資源簡介

(共97張PPT)
First, if you want to be successful, you really need to be passionate and determined about what
you do.首先,如果你想要成功,你真的需要對你所做的事情有熱情和決心。 (教材P107)
情景導學
He is such a determined person that he will solve the problem however difficult it is.他是個意志
堅定的人,不論多難的問題他都會解決。
Used to taking on challenges, Sadiya was determined to do something for the children.由于習慣
了接受挑戰,薩迪亞決心為孩子們做點什么。
高頻詞匯 情景破
高頻詞匯精講
詞匯1 determined adj.堅定的,堅決的
用法歸納
①be determined 　　 sth.決心做某事
②　　　 　　一個意志堅定的人
詞匯拓展
①determine v.決定,決心;確定;安排;形成;查明
determine on sth.決定某事
determine to do sth.決定做某事;決心做某事
determine+that/wh-從句　決定……
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.不知出于什么動機,他
決定寫一本書。 (2019天津)
We determine that our training should keep pace with the current development in education.我
to do
a determined person
們下定決心,我們的培訓應該跟上當下教育的發展。(2019天津3月改編)
②determination n.決心;決定
with determination堅決地;果斷地
I reached out my hand and patted him on the shoulder gently, saying that he was a good boy
with strong determination.我伸出手,輕輕地拍了拍他的肩膀,說他是一個有著堅定決心的好孩
子。 讀后續寫·動作描寫
You've seemed very committed to your studies recently.你最近似乎對功課很投入。 (教材P1
07)
情景導學
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, graduated from Peking University Health Science
Center in 1955.屠呦呦是一位堅定且有耐心的科學家,她于1955年畢業于北京醫學院。
A person should be committed to upholding justice and shouldering social responsibility.一個人
應該致力于維護正義和承擔社會責任。 (Xinhua News Agency)
詞匯2 committed adj.堅定的;盡心盡力的
用法歸納
be committed 　　 (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事
詞匯拓展
①commit v.承諾,保證;忠于(某個人、機構等);全心全意投入(工作、活動等);做出(錯或非法
的事);調撥(錢、資源)
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承諾/保證(做)某事
commit sth. to sth.調撥,撥出……供……使用
commit murder/suicide/a crime犯謀殺罪/自殺/犯罪
All in all, it is high time that we committed ourselves to protecting the ocean.總之,現在是我們
承諾保護海洋的時候了。 寫作·環境保護
They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.他們號召西方
to
國家為最貧困國家撥更多的款。
Anyone who instigates a person under the age of 18 to commit a crime shall be given a heavier
punishment.任何教唆不滿十八周歲的人犯罪的人,應當從重處罰。
②commitment n.承諾,保證;奉獻,獻身;投入
make a commitment作出承諾
The poor woman made a commitment that she would look after the orphan forever.這個貧窮
的婦女承諾她將永遠照顧這個孤兒。
Yes, that makes a lot of sense.是的,那很有道理。 (教材P107)
情景導學
Who would send me all these flowers It makes no sense.誰會給我送這么多花呢 真不可思
議。
It made sense to improve the paths by building steps, handrails and footbridges.通過建造臺階、
扶手和步行橋來改善道路是有意義的。
Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.試著去理解
你所看到的,并琢磨是什么讓宇宙存在的。
詞匯3 make sense有意義;解釋得通;合乎情理
用法歸納
①make sense 　　 理解,弄懂(不易理解的事物)
②make no sense 　　　　　　
③It makes sense 　　 sth.做某事是有意義的。
詞匯拓展
①a sense of...……感
This display of youthful patriotism made me feel a sense of belonging.這種年輕人的愛國主義
的表現讓我有了一種歸屬感。 寫作·宣傳稿
It's of great significance to help your children develop a sense of responsibility.幫助孩子培養
責任感很重要。
②There is no sense in doing sth.做某事沒意義。
of
沒意義;說不通
to do
There is no sense in beating about the bush.拐彎抹角地說話沒意義。
③in a/one sense在某種意義上
④in no sense無論如何都不
Despite many injuries in his career, he always remained determined and focused.盡管在職業生
涯中多次受傷,他始終保持堅定和專注。 (教材P108)
情景導學
Be careful to lift that heavy box—you'll do yourself an injury!抬那個重箱子要小心——你會把
自己弄傷的!
