungry (=Because he was hungry), he hurried to the kitchen.因為太餓了,他匆忙跑到廚房。(表
原因)
Ripe (=When/If they are ripe), these apples are sweet.熟了的時候這些蘋果很甜。(表條件)
Wet or fine(=Whether it was wet or fine), he got up at six and took a walk in the park.不管是下
雨天還是晴天,他都在六點鐘起床到公園里散步。(表讓步)
結構4 形容詞(短語)作狀語
用法歸納
　　在句子中,形容詞(短語)可充當狀語,主要說明主語的　　 、特點等。當形容詞(短語)
作狀語時,通常用逗號與句子主干分開,位置可在句首、句中或句末。
特別提醒
(1)形容詞(短語)作原因、條件、讓步狀語時,往往放在句首。
(2)形容詞(短語)作伴隨或結果狀語時,通常放在句末。
結構拓展
副詞作狀語通常修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞,有時修飾整個句子。
After the long journey, they went back home slowly and tiredly.經過長途旅行后,他們慢慢
地、疲憊地回家了。
狀態
Sentence 1
長難句 圖解
譯文　雖然物種的自然滅絕并不罕見,但現在滅絕的速度讓人擔憂。
讓步狀語從句
定語從句
Sentence 2
譯文　研究這一問題的科學家認為,如果第六次物種大滅絕發生,地球上多達四分之三的所
有物種可能會滅絕。
條件狀語從句
定語從句
賓語從句
Sentence 3
譯文　交通是全球變暖和氣候變化的主要原因之一,因為汽車發動機產生各種各樣的溫室
氣體。
原因狀語從句
Sentence 4
譯文　我們經常認為我們對噪聲、污染和交通危險無能為力。
定語從句
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
　　定語從句有兩種:限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
一、作用不同
情景導學
People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.經常進行體育鍛煉的人更長壽。
His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.他女兒現在在深圳,下星期就
要回家了。
This is the place where I worked last year.這是我去年工作的地方。
Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he would stay for two years.昨天吉米出發去加拿大了,
他將在那里待兩年。
必備語法 情景破
Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.劉老師要跟那些沒
交作業的學生談話。
Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重傷,他很
快被送往醫院。
用法歸納
限制性定語從句用來修飾和限制先行詞,與先行詞關系密切,使先行詞的含義更具體、更明
確,若去掉,句子意義①　　 。非限制性定語從句是對先行詞作附加或補充性的說明,即使
去掉,句子的意思仍然完整、清楚。
二、形式不同
情景導學
The book that/which you borrowed last week is really moving.上周你借的那本書真令人感動。
This is an important present, which I received yesterday.這是一件重要的禮物,我是昨天收到它
的。
The person whom/who you are looking for is downstairs.你正在找的那個人就在樓下。
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.這個便條是湯姆留下的,剛才他還在這里。
不完整
用法歸納
　　限制性定語從句與主句之間不用逗號隔開,常譯成定語;非限制性定語從句與主句之間
用逗號隔開,常譯成和主句并列的句子。
三、先行詞不同
情景導學
This is the best novel that I have ever read.這是我看過的最好的小說。
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改變了主意,這使我很生氣。
I can still remember the day when you were born.我仍然記得你出生的那天。
My favourite season is autumn, when we celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.我最喜歡的季節是
秋天,我們在那時候過中秋節。
用法歸納
限制性定語從句的先行詞是②　　 或代詞,表明所修飾的是哪個/些人或物。非限制性定
語從句的先行詞既可為名詞或代詞,也可為整個主句或其中的一部分。
四、關系詞的使用情況不同
情景導學1
He passed the exam, which made his teacher relieved.他通過了考試,這使他的老師感到欣慰。
She has a small office which/that is used for a meeting.她有一個用來開會的小辦公室。
This is the reason why she refused your invitation.這就是她拒絕你的邀請的原因。
I have told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party.我已經告訴他們我沒參加聚會
的原因了。
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.這就是我們正在談論的那個人。
名詞
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.那個年輕人新交了一個女朋
友,他想給她留下深刻的好印象。
用法歸納1
(1)在限制性定語從句中,先行詞指人時,關系代詞可用③　　 　　 ,先行詞指物時,關系代詞可用④　　 　　 ;但在非限制性定語從句中,先行詞指人時,關系代詞只能用who/whom,先
行詞指物時,關系代詞只能用which,即that不能引導非限制性定語從句。
(2)關系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用⑤　　　　 代替,但在非限制性定語
從句中作賓語時不可用⑥　　　　 代替。
(3)why不能引導非限制性定語從句,需用for which代替。
情景導學2
This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.這是我幾天前看過的一部好電影。
The summer holiday, which we have been looking forward to, is drawing near.我們一直盼望著
的暑假就要來了。
that/who/whom
that/which
who/that
who/that
用法歸納2
　　關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時⑦　　 省略,而非限制性定語從句中的關系代
詞均⑧　 　 省略。
五、使用非限制性定語從句的情況
情景導學1
Mr Smith, who was my English teacher, retired last year.史密斯先生去年退休了,他是我的英語
老師。
Hangzhou, which is a beautiful city, attracts many visitors during summer.杭州是一個美麗的城
市,夏季會吸引很多游客。
不可以
可以
用法歸納1
　　當先行詞是世界上獨一無二的事物或專有名詞時,用非限制性定語從句。
情景導學2
My father, who is an architect, is very good at painting.我父親是一名建筑師,他十分擅長繪
畫。
She has a younger brother, who is a doctor.她有一個弟弟,他是一名醫生。(只有一個弟弟)
She has a younger brother who/that is a doctor.她有一個當醫生的弟弟。(可能有幾個弟弟,其
中一個是醫生)
用法歸納2
　　當先行詞指某人僅有的一個親屬時,用非限制性定語從句。
即時鞏固
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.I didn't believe the reason 　 　　　 he referred to the other day at the press conference.
2.It's our honor to meet the chairman on this occasion 　　　　 everybody is focusing on his
talk.
3.It is important to create an atmosphere 　　　　 wild ideas are honored rather than dis-
missed.
4.I'm grateful that the assistant responded in a way 　 　　　 made me rethink the power of
my words.
5.Lisa is an outstanding graduate 　　　　 life story has greatly inspired her fellow school-
mates.
that/which
when
where
that/which
whose
6.We employed a foreigner as our coach, for 　　　　 life here in China was totally different.
7.The famous scientist made another wonderful discovery, 　　　　 is of great importance to
science.
8.That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, 　　　　 had recently joined.
9.I prefer to work in black and white, 　　　　 allows me to show different specific worlds
more clearly.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他有好幾個表兄弟,最小的那個很聰明。
He has several cousins, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
2.整個夏天,他都在有需要的地方做志愿者。
Throughout the summer,he worked as a volunteer in the place 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
the youngest of whom is very clever
whom
which
who
which
where he was needed
3.特別令人驚訝的是他的勤奮,這點給我們留下了深刻的印象。
Particularly surprising was his diligence, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 .
4.明天我將去看望在旅游中給過我們很多幫助的那個人。
Tomorrow I'll go to see the man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　 during the trip.
which left a deep impression on us
who/that gave us a lot of help

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