資源簡介

(共37張PPT)
　　The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity
of visiting distant countries yet little known”.“貝格爾號(hào)”的船長想要這樣一個(gè)人:他將“從
訪問鮮為人知的遙遠(yuǎn)國家的機(jī)會(huì)中受益”。 (教材P66)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
It seems that the school life in senior high school is distant from that of his junior high school.高
中的學(xué)校生活似乎與他初中的學(xué)校生活相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
高頻詞匯精講
高頻詞匯 情境破
詞匯1 distant adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的;不友好的;冷淡的;遠(yuǎn)親的
用法歸納
be distant　　 離……遙遠(yuǎn);與……不同
詞匯拓展
①distance n.距離;(空間的)遙遠(yuǎn);(時(shí)間的)久遠(yuǎn);冷淡,疏遠(yuǎn)
in the distance在遠(yuǎn)方;在遠(yuǎn)處
at/from a distance從遠(yuǎn)處;離一段距離
keep sb. at a distance與某人保持一定距離
within walking distance步行就能到
The old man stood on the top of the tower,looking at the trees in the distance.老人站在塔頂上,
看著遠(yuǎn)處的樹。
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar figure came up to her from a dis-
from
tance.當(dāng)她小心翼翼地沿著小溪走著時(shí),一個(gè)熟悉的身影從遠(yuǎn)處朝她走了過來。讀后續(xù)寫·場
景描寫
Learning that other students always keep you at a distance, I am writing to offer you some sug-
gestions.得知其他學(xué)生總是和你保持一定距離,我寫信給你提供一些建議。寫作·建議信
②distance v.拉開距離;與……疏遠(yuǎn)
distance sb./oneself from sb./sth.使某人/自己遠(yuǎn)離某人/某事,使某人/自己撇清和某人/某事的
關(guān)系
　　The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice.響應(yīng)號(hào)召的人并非船
長的首選。 (教材P66)
詞匯拓展
含有answer的其他常用短語:
①answer the phone/a call接聽電話
②answer the door應(yīng)門
③answer (sb.) back頂嘴;還嘴;為自己辯護(hù)
Don’t answer back;it’s not polite.不要頂嘴,這樣不禮貌。
④answer for sth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé);因某事受到譴責(zé)
Their coach must answer for the team’s poor performance.他們的教練必須為這個(gè)隊(duì)的不佳
詞匯2 answer the call 響應(yīng)號(hào)召
表現(xiàn)負(fù)責(zé)。
⑤answer for sb.代表某人講話;代表某人的意見
⑥answer to sb. (for sth.)(因某事)向某人負(fù)責(zé)
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks,
plants and animals.這位被提及的年輕人就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家兼博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文,他對(duì)巖石和
動(dòng)植物有著濃厚的興趣。(教材P67)
詞匯拓展
含有question的其他常用短語:
①beyond question不容懷疑的
Our head teacher s teaching ability and popularity are beyond question.我們的校長的教學(xué)能
力和受歡迎(程度)是毋庸置疑的。
②without question毫無疑問;毫無異議地(接受或服從)
Yuan Longping is without question one of the most outstanding scientists in our country.毫無
詞匯3 in question 正被討論的;有疑問,不確定
疑問,袁隆平是我們國家最杰出的科學(xué)家之一。寫作·人物介紹
③out of the question不可能的;不值得討論的
Since I was only working part-time, paying these debts was out of the question.由于我只是做
兼職,所以不可能還這些債。
　　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived
on the islands a long time before.達(dá)爾文懷疑這些雀科小鳥是由一個(gè)共同的祖先進(jìn)化而來的,
這個(gè)祖先很久以前就來到了島上。 (教材P68)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
What made you suspect her of taking the money 是什么使你懷疑她拿走了錢
Judging from his nervous expression, the police suspected him to be a pickpocket.從他緊張的表
情來看,警察懷疑他是個(gè)扒手。
Three suspects were arrested today in connection with the attack.三名與該襲擊事件有關(guān)的嫌疑
人今天被逮捕了。
詞匯4 suspect v.猜想,懷疑,覺得 n.嫌疑犯,可疑對(duì)象
用法歸納
①suspect (that)...懷疑……,猜想……
②suspect sb. 　　 (doing) sth.懷疑某人(做了)某事
③suspect sb./sth. 　　 ... 懷疑某人/某物是……
of
to be
　　The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔島陸龜?shù)臏缃^被歸咎
于人類。 (教材P71)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
Don’t always blame your failure on others.不要總是把你的失敗歸咎于別人。
When getting along with others, we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes. After all, many
times we are also to blame. So instead of blaming others, we should communicate more and put
ourselves in others’ place.當(dāng)和其他人相處時(shí),我們不應(yīng)該總把錯(cuò)誤歸咎于其他人。畢竟,很多
時(shí)候我們也負(fù)有責(zé)任。因此,我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考,而不是指責(zé)其他人。 寫作·人際
交往
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and always put the blame on the alarm clock.
