資源簡介

(共68張PPT)
Capabilities of the Human Body人體的能力 (教材P50)
情景導學
Leading the discussion is quite beyond his capability.主持這次討論大大超出了他的能力。
He has acted in several films, so he has the capability to become a very fine actor.他演過幾部電
影,所以他有能力成為一名很好的演員。
用法歸納
①have the capability　　 sth./of doing sth.有能力做某事
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情景破
詞匯 1 capability n.(完成困難事情的)能力,才能
to do
②　　 one's capability超出某人的能力
詞匯拓展
capable adj.有能力的;有才能的,能干的
be capable of (doing) sth.有能力做某事
I wonder if she is capable of writing a song.我想知道她是否有能力寫一首歌。
beyond
capability 指一種可能得到發展或應用的才能或能力,
既可以指人的能力,又可以指物的能力
ability 含義較廣,主要指人具有從事體力或腦力勞
動的能力,并且暗含能夠做好的意味
易混辨析
Capabilities of the Human Mind: making decisions, reasoning, justifying...人類心智的能力:做決定、推理、證明…… (教材P50)
情景導學
How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing 我怎么能坐在那兒袖手旁觀呢
He justified his capability of managing our class well by his wonderful performance.他的出色表
現證明他有能力管理好我們的班級。　 (寫作·人物介紹)
He tried to justify his absence to his teacher with lame excuses.他試圖用站不住腳的借口為自
己的缺席向老師辯解。
用法歸納
①justify sth./oneself　　 sb.為某事/自己向某人辯解
詞匯 2 justify vt.證明……有道理,為……辯護(或辯解)
to
②justify (　　 ) sth.證明(做)某事有道理
③justify one's capability　　　　　　　　
詞匯拓展
①justified adj.有正當理由的;合乎情理的
In my opinion, the decision was wholly justified.在我看來,這個決定是完全合理的。
②justification n.正當理由
in justification of...作為對……的解釋(或辯護)
justification for (doing) sth.(做)某事的正當理由
doing
證明某人的能力
All I can say in justification of his actions is that he was under a lot of pressure at work.我唯一
能為他的行為辯解的理由是他工作壓力很大。
To me the only justification for a zoo is educational.對我來說,動物園存在的唯一正當理由就
是它的教育意義。
Capabilities of the Human Mind...solve problems,calculate人類心智的能力……解決問題、計算
(教材P50)
情景導學
I hate the PE class, so I calculate on my English teacher continuing his lesson.我討厭體育課,于
是我指望著我的英語老師繼續講課。
However, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.然而,生
物學家推測全世界有2萬到2.5萬只北極熊。
It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on
maintenance...據估算,僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為兩百億歐元…… (2
022全國乙)
詞匯 3 calculate vt.計算,核算;預測,推測
This sort of life is not calculated to appeal to a young woman of 20.這種生活并不旨在吸引20歲
的年輕女子。
用法歸納
①calculate　　 sb./sth. doing...指望/期望某人/某物做……
②It is/has been 　　 　 　 　 that...據估算……
③calculate that...　　