To add insult to injury, the penalty was awarded to the other side.更糟糕的是,點球被判給了對
方。
The other two passengers escaped serious injury.另外兩名乘客未受重傷。
詞匯4 injury n.傷,損害
用法歸納
①do oneself 　　 injury傷到自己
②add insult 　　 injury雪上加霜;更糟糕的是
③protect...from injury保護……防止受傷
④serious/severe injury 　　　　　
詞匯拓展
①injure vt.使受傷,傷害
Parents shouldn't criticize children in public not to injure their pride.父母不應該在公共場合
批評孩子,以免傷害他們的自尊心。 寫作·家庭教育
②injured adj.受傷的
the injured傷者
an
to
重傷
But Jason appreciates this change.但是詹森欣賞這種變化。 (教材P31)
情景導學
I would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give a hand to us.如果你愿意幫助我們,我將不勝
感激。 寫作·求助信
I really appreciate you helping me during my exchanged term.我很感激你在我成為交換生的學
期給我的幫助。
My roommates didn't seem to appreciate their contribution to my bright future.我的室友似乎并
不理解他們對我光明未來的貢獻。
詞匯5 appreciate vt.欣賞;賞識;感激,感謝;理解
用法歸納
①appreciate+n./pron.欣賞某物;感激某事;理解某事
②appreciate (sb.)　　 sth.感謝/感激(某人)做某事
③I would appreciate 　　 if...如果……我會很感激。
詞匯拓展
①appreciation n.欣賞;感激;理解
...it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.……這讓我對他奇怪而
又令人愉快的世界有了新的認識。(2019全國Ⅱ)
②appreciative adj.感激的
be appreciative of...感激……
We have been very appreciative of their support.我們對他們的支持一直非常感激。
doing
it
This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.這讓我非常
擔心,作為一個富人卻什么事情也沒做,我感到非常內疚。(教材P31)
情景導學
I felt guilty about not visiting my grandparents frequently who love me very much.我因沒有常去
看望我的祖父母而感到內疚,他們非常愛我。讀后續寫·心理描寫
Some journalists are guilty of randomly reporting fake news in order to make profits.有些記者為
了獲利而肆意報道虛假新聞,這種做法是不對的。
詞匯6 guilty adj.內疚的,羞愧的;有過失/過錯的;犯罪的
用法歸納
①be guilty 　　 (doing) sth.有……過失;犯……罪
②be/feel guilty 　　 /at (doing) sth.對(做)某事感到內疚/慚愧
詞匯拓展
①guilt n.內疚;罪行
guilt about...因……而感到的內疚
She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.她因離開自己的孩子
去工作而感到內疚。
②guiltily adv.內疚地;有罪地
I occasionally thought guiltily of the violin sitting in the back of the wardrobe.有時想起被放
在衣櫥最里面的那把小提琴,我不禁感到內疚。
of
about
For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life to rice production...50多年來,他一生都致力于水
稻生產…… (教材P108)
情景導學
The doctor devotes all his time to saving people's life, winning respect from the public.這位醫生
將他所有的時間都投入到挽救人們的生命中,因而贏得了大眾的尊重。
We must devote great energy to addressing development's imbalances and inadequacy.我們必須
著力解決發展的不平衡和不充分問題。
She devoted herself to helping the blind and deaf children.她致力于幫助失明和耳聾的兒童。
詞匯7 devote vt.把……奉獻給;專心致力于
用法歸納
①devote oneself to...　　　　　
②devote time/energy/attention 　　 ...投入時間/投入精力/集中注意力于……(其中　　
為介詞,后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞)
詞匯拓展
①devoted adj.摯愛的,忠誠的;全心全意的;熱衷于……的
be devoted to...熱衷于;致力于……
a devoted friend 忠誠的朋友
Despite many difficulties, she has been devoted to the cause for many years.盡管遇到了很多
困難,她多年來一直熱衷于這項事業。
②devotion n.奉獻;忠誠;專心;關愛
致力于……
to
to
one's devotion to...某人對……的奉獻/關愛
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring.萊斯利·尼爾森對表演的投入非
常鼓舞人心。(2021浙江)
...the author J.K. Rowling didn't listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who
rejected her books.……作者J.K.羅琳沒有理會拒絕(出版)她的書的12家出版商的負面評論。
(教材P109)
情景導學
...they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.……他們沒有得到其他人的承認而是遭到
拒絕。 (2021全國甲)
China is constantly promoting ideas and practices,which reject international competition and con-
flict.中國不斷倡導抵制國際競爭和沖突的思想和做法。(China Daily)
詞匯8 reject vt.拒絕接受
用法歸納
①reject除了表示“拒絕接受”外,還可以表示“不錄用;　　 ;嫌棄”。
②reject one's suggestion拒絕某人的建議
詞匯拓展
rejection n.拒絕接受;拒絕;嫌棄
All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection.創作巨著的
作家經常不得不面對批評和拒絕。
抵制
refuse 語氣較重,指態度堅決、肯定無疑地拒絕,也可指不接受別人給的東西。refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事
reject 正式用詞,多指由于某物/某事/某行為不能讓人滿意而被當面直截了當地拒絕
decline 指禮貌地拒絕他人的幫助或邀請
易混辨析
The stubborn child refused to answer any question.這個固執的孩子拒絕回答任何問題。
The court rejected the prisoner's appeal for a new trial.法院駁回了犯人的再審申請。
He declined Mary's invitation to dinner.他謝絕了瑪麗的晚餐邀請。
Mm, you've convinced me to read this book!唔,你說服了我去讀這本書! (教材P109)
情景導學
My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself, for which I'm really grateful.我的父
母一直說服我去挑戰自己,對此我非常感激。
When you are having an interview, you need to convince the interviewers of your enthusiasm for
the job.面試的時候,你要使面試官相信你對這份工作的熱情。 寫作·建議信
He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.他
說,要讓人們相信海貍鼠毛皮是環保的并不容易,但他對此毫不懷疑。 (2020全國Ⅱ)
