資源簡介

(共40張PPT)
詞匯1　prevent v.阻擋,防止
The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.平坦的梯
田能夠儲存雨水,防止土壤被沖走。 (教材 P83)
情景導學
It is wise to regularly reflect on your past mistakes to prevent yourself (from) repeating them.定
期反思過去的錯誤以防止你自己重復它們是明智的。 (寫作·建議信)
Anyone who doesn't have an invitation letter will be prevented from entering the building.任
何沒有邀請函的人都將被阻止進入大樓。 (寫作·通知)
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情景破
用法歸納
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人(做)某事
→sb. be prevented 　　　 doing sth.某人被阻止做某事
特別提醒
表示“阻止某人做某事”的表達還有stop sb. (from) doing sth.和keep sb. from (doing)
sth.等,其中stop短語中的介詞from可以省略,但keep短語中的from不能省略。在被動結構中,
以上短語中的from均不可省略。
詞匯拓展
①prevention n.預防;防止;防范
②preventable adj.(疾病)可預防的;(死亡)可避免的
from
詞匯2　harmony n.融洽相處,和諧
But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony
with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.但也許最重要的是人與自然和諧相處建造這
些梯田和種植水稻的方式。 (教材 P84)
情景導學
His action is not in harmony with his words.他言行不一。
It is obvious that the style of the building is out of harmony with its surroundings.很明顯,這座建
筑的風格與周圍環境不協調。
Although there are wars, I believe it's possible for all countries to live in harmony with each other
in the future.雖然有戰爭,但我相信未來所有國家彼此和睦相處是可能的。
用法歸納
①be 　　　 harmony (with sb./sth.) (與某人/某物)一致,協調
②be 　　　 harmony (with sb./sth.) (與某人/某物)不一致,不協調
③live　　　 harmony with...與……和諧相處
詞匯拓展
harmonious adj.和諧的,融洽的
In short, a good and harmonious environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthy.
總之,良好和諧的家庭環境對孩子的健康成長至關重要。
in
out of　
in
詞匯3　design v.設計 n.設計;設計圖案;打算
The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.
這些梯田設計巧妙,其間有數百條相互連通的水渠。 (教材P84)
情景導學
This diet is designed for people who want to lose weight.這個飲食(計劃)是為想要減肥的人而
設計的。
The activity is designed to raise students' awareness of saving water.該活動旨在提高學生的節
水意識。 (寫作·活動介紹)
It is said that a boy left his schoolbag on the plane by design because he didn't want to do his
homework.據說一個男孩故意把書包落在飛機上, 因為他不想做家庭作業。
①be designed 　　　 為……而設計
②be designed 　　　 sth.目的是/計劃做某事;被設計用來做某事
③　　　 design故意地,蓄意地(=on purpose)
詞匯拓展
designer n.設計師
用法歸納
for
to do　
by
詞匯4　harm vt.& n.傷害,損害
These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on in-
sects that can harm the rice crops.這些梯田也為鳥類和魚類提供了絕佳的環境,而其中一些鳥
和魚又以危害水稻的昆蟲為食。 (教材P84)
情景導學
Some students think that smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm
to our health.一些學生認為,智能手機不僅占用了我們寶貴的時間,而且對我們的健康造成了
極大的危害。 (寫作·個人觀點)
There is no harm in saying sorry to your friend first if you two have quarreled.如果你們倆吵架
了,不妨先向你的朋友說對不起。
用法歸納
①do no/great/much/a lot of harm沒有/有極大的/有很多害處
②do sb./sth. harm=do harm 　　 sb./sth.對某人/某物有害
③there is no harm　　　 doing sth.做某事無害處;不妨做某事
詞匯拓展
①harmful adj.有害的,導致損害的
be harmful to...對……有害處
Smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves,but it also threatens other people's health.