④be calculated to do sth.旨在做某事
on
calculated
推測
詞匯拓展
①calculation n.計算;估計,預測,推測
He is absorbed in the calculation of that difficult maths problem.他在全神貫注地計算那道數
學難題。
②calculator n.計算器
③calculating adj.精明的;精于算計的
I never realized you could be so calculating.我真沒有想到你會這樣有心計。
They trained the participants to do special breathing exercises...他們訓練參與者進行特殊的呼吸練習…… (教材P51)
情景導學
As an active participant in all kinds of volunteer work, I have a lot of experience in serving oth-
ers.作為一個積極參與各種志愿工作的人,我在服務他人方面有很多經驗。 (寫作·申請信)
用法歸納
①a participant　　 sth.某事的參與者
②an active participant　　　　　　　
詞匯 4 participant n.參加者,參與者
in
積極的參與者
詞匯拓展
①participate v.參加,參與
participate in...參加……,參與……
Anyone who has a talent for music or loves singing can participate in the contest.任何有音樂
天賦或喜歡唱歌的人都可以參加這個比賽。
②participation n.參加,參與
All participants will receive a certificate of participation in the contest.所有參加者都將獲得
參賽證書。
In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”... 與(克隆)其他物種相比,克隆靈長目動物已被證明“困難得多”……
(教材P52)
情景導學
In comparison with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.與之前的研究
相比,這項新的研究拓寬了研究課題。
By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.相比
之下,在保加利亞和阿爾巴尼亞南部,這些手勢有相反的意思。
Our quality is beyond comparison, so our goods can always find a good sale.我們的質量是無與
倫比的,因此我們的商品銷路一直很好。
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.這很
詞匯 5 comparison n.比較
難與她以前的書進行比較——它們是截然不同的。
用法歸納
①　　 /by comparison with...與……相比
②　　 comparison相比之下
③　　　　　　　　　　　 (with...)(與……)進行比較
④　　 　 comparison無與倫比
⑤stand/bear comparison with...比得上……;不亞于……
詞匯拓展
compare v.比較,對比;將……比作;與……類似
compare A and/with/to B 比較A和B
compared with/to...與……相比(常作狀語)
in
by
make a comparison
beyond
compare A to B將A比作B
compare with/to...與……相似/類似
It is particularly interesting to compare the two versions.把兩個版本加以比較特別耐人尋
味。
Compared with the developments of AI, advances in ALife are harder to recognize.與人工智
能的發展相比,ALife的進展更難意識到。(2023北京)
But even more interesting than locating different areas of the brain is...但甚至比定位大腦的不同區域更有趣的是……(教材P112)
情景導學
After a long walk in the forest, he took out his compass and tried to locate himself.在森林里走了
很長一段路后,他拿出指南針,試圖確定自己的位置。 (讀后續寫·動作描寫)
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma
Street station.失物招領處周一至周五上午7:30至下午5:00開放,位于羅馬街火車站。 (2020
全國Ⅰ)
詞匯 6 locate vt.找出……的準確位置;確定……的準確地點;把……安置在 vi.定居;
創辦于……
Xiamen is located in the southeast of China with beautiful scenery.廈門坐落在中國東南部,風景
優美。
用法歸納
be located　　 /in...位于……;坐落在……
詞匯拓展
location n.位置
at
A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past.一種新的流
行病可能是過去人們感染的病毒的不同變體。 (教材P58)
情景導學
The Qinling subspecies never migrated across the Yellow River Basin, and so it has been without
major changes in genetic variation over the past 10,000 years.秦嶺亞種從未遷徙穿過黃河流域,
因此在過去的一萬年中,它的遺傳變異一直沒有發生重大變化。 (China Daily)
詞匯拓展
①variety n.不同種類;品種
a variety of=varieties of各種各樣的
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and
詞匯 7 variation n.變化物,變體;差異,變動
throughout the year.黃石國家公園全年在公園里提供各種各樣的護林員項目。(2023新課標Ⅱ)
②various adj.各種各樣的
Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.通常由于各種各樣的壓力,我們
往往忽視我們的健康。(2022北京)
③vary v.(大小、形狀等)相異,不同,有別;變化,改變
vary in...在……方面有差異
vary with...隨……而變化
vary from...to...從……到……發生變化
vary between A and B在A和B之間變化
Cherries vary in color from almost black to yellow.櫻桃的顏色從近乎黑色到黃色各異。
④varied adj.各種各樣的,形形色色的;多變的
Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have
occurred from the disease.每一種疾病只有在致死病例達到一定數量時才能被正式歸類為流
行病。(教材P58)
情景導學
I classify rubbish into different types every day.我每天都將垃圾分類。
Mail in the post office is classified according to place where it is to go.郵局的郵件按送達地點
分類。
Some people classify pizza as junk food, along with French fries, potato chips, and hamburgers.
有些人把比薩餅連同炸薯條、薯片和漢堡包一起歸為垃圾食品。
詞匯 8 classify vt.將……分類;把……歸入一類
用法歸納
①classify...　　 ...把……歸入……一類
②be classified as...被歸類為……
③classify...　　 ...將……分類……
④be classified by/according to...　　　　