詞匯9 convince vt.說服;使確信;使信服
用法歸納
①convince sb. 　　 sth.使某人相信某事物
②convince sb. 　 　 sth.說服某人做某事
③convince sb.(that)...使某人相信……
詞匯拓展
①convinced adj.確信的;堅信的
be convinced of.../that...確信……
Before the truth was revealed, all people were convinced that he was innocent.真相揭露前,所
有人都堅信他是無辜的。
②convincing adj.有說服力的;令人信服的
But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to be-
lieve his theory.但是達爾文的科學研究是如此令人信服,以至于越來越多的人開始相信他的理論。
of
to do
..I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool...……十
歲的時候,我會自己坐公共汽車去游泳池游五十個來回…… (教材P36)
情景導學
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China, measuring about 5,464 km in length.黃河
是中國第二長河,全長約5,464千米。
She arose at length and opened the door at her sister's request.她最終站起來,在她姐姐的請求
下開了門。讀后續寫·動作描寫
She had always kept his family at arm's length.她一直與他的家人保持一定距離。
詞匯10 length n.長度;時間的長短
用法歸納
①　　 length長度上
②　　 length長時間,詳盡地;最后,經過一段長時間以后
③at arm's length一臂之遙;　　　　　
詞匯拓展
①full-length adj.全身的,全長的
②lengthen v.(使)變長;(使)延長
in
at
保持一定距離
Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself
to.你若想稱這為一種病態也行,但那就是我做事的風格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。 (教
材P37)
情景導學
You will pass your exams if you apply yourself to studying. Actually, the rule applies to every-
one.如果你努力學習,你就會通過考試。實際上,這條規則適用于每個人。
Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may
cause infection.在受傷部位涂油是個壞主意,因為它可以保持傷口的熱量并可能導致感染。
I suggest you apply to Peking University, one of the best universities in China.我建議你申請北
京大學,它是中國最好的大學之一。寫作·建議信
詞匯11 apply oneself to sth.努力;專心致志于某事
The calculations carried out by “Jiuzhang” can potentially be applied to machine learning.由
“九章”進行的計算有可能應用于機器學習。 (China Daily)
用法歸納
①apply oneself to 　 　 sth.努力做某事;專心致志做某事
②apply to...(for...)向……申請(……)
③apply 　　 sb./sth.適用于/涉及某人/某物
④apply...　　 ...把……施于/應用于……;把……涂在……上
⑤apply to do sth.申請做某事
詞匯拓展
①application n.申請;應用
a job application工作申請
a letter of application申請信
fill in an application form填寫申請表
doing
to
to
written application書面申請
With advantages over traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of applica-
tions.量子計算機擁有傳統計算機所沒有的諸多優勢,得到廣泛應用。
I have already finished a job application form and personal resume.我已經填完一份工作申請
表和個人簡歷。
②applicant n.申請人(尤指求職、進高等學校等)
Applicants will be expected to have a good command of Japanese.申請人應該精通日語。
寫作·招聘信息
If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your
preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓練
中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。(教材P37)
情景導學
The room fell silent apart from the soft cracking of the fire.除了爐火發出的輕微的噼啪聲,房間
里一片寂靜。讀后續寫·場景描寫
His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.他對語言的運用使他與大多
數其他現代作家不同。
I can still only tell Mark and Dave apart by the colour of their shoes.我依然只能通過馬克和戴
夫的鞋的顏色區分他們。
詞匯12 apart adj.& adv.分開;散開
用法歸納
①apart 　　 除了……外(都);除了……外(還);此外
②　　 ...apart (from...)使與眾不同;使突出;使優于……
③set apart sth.留出/撥出某物
④　　 ...apart區分……
⑤tear...apart使……痛苦;使……分裂;把……撕碎
⑥take apart拆卸;拆開
from
set
tell
besides 表示“除……之外(還)”,同in addition to
except 表示“除了……”,僅有某事物,不包括在內,同other than
apart from 既可表示“除……之外(還)”,還可表示“除了……外(都)”,即同besides或except
易混辨析
What other sports do you like besides football 除足球外你還喜歡其他哪些運動
I like all sports except football.我喜歡除足球以外的所有運動。
All children like music apart from Bobby.除了博比,所有的孩子都喜歡音樂。
I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of
being average.我寧愿有三四年的勝利輝煌,而不愿有十年的平庸無為。(教材P37)
情景導學
Compared with ten years ago, the average income in this city has increased five times.與十年前
相比,這個城市的平均收入增加了五倍。
In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.一般來說,
你應該在鍛煉前平均1.5到2.5小時吃飯。
On average, each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare.準備一份報告平均需要一千小時。
詞匯13 average adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的;正常的 n.平均水平;平均數
用法歸納
形　①the average 　　 /costs/price平均收入/成本/價格
名　②　　 average of平均是……
③　　 average按平均值;通常情況下
④above/below average高于/低于平均水平
average 通常用來形容優劣難分的平庸或折中情況,也可用于指理論上的平均標準
medium 形容尺寸、數量、溫度等處于中間的水平
易混辨析
He was only average academically.他的學業成績只能算平平。
There are three sizes, namely small, medium and large.有三個尺碼,即小號、中號和大號。
income
an
on
She has been a volleyball star for more than thirty-five years and has contributed greatly to the
sport...她成為排球明星超過35年,為這項運動做出了巨大的貢獻……(教材P40)
情景導學
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities...研究表明,情