吸煙不僅對吸煙者自己有害,也會威脅到其他人的健康。 (寫作·健康)
②harmless adj.無害的;無惡意的
to
in
詞匯5　replace v.以……替換;更換;代替
In sentence (a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the mean-
ing 在(a)句中,我們能否在不改變含義的情況下用“where”替換“in which” (教材P86)
情景導學
Suddenly, curiosity replaced my initial disappointment.突然,好奇心取代了我最初的失望。(讀
后續寫·心理描寫)
Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with/by bicycles.如果我們用自行車代替汽車,
我們的城市將會變成更好的地方。 (2022全國乙)
He will replace his father as the general manager of the company next year.明年他將取代他父親
成為公司的總經理。
用法歸納
①replace sb./sth.取代某人/某物
②replace A　　　 B 用B代替/接替A
③replace sb.　　　 ... 取代某人成為……
詞匯拓展
①replacement n.[U]替換 [C]替代品;接替者
②replaceable adj.可替換的;可代替的
③表示“代替”的其他表達:take the place of sb./sth.;take sb.'s/sth.'s place;in place of sb./sth.;in
sb.'s/sth.'s place;instead of sb./sth.等。
If I refused to go, they would send someone else in my place.如果我拒絕去,他們會派其他人
代替我。
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.現在我可以步行去上班,而不必開車了。
with/by　
as
Electric bicycles will gradually replace/take the place of fuel vehicles and motorcycles for
short-distance travel in the near future.在不久的將來,電動自行車將逐漸取代燃料汽車和摩托
車進行短途旅行。(China Daily)
詞匯6　living adj.活的,活著的 n.生計,謀生;生活方式
Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by
living organisms.大堡礁位于澳大利亞海岸附近,是由活的生物體構成的最大的結構。 (教
材P87)
情景導學
In the 1980s, he went to Shenzhen with his wife to make/earn a living.在20世紀80年代,他和他
的妻子一起去深圳謀生。
用法歸納
make/earn a living　　　
謀生
living 意為“活著的,活的”;引申為“生動的;逼真的;栩栩如生的”,作前置定語和表語 He's the world's most famous living artist.他是世界上仍然健在的最著名的藝術家。
alive 意為“活著的,在世的”,側重說明生與死之間的界限,作表語、補語、后置定語 He has been missing for a long time. No one
knows whether he is dead or alive.他失蹤很久了。沒有人知道他是死是活。
lively 意為“活潑的,活躍的,充滿生氣的”,可作定語,表語和補語 She's a lively child and popular with everyone.她是個活潑的孩子,很受大家歡迎。
live 意為“活的(通常指動物);現場直播的;現場演出的”,常用作定語,放在名詞的前面 I love their music, but I've never seen their live
performance.我喜歡他們的音樂,但我從未看過他們的現場表演。
易混辨析
living,alive,lively,live作形容詞的區別:
詞匯7　narrow adj.狹窄的,不寬的;勉強的;狹隘的 v.(使)變窄;縮小
Tourists can stand on a narrow glass platform called the Skywalk to see the Grand Canyon.游客
可以站在一個叫作“空中走廊”的狹窄的玻璃平臺上觀看科羅拉多大峽谷。(教材 P87)
情景導學
Last year I had a narrow escape, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生,
因此我不想再去冒生命危險了。
I watched as my mother's eyes narrowed and her face tightened.我看著母親瞇起眼睛,臉也繃緊
了。 (讀后續寫·神態描寫)
We will continue to narrow the differences down to the minimum.我們將繼續將分歧縮小到最
小。
①a narrow street/road/path狹窄的道路
②have a narrow escape　　　　 　
③narrow...　　　 (to...)把……縮小(在……之內)
詞匯拓展
narrowly adv.勉強地;以毫厘之差;狹隘地
用法歸納
死里逃生,幸免于難　
down
詞匯8　rent v.租用,租借 n.租金;房租
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.那些住宅
外部沒有空間的居民可以租用小塊土地來種植東西。(教材 P92)
情景導學
Did you rent the car from that company 你是從那家公司租的車嗎
The old couple rented rooms (out) to students in the neighbourhood.那對老夫婦將房間租給了
附近的學生。
Do you have a three-bedroom apartment for rent 你有帶三間臥室的公寓要出租嗎
用法歸納
①rent sth. (out) 　　　 sb.=rent sb.sth. 把某物租給某人
②rent sth.　　　 sb.從某人處租借某物
③　　　 rent出租;招租
to
from
for
詞匯9　limited adj.有限的;受限制的