詞匯拓展
①classification n.歸類;分類;分級
garbage classification垃圾分類
The Chinese garbage classification policy has come into operation in several cities.中國的垃圾
分類政策已經在多個城市開始生效。
②classified adj.分類的;歸類的;機密的;保密的
classified information/documents/material機密信息/文件/材料
as
into
根據……分類
　　So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic; as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.所以一種非常少見的疾病會有一個低的基線,在一個地方有幾個病例就會被歸類為流行病;而流感等更常見的疾病有更高的基線。 (教材P58)
情景導學
We are strongly opposed to any form of terrorism.我們強烈反對任何形式的恐怖主義。
As opposed to fossil fuels, which are in danger of being exhausted, raw materials required for the
“artificial sun” are almost unlimited on earth.相對于有枯竭危險的化石燃料,“人造太陽”
所需的原料在地球上幾乎是無限制的。 (China Daily)
詞匯 9 opposed adj.與某事物相反;反對某事物,不贊成某事物
用法歸納
①be opposed　　 反對……
②　　　　　　　　 (表示對比)而,相對于
詞匯拓展
①oppose v.反對,阻撓;與……對壘
oppose doing sth.反對做某事
Another reason why I oppose studying abroad is that it will cost a considerable sum of money.
我反對出國留學的另一個原因是它會花費一大筆錢。
②opposition n.反對,反抗
in opposition to 強烈反對
Protest marches were held in opposition to the proposed law.為抗議新提出的法規舉行了示
威游行。
to
as opposed to
With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim
Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a
more positive future without epidemics.隨著最近的新聞報道把禽流感和過去致命的流行病相
提并論,吉姆·史密斯研究有時令人沮喪的流行病歷史來尋找關于我們如何創造一個沒有流
行病的更積極的未來的線索。(教材P58)
詞匯拓展
①depressed adj.抑郁的,沮喪的,意志消沉的;蕭條的,不景氣的
Some students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become
depressed.一些學生還不夠成熟,無法獨立應付挑戰,可能會感到沮喪。
詞匯 10 depressing adj.令人沮喪的,讓人憂愁的
Because of the depressed market, goods are overstocked in the factory.由于市場不景氣,工廠
存貨過多。
②depress v.使抑郁,使沮喪,使消沉,使失去信心;使蕭條,使不景氣
It depresses sb. to do sth.做某事令某人感到很沮喪。
③depression n.抑郁,沮喪;抑郁癥;蕭條期;不景氣
To my depression, I failed the driving test again.使我感到沮喪的是,這次駕照考試我又沒通
過。 (讀后續寫·心理描寫)
Most of the employers are planning to cut down on wages in response to the economic depres-
sion.為了應對經濟蕭條,大多數雇主正計劃降低工資。
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.科學家現在估計,該地區高達50%的人口死于這種流行病,這使它成為羅馬帝國衰落的主要原因之一。 (教材P59)
情景導學
To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is estimate one's income and expenses.要學
會如何理財,首先要做的是估計自己的收入和開支。 (2022天津)
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised
of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.據估算,現在中國國內消費的稻米有大約60%來
自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。
The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million.這筆交易被估計價值約150萬美元。
詞匯 11 estimate vt.& n.估計,估算　
We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.我們只能對所
需燃料的量做出粗略估計。
用法歸納
①　　　　　　　　　 ...據估計……
②Sth./Sb. be estimated　　 ...某物/某人被估計做……
③estimate...at...估計……有……
④make an estimate　　 ...對……做出估計
詞匯拓展
estimation n.判斷;評價;看法;(對水平、數量等的)估計
It is estimated that
to do/be
of
Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.剛剛熬過戰爭的家庭現在不得不埋葬他們死于這種疾病的親人。(教材P59)
情景導學
She buries herself in assigning the group work.她專心致志地布置小組工作。