感技能可能有助于其中一些品質……(2021新高考Ⅰ)
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她給這家雜志撰寫了一些文章。
詞匯14 contribute vi.& vt.增進;捐獻;促成
用法歸納
①contribute　　 ...為……做出貢獻;促使/導致……;是……的原因之一
②contribute...　　 ...為……貢獻……;給……捐贈……;給……撰寫……
詞匯拓展
①contribution n.貢獻,促成作用;捐款
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.對(做)某事做出貢獻
The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society.這所學校以培
養能為社會做貢獻的學生為己任。
②contributor n.捐贈者;促成因素
Old buses are one of the major contributors to pollution in cities.舊公交車是造成城市污染的
主要原因之一。
to
to
The disease was so advanced that he had just a couple of months to live.疾病到了晚期,以至于他
只能活幾個月了。 (教材P43)
情景導學
The classes are keyed to the needs of advanced students.這些課是針對高年級學生的需要開設
的。 (牛津)
Good living habits may be the reason why she is healthy at her advanced age.良好的生活習慣可
能是她年老時還能保持身體健康的原因。
The club will organize training courses to teach basic and advanced skiing skills.該俱樂部將組
織培訓課程,教授基本和高級的滑雪技能。 寫作·培訓課程
詞匯15 advanced adj.先進的;高級的,高等的;晚期的,后期的
用法歸納
①advanced technology/skills先進技術;　　　　
②advanced age 　 　　　
③advanced learners of English高級程度的英語學習者
詞匯拓展
①advance v.前進;發展,進步;提前;促進 n.前進;進步;預付款
in advance 提前
in advance of...在……之前
technological advance技術進步
Medical technology has advanced considerably.醫學技術已大大發展了。
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.注冊必須至少提前兩周進行。 (2
高級技能
高齡;年事已高
022新高考Ⅱ)
②advancement n.促進;推動;發展;前進;(工作、社會等級等的)提升,晉升
Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues
and replying to questions from his students.甚至在醫院的病床上,他仍在繼續工作,為同事們寫
推薦信,回答學生們的問題。 (教材P43)
情景導學
I have nothing to say in reference to that incident.關于那次事件,我無可奉告。
He made no reference to his illness but only to his future plans.他沒有提到他的病,只說了他未
來的計劃。
Keep the dictionary at your hand so you can use it for reference anytime.把這本字典留在你手
邊,以便隨時可以參考。
There are many reference books in the library.圖書館里有大量的參考書。
詞匯16 reference n.推薦信;談到,提及
用法歸納
①　　 /with reference to關于
②make (a) reference　　 ...提及……
③　　 (future) reference以供(日后)參考
④reference book　　　　 ;工具書
詞匯拓展
refer v.談及;參考
refer to提到;查閱;參考;描述;涉及;與……有關
refer to...as...稱……為……
refer...to...將……送交給……
refer to a dictionary查字典
in
to
for
參考書
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.她在自傳中偶爾提到
她不幸的學生時代。
He had great faith in the talent of the up-and-coming generation.他對后起之秀的才能充滿信
心。 (教材P43)
情景導學
We are in the face of many difficulties, yet we still have faith in victory.我們面臨許多困難,然而
我們仍對勝利充滿信心。
Despite some huge losses, the club's coach never lost faith in them.盡管損失巨大,但是俱樂部
教練從來沒有對他們失去信心。
I think the faith that everyone has shown in him has touched him.我認為每個人對他所表現出的
信任感動了他。
Give me knowledge and good sense, for I have put my faith in your teachings.給我知識和理智,
詞匯17 faith n.相信;信任
因為我相信你們的教導。
用法歸納
①lose faith 　　 ...不再信任……;對……失去信心
②have faith in...　　　　　　　　　　
③regain/restore (one's) faith in...(某人)重拾對……的信心
④keep/break faith with sb.對某人守信用/不守信用;對某人忠誠/不忠誠
⑤put one's faith in sth. 　　　　　　　
⑥　　 faith in對……表現出信任
詞匯拓展
①faithful adj.忠實的;可信任的
be faithful to...對……忠實;忠于……
Dogs are friends of man because they are faithful to their master.狗是人類的朋友,因為它們對
in
對……有信心
相信某事物
show
主人很忠誠。
②faithless adj.不忠實的;不可信任的
If you don't keep your promise, you are a faithless person.如果你不信守承諾,你就是一個不
可信的人。
After 15 years at the magazine, she was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief.在雜志社工
作十五年后,她沒有被提拔為主編。(教材P44)
情景導學
A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the
initiative.根據該倡議,還發布了一個為期四年的茶葉推廣——茶路合作計劃。 (2022全國
乙)
The magazine has no ads or sales promotions inside.這本雜志里面沒有廣告,也沒有促銷活動。
His rapid promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.他竟然很快被提拔為銷售經
理,這讓每個人都感到意外。
詞匯18 promotion n.提升,晉升;促銷活動;促進
用法歸納
①(one's/a) promotion 　　 ...被提拔/晉升為……;晉級為……
②　　 promotion促銷;促銷活動
③promotion worker促銷員
詞匯拓展
promote vt.促進,推動;晉升;促銷,推銷
promote sb./sth. (from...)to...使某人/某物(從……)晉升/晉級為……
get/be promoted 獲得晉升
promote development 促進發展
promote understanding促進理解
They can promote people's well-being by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping
to
sales
their memory.它們可以通過改善人們的情緒、減輕壓力和幫助記憶來促進人們的健康。
(2023全國乙)
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
employee n.雇員 employ vt.雇用;聘請;使用;利用
employer n.雇主
employment n.職業,工作;使用
get on 發跡;出人頭地;進展; 上(車、船等);對付 How did you get on at school
你在學校的情況怎么樣
I just can't get on without a friend.
