資源簡介

(共48張PPT)
高頻詞匯精講
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨餓,餓死
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,
the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位研究北極熊多年的專家說,從它尸體的姿勢來
看,這只熊似乎是餓死的。 (教材P26)
情景導學
They wanted to starve the enemies into giving in.他們想斷絕敵人的食物來源以迫使他們投
降。
I was starving and rushed to get something to eat.我餓極了,趕緊去找點吃的。
高頻詞匯 情景破
詞匯 1
Teenagers are starved of/for freedom but they have to rely on their parents financially.青少年缺
少自由,但是他們在經濟上卻不得不依靠父母。
Many babies of the wild animals will starve to death if the parents can't feed them.如果野生動物
幼崽的父母不能給它們喂食,那么很多幼崽會餓死。
用法歸納
①starve to death餓死
②be starved/starving餓得很
③starve sb. 　　 (doing) sth.斷絕食物(或資金)來源以迫使某人做某事
④be starved　 　 ...缺乏……;急需……(主動語態 starve A of/for B使A得不到所需要的B)
詞匯拓展
starvation n.饑餓;餓死;挨餓
into
of/for
face starvation面臨饑餓
die of/from starvation餓死
suffer from starvation遭受饑餓之苦
a starvation diet不足果腹的食物
starvation wages不夠維持基本生活的薪水
Many people, especially those in poverty-stricken areas, are suffering from starvation.許多人,
特別是那些極度貧困地區的人,正在遭受饑餓之苦。
release vt.排放;釋放;放開;發泄;發布,發行 n.排放;釋放;發布,發行;解脫
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.這種熱量以更長的波長被釋放回太
空。 (教材P27)
情景導學
The plant releases a tiny number of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.這種植物會從
正遭受啃食的葉子中釋放出微量的化學物質。
Working out for half an hour in the gym will give you a release from the pressure of work.在健身
房鍛煉半小時會讓你從工作壓力中解脫。
The new film will go on release next week, and I can't wait to watch it in the cinema.這部新片將
于下周公映,我等不及要去電影院觀看了。
詞匯 2
用法歸納
①release... 　　 sth.將……從某物中放出來
②go 　　 release (電影)公映, 發行
③(a) release 　　 ...從……中解脫/釋放
from
on
from
sustain vt.維持;遭受;承受住
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.沒有這個過程,地球就無法維持生命。 (教
材P27)
情景導學
If you don't do enough warm-ups, you might sustain an injury in the exercise.如果你不做足夠的
熱身運動,你就可能在運動中受傷。
用法歸納
sustain an injury/injuries/damage/losses受傷/遭受損失
詞匯拓展
①sustainability n.持續性
②sustained adj.持續的,持久的
詞匯 3
③sustainable adj.可持續的;合理利用的
As we all know, sustainability has become an important aspect of business. That is to say, it is
important to sustain the sustainable development of the economy. If you do so, your company
will get sustained development.眾所周知,可持續性已經成了商業的一個重要方面。也就是說,
維持經濟的可持續發展是重要的。如果你這么做,你的公司將得到持續的發展。
④unsustainable adj.不能持續的;無法維持的
unsustainable growth難以持續的增長
restrict vt.限制;限定;束縛;約束
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon
dioxide our lifestyles produce.作為個人,我們也可以通過限制生活方式產生的二氧化碳的量
來減少我們的“碳足跡”。 (教材P27)
情景導學
In some regions, the school restricts class sizes to 30 students.在一些地區,學校把班級規模限定
在30人。
You can restrict yourself to smoking two cigarettes a day so as to give up smoking gradually.你
可以限制自己每天只抽兩支煙,以逐漸把煙戒掉。 (寫作·健康建議)
用法歸納
①restrict...　　 ...把……限制/控制在……
詞匯 4
to
②restrict sb./oneself　　 (doing)sth.限制某人/自己只做某事
詞匯拓展
①restriction n.[C]限制規定,限制法規;[U]約束