I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I'm so different!” 我只想把自己埋在殼里哭
“我太不一樣了!” (2022天津)
Buried in the interesting entertainment programme, I didn't hear the doorbell ring.我沉浸在有趣
的娛樂節目中,沒有聽到門鈴響。
He sat down on the ground, buried his face in his hands and began to weep sadly.他一屁股坐在
地上,雙手掩面,開始傷心地哭起來。 (讀后續寫·動作描寫)
詞匯 12 bury vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏;使陷入
用法歸納
①bury oneself 　　 (doing)...專心致志于……;專心致志地做……
②(be)buried 　　 ...埋在……;陷入……中
③bury...in...用……遮蓋……;把……埋在……
詞匯拓展
burial n.埋葬;葬禮
in
in
Globally, researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for epidemics and help to find effective treatments.全球的研究人員正聚在一起試圖確定流行病的起因,并幫助找到有效的療法。 (教材P62)
情景導學
After sharing the story online,I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith.在網
上分享了這個故事之后,我收到了一個人的來信,這個人認出那位女士是埃琳·史密斯。
I really enjoy the book because I can identify with some of the main characters.我真的喜歡這本
書,因為我能與其中的一些主要人物產生共鳴。 (寫作·推薦書籍)
用法歸納
①identify...　　 ...確認……是……;表明……是……
②identify 　　 sb.與某人產生共鳴
詞匯 13 identify vt.確定,發現;認出,識別
as
with
③identify sb. with sth.把某人視為某物
④identify A with B 認為A等同于B
詞匯拓展
①identification n.鑒定;辨認;確認,確定;身份證明
②identical adj.完全同樣的,相同的
be identical in... 在……方面完全一樣
be identical to/with... 與……完全一樣
To my astonishment, the handwriting on this cheque is identical to the one on that cheque.讓我
吃驚的是,這張支票上的筆跡與那張支票上的筆跡完全相同。
③identity n.身份;特征;一致
The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer.警方正在努力調查兇手的身份。
　　Police questioned several suspects, but they couldn't identify the person who killed the girl.
警方訊問了幾個犯罪嫌疑人,但他們無法確定殺死這個女孩的人是誰。(教材P66)
情景導學
The police are watching the murder suspect for more clues which will help solve the case.警方正
在監視謀殺嫌疑人,以尋找更多有助于破案的線索。
It was perfectly all right, he said, because the police hadn't suspected him of anything.他說什么
事都沒有,因為警察一點兒也沒懷疑到他。
I don't trust her—I suspect that she's a bit two-faced.我不信任她——我覺得她有點言行不一。
The young man ran out of the supermarket in panic, so the police suspected him to be a thief.那個
年輕人驚慌失措地跑出了超市,因此警察懷疑他是個小偷。
詞匯 14 suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子v.懷疑;疑有;不信任
用法歸納
①a murder suspect謀殺嫌疑人
②suspect sb. 　　 (doing) sth.懷疑某人(做)某事
③suspect+　　 從句 懷疑/覺得……
④suspect sb. 　　 ...懷疑某人是……
詞匯拓展
①suspicion n.懷疑
②suspicious adj.懷疑的
of
that　
to be
高頻詞匯積累
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
infer vt.推斷,推定 infer...from...從……推斷……
conclude v.斷定;推斷出;
得出結論
deduce v.推論;推斷
treatment n.診療,治療,療法;對待方式 treat vt.以……態度對待;把……看作……;治療;款待n.款待,招待
treat sb. as/like...把某人當作……對待
treat sb. for...醫治某人……病
treat sb./oneself to sth.用某物招待/款待某人/自己
bound adj.很有可能,肯定會 be bound to do sth.一定會做某事;很可能做某事
be bound for準備前往
abuse vt.濫用,妄用;虐待 n.濫用;虐待 child abuse虐待兒童
abuse of power濫用職權
alcohol abuse酗酒
contain vt.包含,容納,裝盛 include vt.包括,包含
container n.容器;集裝箱,貨柜
sample n.樣本,樣品 vt.品嘗,嘗試;對……做抽樣
調查 This estimate is based on a
small sample.
這個估計是基于一個小樣本的。
They sampled managers as
well as team members.