沒有朋友我簡直寸步難行。
高頻詞匯積累
drop out 退出,脫離;輟學 drop out of...退出……,不再參加……
My deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn't been helped by others.
如果沒有別人的幫助,我的同桌就已經輟學了。
ruin vt.毀掉,糟蹋,毀壞 n.毀滅,毀壞;破產;廢墟,殘垣斷壁(常用復數) The terrible weather ruined my holiday.
糟糕的天氣毀了我的假期。
in ruins毀壞;嚴重受損;破敗不堪
The city lay in ruins after the earthquake.
地震之后,這座城市成為一片廢墟。
She wasn't going to let her plans go to ruin.
她不會讓她的計劃破產的。
sacrifice v.& n.犧牲,獻出 sacrifice...for...為……而犧牲……;犧牲……而換得……
sacrifice...to do sth. 為做某事而犧牲……
make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出犧牲
retire vi.退休;退職 retire from...從……退休
retire as...從……職位上退休
retired adj.已退休的,已退職的
retirement n.退休,退職;退休生活
found vt.創立;創建,創辦 found sth. on/upon sth.把……建立在……上
foundation n.創建;創辦;基礎founder n.創建者;創辦者;發起人
designer n.設計師,設計者 design n.設計;安排;圖案;意圖vt.設計;構思;計劃
by design=on purpose故意地
be designed to do...為做某事而設計的
be designed for為……設計的
Talking about being successful, Natalie,what would you say is the most important aspect of per-
sonal development 說到成功,納特利,你認為個人發展中最重要的方面是什么 (教材P108)
情景導學
Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.從他的口音判斷,他一定是南方人。(Judg-
ing的邏輯主語不是he)
Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”...一般來說,親密的友誼有三個“果
實”……(speaking的邏輯主語不是close friendships)
經典結構 情景破
結構1 懸垂分詞結構
用法歸納
　　懸垂分詞結構常用來表示說話人的態度、看問題的角度,或者對所敘述的情況進行解
釋,是句子的獨立成分,其邏輯主語不是句子的主語。常見的懸垂分詞結構有frankly/broadly/
　　　　 /properly/strictly speaking、 judging　　　　 /by...、 talking about...、 speaking
of...、 taking...into consideration等。
結構拓展
有些分詞在句子中逐漸起到連詞或介詞的作用,便把它們視為連詞或介詞。
Considering the dog's physical disability,Mary felt that the name was suitable.考慮到這只狗
的身體殘疾,瑪麗覺得這個名字是合適的。
Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.考慮到她喜歡孩子,教書看
來是很適合她的工作。
generally
from
Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself
to.你若想稱這為一種病態也行,但那就是我做事的風格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。 (教
材P37)
情景導學
No matter what may happen, they've decided to leave this evening.不管發生什么事,他們已決
定今晚離開。
No matter who you are, you have no right to do such a thing.無論你是誰,你都無權做這樣的
事。
...no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.……不管我多么努力,我總是那個
被忽視的人。 (2020天津)
結構2 “no matter+疑問詞”引導讓步狀語從句
用法歸納
　　“no matter+疑問詞”意為“　　 ”,用來引導讓步狀語從句,常見疑問詞包括
　 、 whom、 what、 which、 when、 where、 how等。
結構拓展
①“疑問代詞(what/who/whom/which)+-ever”可引導讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句;引導讓步
狀語從句時,相當于“no matter+疑問代詞”。
Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word.=No matter what happened, he wouldn't say a
word.無論發生了什么,他一句話也不會說。(讓步狀語從句)
Whoever smokes here will be punished.無論誰在這里抽煙都會被懲罰。(主語從句)
②“疑問副詞(where/when/how)+-ever”常引導讓步狀語從句,此時相當于“no matter+疑問
副詞”。
無論……
who
Wherever he goes, I'll follow him.=No matter where he goes, I'll follow him.無論他去哪里,
我都會跟著他。
By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 1
5 years.到2008年黃大年回到中國時,他已經在英國生活和工作了十五年。(教材P43)
情景導學
By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musi-
cian.到他十幾歲的時候,他已經享有出色的年輕音樂家的名聲。
By the time this letter reaches you, I will have left the country.你收到這封信時,我已離開這個
國家。
The bus had already left by the time I got to the bus station.我到公共汽車站時,公共汽車已經開
走了。
結構3 by the time引導時間狀語從句
用法歸納
　　by the time從句的時態為一般過去時的時候,主句常用　　 　　 ;by the time從句的時
態為一般現在時的時候,主句常用　 　　　 。
結構拓展
帶介詞by的時間狀語還有“by the end of...”和“by+時間名詞”,其中by表示“不遲于;在…
…之前”。by+表示現在的時間,句子常用現在完成時;by+表示過去的時間,句子常用過去完
成時;by+表示將來的時間,句子常用將來完成時。
By now,people have realized its importance.現在,人們已經意識到它的重要性。
By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚九點鐘,我們已
經收到二百張來自宇宙飛船的圖片。