But in cities,limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.但在城市里,有限的
空間致使人們尋找新的解決方案。(教材92)
情景導學
The poetry contest is limited to poems that reflect the themes of traditional Chinese culture, such
as nature and family.詩歌比賽僅限于反映中國傳統文化主題的詩歌,如自然和家庭。 (寫作·
活動介紹)
用法歸納
be limited 　　　 受限于……,局限到……
詞匯拓展
①limitless adj.無限的
to
②limit v.限制;限定n.限制;(常作復數)范圍;界限
limit...to... 把……限定在……范圍內
within limits 在合理限度內
to the limit到達極限
set a limit to/on...對……設定限度
Your speech is a little long, so you'd better limit it to five minutes.你的演講有點長,所以你最
好把它限制在五分鐘之內。
Only when you push yourself to the limit can you know your potential.只有當你把自己逼到
極限時,你才能知道自己的潛力。 (讀后續寫·人生哲理)
I suggest you set a limit on the time that you spend on your smartphone.我建議你對你在智能
手機上花的時間設一個限制。 (寫作·建議信)
詞匯10　benefit n.好處,益處 v.使受益;得益于;得利于
What are the benefits of gardening 干園藝活的好處是什么 (教材P93)
情景導學
It is said that doing Tai Chi is of great benefit to health, so you can try it.據說打太極拳對健康大
有裨益,所以你可以試試。 (寫作·運動與健康)
Numerous soldiers gave their precious lives for the benefit of the independence of our mother-
land.無數的士兵為了我們祖國的獨立獻出了寶貴的生命。
These activities have sharpened my interpersonal skills, which will benefit me for life.這些活動
提高了我的人際交往能力,這將使我終身受益。 (寫作·活動介紹)
In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from doing some housework.在我看來,學生可以從做
家務中受益良多。 (2021全國乙)
用法歸納
①　　　 the benefit of sb./sth.=for sb.'s/sth.'s benefit為了某人/某物的利益
②be 　　　 benefit (to...)(對……)有益;(對……)有好處
③benefit sb./sth.使某人/某物受益
④benefit 　　　 ... 從……中受益/獲益
詞匯拓展
beneficial adj.有利的;有益的;有用的
be beneficial to...(=be of benefit to...)有益于……;對……有好處
Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the environment.騎自行車運動對健康和環境非常
有益。
for
of　
from/by
高頻詞匯積累
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
wrap v.包,裹 wrap sth. up 把某物包裹起來
wrap A(up)in B用B包裹A
be wrapped up in... 專心致志于……;完全沉浸于……
sheet n.(冰或水等的)一大片;一張(紙);薄板;床單 a single sheet of paper一張紙(2020新高考Ⅰ)
completion n.完成,結束 complete vt.完成 adj.完全的;徹底的
completely adv.完全地;徹底地
therefore adv.因此,由此 so adv.因此,所以
thus adv.因此,從而
consequently adv.因此,所以
consumer n.消費者 consume v.消耗,耗費(燃料、能量、時間等)
consumption n.消費;消耗,消耗量
priority n.優先處理的事,當務之急;優
先,優先權 give priority to...優先考慮……;給……優先權
have/take priority over...優先于……;比……重要
prior adj.在前的;優先的,占先的
(be) prior to... 在……之前
beauty n.美,美麗;美人;美好的東西 a beauty一個美人;一個美麗的事物
a sense of beauty美感
enjoy the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone欣賞黃石國家
公園的美景和奇觀(2023新課標Ⅱ)
beautify v.美化;使更美麗
beautiful adj.美麗的;迷人的
desert n.沙漠,荒漠 v.拋棄,離棄,遺棄(生義) The climate is very dry in the desert area.沙漠地區氣候很
干燥。
Don't desert your pets after adopting them.在收養了寵物之后不要遺棄它們。
deserted adj.空寂無人的;被遺棄的
publish v.出版;發表;公布 His first novel was published in 2002. 他的第一部小說于2002年出版。
The report will be published on the Internet.報告將在互聯
網上公布。
publication n.發表;出版
publisher n.出版商;發行人
expert adj.內行的,專家的 n.專家;行家;能手 be expert at/in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面是專家/經驗
(或知識)豐富;擅長(做)某事
an expert at/in/on (doing) sth.(做)某事的專家/能手;某方面的專家/能手
pleasant adj.令人愉快的 It has a pleasant atmosphere.