他們對經理和團隊成員做了抽樣調查。
pose vt.造成,引起,產生(問題、危
險、困難等) n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)
姿勢,姿態 Many people believed that
such epidemics no longer
posed a threat.許多人認為那
樣的流行病不再造成威脅。
He adopted a relaxed pose for
the camera.
他擺了個悠閑的姿勢拍照。
corresponding adj.相應的;對應的 correspondence n.信件;通信;相關
in correspondence with與……通信
correspond vi.通信;相一致;符合;相當于
correspond to/with...和……相符;與……一致
correspond with sb.與某人通信
phenomenon n.現象;杰出的人,非凡的人
(或事物) [pl.]phenomena
wonder n.能人;奇跡
miracle n.奇跡,不平凡的事
While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advance-
ment, others raise moral concerns.雖然有些人認為這對科學進步至關重要,但其他人提及對道
德的憂慮。 (教材P53)
情景導學
While we can't predict what will happen in the future, we can guide ourselves with determination
and love.雖然我們不能預測未來會發生什么,但是我們可以用決心和愛來指引我們自己。
(讀后續寫·主旨升華)
One Monday morning,while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway
of the classroom to take a break.一個星期一的早晨,當孩子們正在享受“自由玩耍”時,我走
到教室門口休息一下。(2022北京)
經典結構 情景破
結構 1 while引導的從句
When people are depressed, some experience a loss of appetite while others can't stop eating.當人
們郁悶時,有些人會缺乏食欲,而其他人卻吃個不停。 (2022天津)
After a while, she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.過了一會兒,她為自己一
開始的行為道歉。 (2020全國Ⅲ)
用法歸納
①while作并列連詞時,意為“而,然而”,表示兩種情況的　　 關系。
②while作從屬連詞引導　　　　 從句時,多置于句首,意為“盡管,雖然”,相當于although
或though。
③while作從屬連詞引導　　　　 從句時,意為“當……時”,從句中的謂語動詞通常是延
續性動詞或狀態動詞。
④while還可以用作名詞,表示“一段時間,一會兒”,常與不定冠詞a連用。
對比
讓步狀語
時間狀語
How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument.如何使用它,它對人類來說是福還是禍,取決于人類,而不是工具。 (教材P53)
情景導學
Whether you like or dislike the job, you have to finish it.無論你是否喜歡這項工作,你都必須完
成它。
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.這件事會對我們有害還是有益還有待觀察。
We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.我們似
乎無法決定是要一個現代化的城市還是要一個傳統的城市。 (2022全國甲)
One thing to consider is whether you want to live at home or move away.要考慮的一件事是你
是想住在家里還是想搬出去(住)。
結構 2 whether...or...結構
用法歸納
①whether...or...表示 “無論……還是……”,引導　　　　 從句。由它引導的狀語從
句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果,語氣是比較強烈的。
②whether...or...還可以引導　　　 從句。
結構拓展
①whether除了用于whether...or...結構,還可用于whether...or not、whether or not結構。
The question whether he will win first prize or not doesn't matter to me.他能否獲得一等獎的
問題對我來說無關緊要。
It's easy to explain how we determine whether smells are dangerous or not...很容易解釋我們
怎樣確定氣味是不是危險的…… (2022北京)
讓步狀語
名詞性
It is still not clear whether or not he has realized.他是否意識到了還不清楚。
②讓步狀語從句的引導詞還有while、though、although、as、even though、even if、no mat-
ter+疑問詞、疑問詞+-ever等。
Happy as they were,there was something missing.盡管他們很快樂,但總缺少點什么。
No matter how difficult it is, I will finish the work ahead of time.無論它有多么困難,我都將
提前完成工作。
With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and
killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for
clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.隨著最近的新聞報道
把禽流感和過去致命的流行病相提并論,吉姆·史密斯研究有時令人沮喪的流行病歷史來尋
找關于我們如何創造一個沒有流行病的更積極的未來的線索。 (教材P58)
情景導學
With nothing to do, they went out for a walk.他們無事可做,出門散步去了。