詞匯5 blame v.責(zé)怪,指責(zé);把……歸咎于 n.(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任;責(zé)備;指責(zé)
很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)早上起床很難,并往往歸咎于鬧鐘。
用法歸納
動(dòng)　①sb./sth. be 　　 　 (for sth.) 某人/某物應(yīng)承擔(dān)(某事的)責(zé)任;某人/某物該(因某事)受責(zé)
備(用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義)
②blame sb. 　　 sth.因某事而責(zé)備某人
③blame sth. 　　 sb.把某事歸咎于某人
名　④put/lay the blame(for sth.) 　　 sb./sth.(把某事)歸咎于某人/某物
⑤bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth.)(對(duì)某事)承擔(dān)責(zé)任
to blame
for
on
on
　　After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population
declined.特別是當(dāng)山羊被帶到平塔島上后,平塔島陸龜?shù)臄?shù)量就下降了。 (教材P71)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined by 10% in recent years to only 5 million.近
年來,來該景區(qū)的游客數(shù)量下降了10%,僅為500萬。
In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford.盡管多次受到邀請(qǐng),他還是
拒絕訪問牛津。
According to the United Nations, Italy’s population is expected to decline from 57 million to 41
million by 2050. 據(jù)聯(lián)合國的預(yù)測,到2050年,意大利的人口預(yù)計(jì)從5,700萬減少到4,100萬。
As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.由于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,鎮(zhèn)上
詞匯6 decline vi.減少;下降;衰退 vt.& vi.謝絕;婉言拒絕 n.減少;下降;衰退
有些人失去了他們的工作。 (2020新高考Ⅰ)
用法歸納
動(dòng)　①decline 　　 減少了……
②decline (from...) 　　 ... (從……)減少/下降到……
③decline an offer/invitation謝絕對(duì)方的主動(dòng)幫助/邀請(qǐng)
④decline 　　 sth.謝絕/拒絕做某事
名　⑤be 　　 decline=be on the decline 處于下降/衰退中
詞匯拓展
常見的表示“減少”的動(dòng)詞(短語)還有:fall、drop、decrease、go down等;常見的表示“增
加”的動(dòng)詞(短語)有:increase、rise、go up等。
by
to
to do
in
　　Some of these chemicals drive insects away.這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)中的一些能驅(qū)趕昆蟲。 (教材
P74)
詞匯拓展
含有drive的其他常用短語:
①drive off驅(qū)車離去,駛?cè)?br/> I watched several people go by, get into their cars and drive off.我看到有幾個(gè)人經(jīng)過,上了車,
然后開車離開了。讀后續(xù)寫·動(dòng)作描寫
②drive sb. crazy/mad把某人逼得發(fā)瘋/發(fā)狂
③drive sb. to do sth.迫使/驅(qū)使某人做某事
His passion for traditional Chinese culture drives him to come to China.他對(duì)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的
詞匯7 drive...away 把……趕走
熱愛驅(qū)使他來到中國。
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly
every plant in a forest.最令人驚訝的是,植物具有一套不可思議的通信系統(tǒng),能夠?qū)⒁黄?br/>中的幾乎所有植物聯(lián)系在一起。(教材P76)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
The new bridge will link the island with/to the mainland.這架新的橋梁將把該島與大陸連接在
一起。
In Chinese culture, red is usually linked with/to joy and celebration.在中國文化中,紅色通常與
高興和慶祝有關(guān)。寫作·傳統(tǒng)文化
Undoubtedly, social customs provide a vital link between the present and the past.毫無疑問,社會(huì)
習(xí)俗在現(xiàn)在和過去之間起到了重要的紐帶作用。