By the end of next term, we will have learnt about seven hundred English words.到下學期末
過去完成時
將來完成時
為止,我們將已經學了大約七百個英語單詞。
Sentence 1
長難句 圖解
譯文　有些人在成為百萬富翁后繼續擔心錢——他們努力工作以致富,但隨后他們需要繼
續賺錢,以便他們不會失去他們已經獲得的成就感。
時間狀語從句
目的狀語
目的狀語從句
定語從句
譯文　每當他有兩千多美元時,他就會向當地街頭無家可歸的人贈送小鈔票。
Sentence 2
讓步狀語從句
后置定語
Sentence 3
譯文　我想到了曾經錯過的無數生日派對和外出的夜晚;因為一直尋找可以訓練的游泳池,
而破壞了一次去法國的家庭度假;為了和當地的鐵人三項運動員一起騎行訓練,我忙著在約
翰內斯堡市中心租車,開車闖過“禁行”區,差點錯過哥哥的婚禮。
定語從句
結果狀語
原因狀語從句
Sentence 4
譯文　做我們作為運動員所做的事情讓我們與眾不同,因為我們愿意做一點額外的事情,它
可能會把我們帶到頂峰。
定語從句
賓語從句
動名詞
　　動名詞是非謂語動詞的一種,它既具有名詞的特征,也具有動詞的特征,在句中可作主
語、賓語、表語、定語。
一、動名詞的形式
情景導學
The house is in the process of being built.房子正在建設之中。
Mary regrets having been idle when young.瑪麗后悔虛度了青春。
Tom was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.因為沒有被邀請參加聚會,湯姆
很不高興。
After putting on his yellow boots and rain coat, he followed his father into the rain.他穿上黃色的
必備語法 情景破
靴子和雨衣后,跟著父親走進了雨里。讀后續寫·動作描寫
用法歸納
(1)動名詞的一般式表示一般性動作或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生的動作。主動語態
形式為doing,被動語態形式為①　　　　　　　 。
(2)動名詞的完成式表示發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的動作。主動語態形式為②　
　　 ,被動語態形式為having been done。
(3)動名詞的否定形式是在其前加not。
being done
having done
二、動名詞的功能
(一)作主語
情景導學
Buying loads of new clothing is harmful to the environment.買一大堆新衣服對環境有害。
Before everything else, getting ready is the secret of success.在其他一切(開始)之前做好準備是
成功的秘訣。
It is no use buying books but not reading them.買書而不讀沒有意義。
Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three main sources of learning.多見
識、多吃苦和多研究是知識的三大來源。
用法歸納
(1)動名詞作主語時常表示抽象的、習慣性的或經常性的動作。單個動名詞(短語)作主語時,
謂語動詞常用③　　 形式。
(2)動名詞作主語時有時可用it作④　　　　　 ,而把動名詞置于后面。常見句型為“It is
no use/no good/a waste of time doing...”。
特別提醒
(1)兩個或多個動名詞(短語)作主語,謂語動詞的數根據句意而定。如果指一件事,謂語動詞
用單數形式;如果指不同的事,謂語動詞用復數形式。
(2)動名詞作主語多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一個已經完成的動作。不定式作主
語多表示具體的某一次行為或將來的動作,強調的是動作本身。有時二者之間區別很小,可
互換。
單數
形式主語
(二)作賓語
情景導學
I gave up going to the theatre after I moved out of London.我搬離倫敦以后就不再去看戲了。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他為這
次面試做了充分準備,因為他不能冒失去這一良機的風險。
One never loses by doing a good turn.【諺】行善者決無一失。
用法歸納
　　動名詞作賓語時,可位于(短語)動詞之后,也可位于⑤　　 之后。常接動名詞作賓語的
動詞及短語動詞有appreciate(感激)、consider(考慮)、delay(推遲)、avoid(避免)、finish(完
成)、imagine(想象)、miss(錯過)、mean(意味著)、resist(抵制)、
risk(冒險)、suggest(建議)、recommend(建議)、mind(介意)、escape(避免)、admit(承認)、al-
low(允許)、give up(放棄)、insist on(堅決要求)、feel like(想要)、lead to(導致)、look for-
ward to(期待,盼望)等。
(三)作表語
情景導學
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.=Waiting here alone is what I am tired of.我厭煩獨自在
這里等。
介詞
My job is teaching you English.=Teaching you English is my job.我的工作是教你們英語。
My hobby is collecting stamps because I can learn many things through these little stamps.我的
愛好是收集郵票,因為通過這些小郵票我可以學到很多東西。
用法歸納
　　作表語的動名詞解釋說明⑥　　 的內容,表示籠統、抽象的概念。由于動名詞可作主
語,所以此處主語和表語可以互換。
(四)作定語
情景導學
Bedding is not provided, so bring a sleeping bag.不提供臥具,所以得自備睡袋。
Talk softly in the reading room in order not to disturb others.在閱覽室里要輕聲說話, 以免打擾
別人。
I was not sure what made me look at her as she walked slowly by her wooden walking stick.當她
拄著木拐杖慢慢走時,我不確定是什么促使我看著她。
主語
用法歸納
　　動名詞作定語通常是單個的動名詞,因此常被置于被修飾詞⑦　　 ,表示被修飾詞的
功能或作用,相當于“名詞+for doing”。
三、動名詞的邏輯主語
情景導學
His coming late made the employer angry.他的遲到令雇主生氣。
Mary's going there is of no help.瑪麗去那兒沒有幫助。
之前
用法歸納
　　動名詞可以帶有自己的邏輯主語,構成“名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+動名詞”,即
動名詞的復合結構。
特別提醒
動名詞的邏輯主語如果是無生命的東西或表示泛指意義的有生命的東西,只能用名詞普通
格。
冠詞
　　冠詞是虛詞,不能脫離名詞而存在,包括不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。