He is used to sleeping with the window open at night in summer.他習慣在夏天的夜晚開著窗戶
睡覺。
With the efforts made by both sides, we began to understand each other better.在雙方的努力下,
我們開始更好地理解對方。 (2022全國甲)
結構 3 with的復合結構
With the exam approaching, it is a good idea to review your class notes.隨著考試臨近,復習你的
課堂筆記是個好主意。 (寫作·建議信)
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.上一年級的
第一天,我站在門口,心里七上八下的。 (讀后續寫·心理描寫)
We'd better not leave the house with the lights still on.我們最好是人走燈滅。
用法歸納
①with的復合結構即“with+賓語+賓語補足語”,在句中常作　　 ,表示伴隨、原因、
條件、方式等。
②充當賓語的通常是名詞或代詞,充當賓語補足語的通常是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞
不定式(表示將來的動作)、現在分詞(表示主動或正在進行的動作)、　　　　 (表示被動
或已完成的動作)。
狀語
過去分詞
Sentence 1
譯文　他們之所以如此努力工作以打破這一技術障礙,是為了獲得經過基因編輯的動物,并
制作出有助于醫學研究和人類健康的動物模型。
長難句 圖解
Sentence 2
譯文　成功克隆靈長目動物獲得了全世界的贊揚,被認為是一個巨大的突破,可能會產生治
療各種各樣的疾病的方法,還可能提供關于如何阻止衰老過程的線索。
長難句 圖解
Sentence 3
譯文 隨著最近的新聞報道把禽流感和過去致命的流行病相提并論,吉姆·史密斯研究有時
令人沮喪的流行病歷史來尋找關于我們如何創造一個沒有流行病的更積極的未來的線索。
Sentence 4
譯文　很多人擔心這可能會成為下一個全球性的流行病,尤其是當科學家們詳細研究了1918
年西班牙流感死者的組織樣本,證明禽流感是西班牙流感病毒的現代變種時。
完成時和完成進行時
　　完成時表示一個完成的動作,用來表示現在、過去或未來某個時間點已經或將會完成的
動作。完成進行時表示在某個時間點前一直在進行的動作。
一、現在完成時
情景導學
We've just cleaned the classroom.我們剛剛打掃了教室。
He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。
We have never spoken to a foreigner.我們從來沒有和外國人說過話。
Have you been to Hainan before 你以前去過海南嗎
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我已經在軍隊服役五年多了。
必備語法 情景破
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet.我已經寫好信了,但還沒有寄出。
I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。
Over the past few years, some of the positions Mr. Meredith has adopted have made him the sub-
ject of criticism.在過去的幾年里,梅雷迪思先生所采取的一些立場已使他成為被批評的對
象。
用法歸納
現在完成時的結構為“①　　　　 　 　 ”,一般分為以下三種情況:
(1)強調過去的動作對現在產生了影響,與現在的情況之間具有某種關系,常與時間副詞al-
ready、yet、just、before等連用。
(2)表示動作于過去某一時刻開始,一直延續到現在,并且可能還要繼續下去。此種用法常與
since+表示過去的時間點、for+一段時間、②　　　　　 、so far、in/over the last/past+一
have/has done
up to now
段時間、lately/recently/in recent years、ever since等時間狀語連用。注意:現在完成時的這種
用法只適用于延續性動詞,不可用于非延續性動詞。
(3)表示自過去某一時刻到說話時這段時間中的經歷,常用ever、never及表示次數的詞或短
語作時間狀語。
二、現在完成進行時
情景導學
They have been building a bridge for the year.這一年里他們一直在建造一座橋。
I have been learning English since three years ago.自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。
He has been living in this city for ten years.他在這個城市已經生活了10年了。
What have you been doing You've got so much sweat.你一直在干什么 你出了這么多汗。
Hey, Katie, you're so late. We have been waiting for you here.嘿,凱蒂,你來得這么晚。我們一
直在這里等著你。
用法歸納
　　現在完成進行時的結構為“③　　　　　　　　　 ”,一般分為以下三種情況:
(1)表示從過去某一時間到現在一直在進行的動作,在重視動作結果對④　　　　　 的影
響的同時,強調這個動作的連續不斷。
(2)表示動作重復,表示的動作不是一直在進行,而是在斷斷續續地重復。
(3)表示某種感彩。現在完成進行時有時帶有強烈的表揚或厭惡等感彩。
特別提醒
現在完成時和現在完成進行時的區別:
現在完成時表示動作已完成,強調動作的結果或影響。現在完成進行時表示動作在迄今為止
的一段時間內持續進行并有可能繼續進行下去,強調動作的持續性或帶有某種感彩。
have/has been doing
現在
三、過去完成時
情景導學1
He remembered that he had left the key at home.他記得他把鑰匙落在家里了。
Jack had finished his homework before he went out shopping.杰克在外出購物前已經完成了他
的家庭作業。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.這是他那一年第三次失業。