它有一個愉快的氣氛。(2021全國乙)
please v.使滿意;使愉快
pleased adj.高興的;喜歡的;滿意的
pleasure n.高興;快樂
energy n.力量,活力;能源 be full of energy 充滿活力
solar/nuclear energy 太陽能/核能
energetic adj.精力充沛的,充滿活力的
結構1　with的復合結構
Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”,with around half the
population spending their free time gardening.如今,數百萬的英國人喜歡說他們有“園藝之
手”,其中約有一半的人把空閑時間花在園藝上。(教材 P91)
情景導學
A handsome man stood there,with a bunch of flowers in his hands.一個帥氣的男人站在那里,手
里捧著一束鮮花。
He turned to me,with his eyes full of horror. 他轉向我,眼里充滿了恐懼。 (讀后續寫·神態描
寫)
With my homework finished, I gladly accepted her invitation.作業做完后,我高興地接受了她的
邀請。
經典結構 情景破
With much housework to do, she doesn't even have time to go shopping.因為有很多家務要做,她
甚至沒有時間去購物。
With tears streaming down her face, she hugged her mum tightly. 淚流滿面,她緊緊地擁抱著媽
媽。(讀后續寫·場景描寫)
用法歸納
with的復合結構指的是“with+賓語+賓語補足語”,在句中常作原因、條件、時間、方
式或伴隨狀語或后置定語。常見形式有:
①with+賓語+　　　　　 (表示動作未做)
②with+賓語+　　　 (表示主動或進行)
③with+賓語+　　　 (表示被動或完成)
④with+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(表示狀態)
動詞不定式　
現在分詞　
過去分詞
結構2　“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級
And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass...雖然
許多英國人最喜歡的莫過于在周日修剪草坪……(教材 P92)
情景導學
—What do you think of the film
—It couldn't be worse.
——你覺得這部電影怎么樣
——糟糕透了。
What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一部小說啊!我從來沒
有讀過比這更感人的小說了。
用法歸納
否定詞與形容詞或副詞比較級連用,表示最高級的意思,意為“　　　　 　 ”。常用的否定詞有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等。
非?！?再沒有比……更……的了
Sentence 1
譯文　因此,建造梯田意味著他們可以擴大水稻的種植面積。
Sentence 2
譯文　但也許最重要的是人們與自然和諧相處,建造這些梯田和種植水稻的方式。
長難句 圖解
主語
賓語
定語
主語
定語
Sentence 3
譯文 如今,龍脊梯田吸引了成千上萬的游客前來觀賞這一人與自然共同創造的偉大奇觀。
長難句 圖解
定語
wonder
定語從句(3) (“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句)
一、“介詞+關系代詞”結構中的關系代詞
情景導學
He is the person to whom you should make a request.他就是那個你應該向其提出請求的人。
The university in which my brother once studied is very famous.我哥哥曾經就讀的那所大學很
有名氣。
Do you know the girl with whom the man talked just now 你認識剛才和那個男人談話的那個
女孩嗎
The computer for which I paid 5,000 yuan is made in Shenzhen.我花了五千元買的那臺電腦是
在深圳制造的。
必備語法 情景破
用法歸納
　　“介詞+關系代詞”結構中的關系代詞可用which或whom,不可用that。指人時常用①
　　 ;指物時用②　　　 。
二、“介詞+關系代詞”結構中介詞的確定
情景導學1
This is the factory in which my father once worked.這是我父親曾經工作過的工廠。(in the fac-
tory)
Do you still remember the day on which we went to visit the museum together 你還記得我們一
起去參觀博物館的那一天嗎 (on the day)
There's no reason for which we shouldn't be friends.我們沒有理由不成為朋友。(for the reason)
whom　
which
I don't like the way in which you talk to your mother.我不喜歡你和你媽媽說話的方式。(in the
way)
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.這就是他經常用來拍照的相機。(with the
camera)
用法歸納1
看③ 　　 詞。介詞往往和④　　　 詞構成固定搭配。比如時間常和on、in搭配;地點