一、不定冠詞a/an的用法
情景導學1
I saw an old building in the town.我在這個城鎮里看見了一座古建筑。
Suddenly a football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.突然一個足球恰好落在我面前,并
且差點打到我。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's well-being and a dream of harmony,
peace and development.“中國夢”是一個改善民生的夢,是一個和諧、和平與發展的夢。
用法歸納1
(1)不定冠詞用在⑧　　 　　 前表示泛指,泛指某人或某事(物)。不定冠詞與單數可數名詞
連用也可表示一類人或物。發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前用a,發音以元音音素開頭的單詞
前用an。
(2)第一次談及某人或某事(物),經常用不定冠詞a/an。
情景導學2
She is a high school teacher, whose name is Jasmine.她是一位中學教師,名叫賈絲明。
The Whites consider their daughter an excellent musician.懷特夫婦認為他們的女兒是一位優秀
的音樂家。
單數可數名詞
用法歸納2
　　不定冠詞用于單數可數名詞前表示身份、職業,尤其用在作表語或賓語補足語的名詞
前。
情景導學3
I was born on a Sunday twelve years ago when the sun was shining brightly.十二年前,我出生在
一個陽光明媚的星期日。
Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood Here is a parcel for him.打擾一下,這
個街區住著一位名叫泰勒的先生嗎 這里有一個他的包裹。
用法歸納3
　　不定冠詞用在⑨　 　 或時間名詞前表示不確定的某個人或某個時間,用在人名前還可
以表示與某人有類似特征的人。
情景導學4
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.這種藥每天吃三次。
The car travels at 50 miles an hour.這輛小汽車每小時行駛50英里。
She didn't like the colour of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜歡這兩個包的顏色,
又要了一個。
人名
用法歸納4
(1)不定冠詞用在⑩　 　 前不表示次序,而表示“再一,又一”,即在原有基礎上的進一步增
加。
(2)不定冠詞用在表示長度、時間等的計量單位的名詞前,表示“每一”。
情景導學5
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日給忘了。
As a rule, our academic year begins early in September.我們的學年通常在九月初開始。
序數詞
用法歸納5
　　不定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中,如all of a sudden突然;as a rule通常;have a word with
sb.同某人談話;wait a moment 等一會兒;as a result 因此;once in a while 偶爾;in a hurry匆忙地;
do sb. a favour幫某人忙;take an active part 積極參加;once upon a time從前;in a word總之。
二、定冠詞the的用法
情景導學1
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday
—Yes, as you know, the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得開心嗎
——是的,正如你所知,聚會是在令人愉快的氣氛中進行的。
用法歸納1
定冠詞the用在名詞前指別人都知道我們談論的是哪個人(或物)、哪件事,并能很容易判定該
人(或物)、該事,表示 　　 。
情景導學2
Don't stand in the rain.不要站在雨中。
The sun went behind a cloud.太陽躲在了一朵云的后面。
Do you know who invented the telephone 你知道誰發明了電話嗎
特指
用法歸納2
　　定冠詞the用在表示世界上獨一無二的人或物、自然現象、發明物的名詞之前。
情景導學3
They want the United Nations to play a bigger role as the world's peacekeeper.他們希望聯合國
作為世界維和組織發揮更大的作用。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java.據說馬可·波羅去爪哇
島途中曾在太平洋上航行。
用法歸納3
　　定冠詞the用于表示河流、海洋、山脈、群島、組織、機構、報紙等的專有名詞前。
情景導學4
I think the dog is the most loyal friend of humans.我認為狗是人類最忠實的朋友。
The Border collie is an intelligent animal.博德牧羊犬是聰明的動物。
用法歸納4
　　定冠詞the與單數名詞連用表示整個種類。
情景導學5
It is the third time that he's failed his driving test. 那已經是他第三次未通過駕照考試了。
Which do you think is the more interesting story of the two 你認為這兩個故事哪個更有趣
I'd like to use the thickest dictionary on the bookshelf.我想用書架上最厚的那本字典。
用法歸納5
　　定冠詞the用在序數詞、比較級(兩者相比較,表示特指的時候)和 　　　 前。
情景導學6
The old feel the cold more than the young.老年人比年輕人怕冷。
Many of the injured are still in danger.許多傷者仍處于危險中。
最高級
用法歸納6
　　定冠詞the和形容詞連用,表示具有統一特征的一類人或事物。作主語時,謂語動詞用
　　 。
情景導學7
Jim is paid by the hour.吉姆的工資按小時付。
Eggs are sold by the kilogram.雞蛋按千克出售。
復數
用法歸納7
　　定冠詞the用在表示計量單位的名詞前,即“by+the+名詞”含有“每,每一”的意思。
特別提醒
若其中的名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞,如by weight、by height等。
情景導學8
The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年懷特一家在加拿大定居了。
The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.史密斯夫婦因他們教養孩子的
方式而受到表揚。
用法歸納8
　　定冠詞the用在姓氏的復數形式前,表示 　　 或夫妻倆。
情景導學9
The birds are flying to the north.這些鳥正向北方飛去。
He plays the violin very well.他小提琴拉得很好。
一家人