By seven o'clock yesterday afternoon the worker had worked for ten hours.到昨天下午七點鐘為
止,那位工人已經工作十個小時了。
When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child.他在北京的時候游覽
了他兒時曾玩過的地方。
Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer com-
panies.馬克是個天才。到他畢業的時候,已經有十幾家電腦公司給他提供了工作。 (2021
天津)
用法歸納1
　　過去完成時的結構為“⑤　　　 　 　 ”,表示一個動作或狀態在⑥　　 　 　 某一時間或動作
之前已經完成或結束,即“過去的過去”,也可以指過去的動作延續到過去的某個時刻。這
里過去的時間可以用某個時間狀語表示,也可以通過上下文表示。
情景導學2
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就又走了。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了
他。
had done
過去
用法歸納2
　　過去完成時還可用在hardly...when...、no sooner...than...等固定句型中,hardly、no sooner
位于句首時,主句需要用⑦　　　　　 形式。
情景導學3
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.我們本希望你能來,但是你沒來。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他們本來想要去幫忙,但沒能及時趕到
那里。
用法歸納3
　　表示意向的動詞,如hope、want、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等,用過
去完成時表示“原本……,實際未能……”。
部分倒裝
四、過去完成進行時
情景導學
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.我找了好多天才找到它。
She had been suffering from a bad cold before she took the exam.參加考試前,她一直患有重感
冒。
They had been expecting the news for some time.他們期待這個消息有一段時間了。
They had only been waiting for the bus for a few moments before it came.他們只等了一會兒公
共汽車就來了。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.我問他們那些天一直待在哪兒。
The Neanderthals had been living alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of
years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago.尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐洲生活了數萬
年,直到大約四萬年前滅絕。 (2020北京)
用法歸納
　　過去完成進行時的結構為“⑧　　　　　　　 ”,通常表示動作在過去某一時間之前開
始,一直延續到過去的某一時間。和過去完成時一樣,過去完成進行時也必須以⑨　　 的
時間為前提。
had been doing
過去
短語動詞
　　短語動詞是由兩三個單詞組成的動詞,可以是及物的(帶賓語),也可以是不及物的(不帶
賓語)。短語動詞比較復雜,很多短語形式相似意思卻不同。
一、不及物短語動詞
情景導學
Something unexpected has turned up.意想不到的情況出現了。
If you like, we could go out this evening.如果你愿意的話,咱們今晚可以出去。
They have to get up early in the morning.他們一大早就得起床。
He was 29 when the war broke out.戰爭爆發時他29歲。
用法歸納
不及物短語動詞后面不跟賓語,其本身意義完整。不及物短語動詞沒有被動語態。
二、及物短語動詞
情景導學1
I don't much care for the television.我不是很喜歡這臺電視機。
He brought up his children strictly.他嚴格地養育他的孩子。
She made us take down all the posters.她讓我們把所有的海報都取下來。
用法歸納1
　　及物短語動詞一般由動詞加⑩　　 或副詞組成,整體上相當于一個及物動詞,因此后
面跟賓語。
情景導學2
You'd better not throw away those books.=You'd better not throw those books away.你最好不要
把那些書扔掉。
介詞
Don't turn off the computer/Don't turn the computer off before closing all programs or it could go
wrong.在關閉所有程序之前不要關掉電腦,否則可能會出現問題。
I am looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望著收到你的來信。
I've never come across such an experience in my life.我一生中從沒有過這樣的經歷。
Think it over and let me know whether you agree with me.好好考慮一下,然后告訴我你是否同
意我的意見。
用法歸納2
　　有些及物短語動詞中間可以插入名詞,有的則不能。
(1)通常情況下,如果動詞后面跟的是副詞,可以把名詞賓語放在中間,也可以放在副詞之后;如
果賓語是代詞,必須放在中間。常見的有throw away、turn off、think over等。
(2)如果動詞后面跟的是介詞,則不能在中間插入名詞或代詞,即名詞或代詞要放在介詞之
后。常見的有come across等。
(3)在“動詞+副詞+介詞”類型的短語動詞中,動詞、副詞、介詞緊密結合,是動副詞組和動
介詞組的合成體,相當于一個及物動詞。它兼有以上兩類短語動詞的特點,但賓語總是位于