常和on、in、at搭配;原因用for;方式用in、by、with等。
情景導學2
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我們參觀了西湖,杭州
因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.槍支管制是美國人
先行
先行
爭論已久的話題。(argue about爭論)
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.一
些專家認為,閱讀是學校教育所依賴的基本技能。(depend on/upon依賴)
用法歸納2
根據從句中的動詞或形容詞的⑤　　　 確定介詞。
情景導學3
He was educated at the local high school,after which he went on to Peking University.他在當地
的高中接受教育,之后他繼續上了北京大學。
He has been a sales assistant here for nine years,before which he was a photographer.他已經在這
里當了九年的銷售助理了,在這之前他是個攝影師。
搭配習慣　
用法歸納3
通過判斷所表達的⑥　　　 來確定合適的介詞。
三、“介詞+關系代詞”的拓展
1.短語介詞+關系代詞
情景導學
He was badly hurt in the accident,because of which he didn't go to work.他在事故中嚴重受傷,
因此他沒去上班。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.他們來到一座農舍,農舍前面坐著一個
男孩。
用法歸納
常用于該結構中的短語介詞有⑦　　　 、in front of、as a result of、at the back of等。
意義
because of　
2.表部分或整體概念的“代詞/數詞+of+關系代詞”
情景導學
Here are the questions,some of which I think are too difficult for you.就是這些問題,我認為其中
一些對你來說太難了。
He wrote many children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.他寫了許多兒
童書籍,其中近一半是在20世紀90年代出版的。
She brought her three friends,two of whom I hadn't seen before.她帶來了她的三個朋友,其中兩
個我以前沒有見過。
用法歸納
表示定語從句中主語或賓語(人或物)的存在范圍的介詞通常用⑧ 　　　 。表示部分或整
體概念的代詞有some、both、all、neither、none、either、any、most、few、half等。
of
3.“the+名詞+of+關系代詞”的用法
情景導學
The newly built café,whose walls were painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, espe-
cially after hard work.
→The newly built café,the walls of which were painted light green, is really a peaceful place for
us, especially after hard work.這個新建的咖啡館的墻被漆成了淡綠色,這個地方對我們來說
真是個安靜的地方,特別是在辛苦的工作之后。
用法歸納
定語從句中,“關系代詞whose+名詞”可以轉換成“the+名詞+of+關系代詞”。
即時鞏固講
單句語法填空
1.(2023新課標Ⅱ)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's
special education students, many of 　　　 have emotional control issues.
2.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in
class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of 　　　 will be graded.
3.Can you tell me the reason 　　　　 which you were late again
4.In the desert, there wasn't a single person to 　　　　 she could turn for help.
5.The couple felt most angry about the way 　　　　 which the waiter of the hotel treated
them.
6.Students should take an active part in the community activities from 　　　　 they can gain
whom
which
for
whom
in
which
social experience.
7.Whether students can take phones to school or not is a subject 　　　　 which we have ar-
gued for a long time.
8.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of 　　　　 had taken more
than three years.
about/over
which

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