詞匯8 link v.把……聯(lián)系起來;連接 n.聯(lián)系;連接;關(guān)系,紐帶;鏈接
用法歸納
動(dòng)　①link A 　 　 B把A和B連接/聯(lián)系起來;說明A和B有聯(lián)系
②be linked 　　 與……有關(guān)
名　③a link between A 　　 B A與B之間的關(guān)系/紐帶
④click on the link 點(diǎn)擊鏈接
with/to　
with/to
and
詞匯拓展
表示“把……與……連接/聯(lián)系起來”的詞組還有:
①connect...with/to...把……與……連接起來
②join...to/and...把……與……連接起來
③associate...with...把……與……聯(lián)系起來
④relate...to...把……與……聯(lián)系起來
詞匯 釋義 用法&拓展
evolve v.進(jìn)化;逐步發(fā)展 evolve from earlier ancestors由早期祖先進(jìn)化而來
evolve into...逐步發(fā)展成……
evolution n.進(jìn)化;演化;發(fā)展
lead to the evolution of physi-cal characteristics導(dǎo)致身體特征的進(jìn)化(2020全國Ⅲ)
generate v.產(chǎn)生,創(chuàng)造 At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.目前,預(yù)計(jì)在截至2019年4月的一年中,它將創(chuàng)造2.4億英鎊的收入,這些收入將用于學(xué)校體育。(2022全國乙)
generation n.一代(人)the generation gap代溝
近　 produce v.生產(chǎn);制造 　create v.創(chuàng)造
高頻詞匯積累
primitive adj.原始的;低等的;舊式的,簡陋的(生義) a primitive society原始社會(huì)
primitive man原始人
The original station buildings were quite primitive.最初的車站建筑很簡陋。
detect v.發(fā)現(xiàn),察覺(尤指不易察覺到的事物) High levels of lead have been detected in the atmosphere.在大氣中檢測到高濃度的鉛。
detection n.察覺,發(fā)現(xiàn)　　
de-tector n.探測器;偵察器
detective n.警探;私人偵探
We hope the detection will raise public awareness of air
protection.我們希望這一發(fā)現(xiàn)能提高公眾對(duì)空氣保護(hù)的意識(shí)。
root n.根;問題的根源;起因(生義) v.生根 take root(植物)生根;(思想)植根,深入人心(后常跟介詞in)be/lie at the root of sth.是某事物的根本原因
get to the root of the problem找到問題的根源
　　It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.這本書直到1859年才出版,
出版后立即引起轟動(dòng)。 (教材P68)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
I didn’t see the raspberries held in her sharp mouth until the moment she got closer.
→It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.
→Not until the moment she got closer did I see the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.直到它離
我越來越近,我才看到它尖尖的嘴里銜著覆盆子。 (2023浙江1月)
He didn’t realize the value of a healthy body until he got seriously sick.
→It was not until he got seriously sick that he realized the value of a healthy body.
→Not until he got seriously sick did he realize the value of a healthy body.直到他生重病,他才意
經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu) 情境破
結(jié)構(gòu)1 not...until...句型
識(shí)到一個(gè)健康的身體的價(jià)值。
用法歸納
not...until...句型意為“直到……才……”。not until還有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):
①not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu):It is/was+　　　　　 +從句/表時(shí)間的詞+　　 +句子其余部
分.
②not...until...的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu):　　　　　 +從句/表時(shí)間的詞+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主句的主語
/主語+句子其余部分.