介詞之后。常見的有look forward to、make up for、come up with、get on/along with、catch
up with等。
三、特殊的短語動詞
情景導學
The barrel of gunpowder blew up.火藥桶爆炸了。
The soldiers blew up the bridge.士兵們把橋炸毀了。
I'll come this evening and pick up the books.我今晚會過來取書。
Industrial production is beginning to pick up.工業生產正在開始好轉。
Many people believed that the peace talks would break down.許多人認為和平談判會失敗。
She made great efforts to break down colour lines in public places.她為打破公共場所的種族界
限做出過很大努力。
用法歸納
　　有些短語動詞既可及物又可不及物,主要取決于短語動詞的意思。例如,pick up作及物
短語動詞時,表示“取回,舉起,學會,接收等”,而作不及物短語動詞時,表示“好轉,改善
等”。
四、其他短語動詞
情景導學
Let's have another try.讓我們再試一下。
Please keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我外出時請照看一下孩子。
用法歸納
(1)在“動詞+ 　　 ”這類短語動詞中,常見的動詞有have、take、give、make等,后面的
名詞通常是由動詞轉化來的名詞,如have a try、take a break等。
(2)“動詞+名詞+介詞”這類短語動詞只用作及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞說明程度,賓語
總是位于介詞之后,如keep an eye on、take care of、pay attention to等。
名詞
即時鞏固
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2022天津)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school
　　　　　　　 (cancel) the party.
2.(2022浙江)For the past three summers, I　　　　 　 　 (work)in a government agency in New
York.
3.This is the first time that I 　　　　　　 (invite) you to attend our program.
4.My grandpa 　　　　 　 　 　 　 (enjoy) good health ever since he stopped smoking.
5.I 　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 (write) my daily report this morning and haven't finished yet.
6.As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he 　　　　 (leave)
anything behind.
had cancelled
have worked
have invited
has been enjoying
have been writing
had left
7.The company 　　　　 　 　 　 (promise) a rise in salaries for ages, but nothing happened.
Ⅱ.選詞填空
take over; look forward to; catch up with; take advantage of; bring in; turn off; keep an eye on;
come across; get through; give away
1.(2022新高考Ⅰ)We are 　　　　　 　　　 　 　 the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
2.(2022北京改編)Eventually, the man 　　　　　　　　 her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
3.Sally has asked for a sick leave, so I have to 　　　　　 her work for a couple of days.
4.If you 　　　　　 faults but still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
5.Before leaving America, she 　　　　　 much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting
had been promising
looking forward to
caught up with
take over
come across
gave away
them have the piece they liked.
6.I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the net-
work; I can't seem to 　　　　　　 .
7.The company will 　　　　　 the new technology if it can reduce production costs.
8.I hope that more student associations will be set up in our school and thus we students will 　
　　　 　 　 　 　 the opportunities to develop their good virtues and qualities.
9.We should never forget to 　　　　　 the lights when we leave the classrooms.
10.We've asked the neighbors to 　　　　　 　　　 the house for us while we are away.
get through
bring in
take advantage of
turn off
keep an eye on

展開更多......

收起↑