用法歸納9
　　定冠詞the可用在表示方向、方位的名詞及西洋樂器名詞前。
情景導學10
I went to a hair salon in London the other day.幾天前我去了倫敦的一家發廊。
Jane's grandmother had always wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing
or another always got in the way.多年來,簡的奶奶一直想寫一本兒童讀物,但總是被這樣或那
樣的事情阻礙。
用法歸納10
　　定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中,如by the way 順便說一下;all the time始終;in the middle
of在……中間;the other day幾天前;get in the way妨礙;at the moment現在,此刻;on the one
hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……;in the
afternoon/morning/night/evening在下午/早上/夜間/晚上;in the year 2022 在2022年;on the
whole大體上,基本上;at the same time 同時;at the bottom of 在……底部;in the end最后;in the
daytime在白天。
三、零冠詞的用法
情景導學1
Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.偏遠地區非常需要教師。
Cars are still expensive for lower-income people.對于低收入人群來說,汽車仍然昂貴。
Some people fear that pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.有些人
擔心污染會引起世界各地天氣的變化。
用法歸納1
　　不可數名詞、復數名詞表泛指時用零冠詞。
情景導學2
John is captain of the football team.約翰是足球隊的隊長。
They elected him president of the society.他們選他為該協會的會長。
Peter Spencer, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of students here go on to study at the
University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge.” 這所學校的校長彼得·斯賓塞告訴我們:
“這里五分之一的學生會到牛津或劍橋大學繼續學習。”
用法歸納2
　　稱呼語及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務的名詞作 　　 、補足語或同位語時,用零冠
詞。
情景導學3
Monday comes before Tuesday.星期二在星期一之后。
Won't you stay for lunch 你不留下來吃午飯嗎
I must finish it by the end of July.我必須在七月底前完成它。
Did you use to play football 你過去常踢足球嗎
For us, research and teaching go hand in hand.對于我們來說,研究與教學密切相關。
表語
用法歸納3
表示季節、月份、三餐、大洲、 　　 、球類運動、棋類、學科、語言的名詞前及某些
慣用語中用零冠詞。
情景導學4
I want to go to school/bed/college/hospital.我想去上學/去睡覺/去上大學/去醫院看病。
星期
用法歸納4
　　零冠詞用于某些與學習、生活、娛樂等相關的單數名詞前,表示相關的活動。
特別提醒
若不是指活動,而是指具體的事物,則要用冠詞。比較:
go to the bed到床邊去(側重指“床”這個實體)
go to bed上床睡覺(側重指與“床”有關的活動,即睡覺)
情景導學5
There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.天下沒有免費的午餐。
He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.他成了一名醫生而他弟弟成了教師。
用法歸納5
　　有一些使用零冠詞的固定結構,如no與such連用時no放在such之前,such后的名詞使用零
冠詞;在turn(意為“變成,成為”,系動詞)后作表語的名詞前不用冠詞,但在系動詞become后
作表語的單數可數名詞前面要加冠詞。
即時鞏固講
單句語法填空
1.　　　　 (exchange) ideas and information openly is useful for our improvement.
2.As a curious teenager, I look forward to 　　 　　 (explore) the universe.
3.He recommended 　　　 　 (read) the book before seeing the movie yesterday.
4.Many people were waiting in the　　　 　 (wait) room.
5.My main job is 　　　　 (collect) information about our customers.
6.Bob's 　　　 　 (come) to help contributed to the on-time accomplishment of our task.
7.I'd appreciate your　　　　 (write) me back at your earliest convenience.
8.It's no good 　　　 　 (regret) your past mistakes.
9.It's the first time that I have spoken to so large 　 audience.
Exchanging
exploring
reading
waiting
collecting
coming
writing
regretting
an
10.Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create 　　　　 barrier-free environ-
ment for them.
11.Now that you've got the chance, you might as well make　　　　 most of it.
12.A group of young pioneers always accompany 　　　　 disabled girl on her way to school.
13.India attained　　　　 independence in 1947, after　　　　 long struggle.
14.On the one hand, I want to go to the party, but on　　　　 other hand I ought to be study-
ing.
15.I can't believe the first month is coming to 　　　　 end.
16.As is often the case, 　　　　 rich are not always happy.
a
the
the
/
a
the
an
the

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