speed restrictions限速
Keep in mind that there are speed restrictions on this part of the road.記住這段路有限速。
②restricted adj.有限的;受限制的;僅限的
be restricted to...僅限于……
The aim of the education is not restricted to learning knowledge or skills.教育的目的不僅限
于學習知識和技能。
③unrestricted adj.沒有限制的
④restrictive adj.限制性的;約束的
to
seize vt.抓住;奪取;控制;侵襲;突然控制
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, a-
long with its causes and impacts...抓住每一個機會來教育每個人了解全球變暖及其原因和影
響是我們的責任…… (教材P27)
情景導學
She tried in vain to seize the gun from the attacker.她試圖奪走攻擊者的槍,但沒有成功。
With the exhibition around the corner, I think you should seize the opportunity to experience
Chinese paper cutting.展覽會即將來臨,我認為你應該抓住這個機會體驗一下中國剪紙。
(寫作·邀請信)
In the big fire, the firefighter spotted a girl who was seized with fear. He quickly seized the girl
by the arm and took her out of the fire.在大火中,消防員發現了一個充滿恐懼的女孩。他迅速
詞匯 5
抓住女孩的胳膊,把她從大火中救了出來。(讀后續寫·場景描寫)
用法歸納
①be seized　　 /by...充滿(某種情緒)
②seize sth.　　 ...從……抓住/奪取某物
③seize sb.　　 the+身體部位 抓住某人的某個部位
④seize a chance/an opportunity to do sth.抓住機會做某事
特別提醒
seize表示抓住某人或某物時,可直接用被抓住的部位作賓語,如seize my hand,也可用“seize
sb. by the+身體部位”結構,表示身體部位的名詞前通常只能用定冠詞the,不能用其他冠詞或
代詞。
with
from
by
submit vt.提交;呈遞;認為;建議 vt.& vi.屈服;順從
According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon
dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.根據研究人員提交的報告,每
年二氧化碳排放總量的20%到25%是對熱帶雨林的破壞造成的。 (教材P28)
情景導學
Although we got stuck in trouble, by no means could we submit(ourselves) to the difficulties and
hardships.雖然我們陷入了困境,但我們絕不能屈服于這些艱難困苦。
These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons. Besides, I even submitted my own
fiction to Youth.這些故事可以減輕我的壓力,開闊我的視野。此外,我還向Youth提交了自己
的小說。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
詞匯 6
用法歸納
①submit that...認為……
②submit (oneself) 　　 ...屈服于……
③submit...　　 ...把……提交給/呈遞給……
④submit an application/a claim/a complaint呈遞申請書/書面要求;提交控訴書
詞匯拓展
submission n.提交;呈遞;屈服;歸順;看法
force sb. into submission強迫某人屈服
to
to
sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;靈敏的;體貼的;易生氣的
Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic 為什么核能是一個敏感的話題呢 (教材P29)
情景導學
Some young people are very sensitive about/to their appearance.有些年輕人對自己的外表很敏
感。
She is afraid to eat cold food because her teeth are sensitive to it.她害怕吃冷食,因為她的牙齒對
冷食過敏。
The person I respect is my English teacher, who is very sensitive to every student's feelings.我尊
敬的人是我的英語老師,他十分體諒每一個學生的感情。 (2020全國Ⅰ)
用法歸納
①be sensitive　　 ...體諒……;對……敏感/過敏
詞匯 7
to
②be sensitive　　 ...對……神經過敏;易因……生氣
詞匯拓展
①sense n.感覺官能;感覺,意識;理解力,判斷力;見識 v.感覺到;意識到
②sensible adj.明智的;合理的;切合實際的;理智的
③sensitively adv.謹慎細致地;小心地
情景助記
about/to
dozen n.(一)打;十二個
Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.許多污染企業被關閉或搬遷。(教材P32)
情景導學
They sold four dozen boxes of such candies last week.上星期他們賣了48箱這樣的糖果。
Though you have dozens of eggs here, I just want two dozen of these eggs.雖然你這里有許多雞