not until
that
Not until
　　Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈?duì)枴っ系聽栠x擇研究豌豆植物,因?yàn)樗鼈兊奶匦匀菀卓刂啤?(教材P70)
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
These signs are hard to see clearly.這些標(biāo)志令人難以看清。
The noisy surroundings are difficult to tolerate.嘈雜的環(huán)境令人難以忍受。讀后續(xù)寫·環(huán)境描寫

He is always particular about everything; that is, he is hard to deal with.他總是對(duì)一切都挑剔,也
就是說他很難對(duì)付。
結(jié)構(gòu)2 “主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
用法歸納
在“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中常使用不定式的①　　 形式表示被動(dòng)意義。使用
此結(jié)構(gòu)需具備兩個(gè)前提條件:
(1)形容詞用來說明不定式的特征。常見的此類形容詞有difficult、hard、easy、good、
pleasant、interesting等。
(2)此結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語是不定式的邏輯②　　 。
注意:若不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)該加相應(yīng)的③　　 。
主動(dòng)
賓語
介詞
Sentence 1
長難句 圖解
譯文　這位被提及的年輕人,查爾斯·達(dá)爾文,是一位地質(zhì)學(xué)家兼博物學(xué)家,他對(duì)巖石、植物
還有動(dòng)物非常著迷。
后置定語　
后置定語　
Sentence 2
譯文　達(dá)爾文在南美洲度過一段時(shí)間后,他船上的房間里堆滿了他收集到的動(dòng)植物樣本。
時(shí)間狀語　
that/which　
Sentence 3
譯文　1835年,當(dāng)“貝格爾號(hào)”抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島的時(shí)候,達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物
種,但是其中最令他感興趣的是鳥類。
時(shí)間狀語　
強(qiáng)調(diào)
Sentence 4
譯文　我們一直覺得,會(huì)說話的植物是幻想出來的,但新的研究揭示出一些令人驚奇的事
情:植物似乎真的能交流。
狀
賓語
表語
過去完成時(shí)
一、過去完成時(shí)的定義和構(gòu)成
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
By the age of twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到十二歲那年,愛迪生就已
經(jīng)開始自己謀生了。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆很失望,
當(dāng)他到達(dá)宴會(huì)時(shí),大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。
必備語法 清單破
用法歸納
1.過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞①　　 +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成;
2.過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去的某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,即發(fā)生在
“②　　　　　 ”;也可表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)
間。過去完成時(shí)常與by、for、before、since等構(gòu)成的表示時(shí)間的介詞短語或由after、be-
fore、since、when、by the time等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。
二、過去完成時(shí)的基本用法
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒來時(shí),雨已經(jīng)停了。
He said, “We have got two first places in the competitions.”
→He said that they had got two first places in the competitions.他說他們已經(jīng)在比賽中得了兩
had
過去的過去　
個(gè)第一。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我們本來希望能來看看你。
用法歸納
1.在包含when、before、after、until等連詞的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句謂語和從句謂語表示
的過去的動(dòng)作是在不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的,那么先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常需要用③　　　　　 ,后發(fā)生
的動(dòng)作用④　　　　　 ;
2.在told、said、knew、heard、thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句或間接引語中,常用過去完成時(shí)
表示從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句中過去的動(dòng)作⑤　　 ;
3.think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等動(dòng)詞表示過去⑥　　 實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等時(shí),常用過去完成時(shí)。
特別提醒
在before、after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若
主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句多用一般過去時(shí)。
過去完成時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)　
之前
未曾/沒有
After he arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English.他到達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提
高他的英語水平。
三、過去完成時(shí)的常用句型
情景導(dǎo)學(xué)
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I reached home than it began
to rain.我剛到家就開始下雨了。
It was the second time that I had ever visited your school.那是我第二次參觀你們的學(xué)校。
This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend.這是我給過我朋友的最好的建議。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們有十年沒那么高興過了。
用法歸納
過去完成時(shí)常用于以下幾個(gè)固定句型中:
1.表示“一……就……”的幾個(gè)句型:scarcely/hardly...when...、no sooner...than...中,scarce-
ly、hardly、no sooner所在主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用⑦　　　　　 ,而when、than引導(dǎo)的從
句應(yīng)用⑧　　　　　 ;
2.在句型“This/It was the first/second/...time+that從句”或“This was the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名
詞+that從句”中,⑨　　 常用過去完成時(shí);
3.“It was+一段時(shí)間+⑩　　 從句”句型中,從句常用過去完成時(shí)。
過去完成時(shí)　
一般過去時(shí)　
從句
since
即時(shí)鞏固講
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)It felt great to know that I 　 　　　 (help) bring this family together again.
2.(2022全國乙)Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what
they 　　　 　 (undertake).
3.(2020新高考Ⅰ)One morning she told her children about a family she 　　　　 (visit) the
day before.
4.(2020浙江)By about 6000 BC, people 　 　　　 (discover) the best crops to grow and ani-mals to raise.
5.(2019天津)I 　　　 　 (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I
couldn’t manage it.
had helped
had undertaken
had visited
had discovered
had hoped
6.(2019天津改編)No sooner had she left my doorstep than I 　　　　 (have) emails from two
women whose kids go to my son s nursery and who recognized my face.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.這是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤了。
It was the third time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
2.我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下。
Hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　 when the rain poured down.
3.自從他離開北京已經(jīng)十年了。
It was ten years since 　　　　　　　　　　　 .
4.她在來這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)前已學(xué)過一些英語了。
　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　 before she came to the institute.
had
he had made the same mistake
had I got home
he had left Beijing
She had learned some English
5.到昨天結(jié)束時(shí),我們已經(jīng)收到了來自世界各地的一千多封信。
By the end of yesterday, 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 from all over the world.
we had received over 1,000 letters

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