蛋,但我只想要其中的兩打。
Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer com-
panies.馬克是個天才。到他畢業的時候,已經有許多家電腦公司給他提供了工作機會。 (2
021天津)
用法歸納
①a dozen一打/十二個/許多
詞匯 8
②in dozens=by the dozen大量地;大批地
③dozen表示概數時,不與具體數字連用,其后加s,并加of,即dozens of,表示“　　 ”。
④“數詞/several/a few+dozen(幾打/數十個)”修飾名詞時,dozen不加s,后面也不用加介詞
of。但如果dozen后面有these、those、them、us等詞時,dozen后要接of。
情景助記

許多
inspection n.檢查;查看;視察
At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for
abuses.與此同時,他們開始定期進行檢查,并對旅游機構的違規行為進行罰款。 (教材P33)
情景導學
These books are available for inspection here but can't be borrowed from the library.這些書在這
里可供查閱,但不能從圖書館借出。
When the security guard went on a tour of inspection of the offices, he found a thief looking
through some important files in the drawer.當保安巡視辦公室時,他發現一個小偷正在瀏覽抽
屜里一些重要的文件。
用法歸納
①　　 inspection供查看
詞匯 9
for
②a tour　　 inspection巡視
詞匯拓展
①inspect v.檢查;查看;視察
inspect sb./sth. for...檢查某人/某物看看有沒有……
Before handing in the paper, you'd better inspect it for spelling mistakes.在上交試卷之前,你
最好檢查一下,看看有沒有拼寫錯誤。
②inspector n.檢查員;視察員
a health/safety inspector衛生/安全檢查員
of
tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容許
The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.村民們再也不能忍受這種狀況了。 (教材
P34)
情景導學
I can't tolerate sitting next to Tom because he keeps talking while I'm doing my homework.我不
能容忍坐在湯姆的旁邊,因為他在我做作業的時候不停地說話。
用法歸納
tolerate (sb.)　　 sth.容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
詞匯拓展
①tolerant adj.寬容的;容忍的
be tolerant of/towards...容忍/忍受/寬容……
詞匯 10
doing
To be tolerant of others is to be kind to yourself.寬容別人就是善待自己。 (讀后續寫·主旨
升華)
②tolerance n.寬容;容忍;(對痛苦、困難等的)忍受程度,忍耐力
tolerance of/for...對……的容忍/忍受/包容
tolerance to...對……的忍受性/忍耐力
Some plants, like pine trees, have tolerance to cold in winter.一些植物,像松樹,在冬天很耐
寒。
The depth of your life depends on your care of the young, compassion for the old, and toler-
ance for/of the weak.你生命的深度取決于你對年輕人的照顧、對老年人的同情和對弱者的
包容。
③表示“忍受;容忍”的其他常用表達:put up with;stand;bear。
詞匯 釋義 用法& 拓展
emission n.排放物;散發物;排放 emission controls排放控制
emit v.發出,射出,散發(光、熱、聲音、氣等)
ecology n.生態;生態學 ecologist n.生態學家
ecological adj.生態的;生態學的
ecologically adv.生態地;從生態學的觀點看
habitable adj.適合居住的 habitat n.(動植物的)棲息地,生活環境
habitation n.居住;住處;住所;聚居地
高頻詞匯積累
comprehensive adj.全部的;所有的;詳盡的 comprehend v.理解;領悟;懂
comprehension n.理解力;領悟能力
worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各
地的;影響全世界的 后綴-wide可用于構成形容詞和副詞,表示
“……范圍內的(地)”,如:statewide全州性的
(地);nationwide/countrywide全國性的(地)
trend n.趨勢;趨向;動向 a trend towards/in...……的趨勢
set the trend開創潮流
on trend流行的
tendency n.趨勢;趨向
frequently adv.頻繁地;經常 frequent adj.經常發生的;頻繁的
frequency n.頻繁
reform v.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;變革;改良 reformation n.改革;改進;變革
reformed adj.改正的
a reformed character改過自新的人
undergo vt.經歷;經受(變化、不快等) undergo tests/trials/repairs 經受考驗;接受檢修
harmonious adj.和諧的 harmony n.和諧;協調;融洽;和睦
be in harmony with...與……和諧;與……協調
moderate adj.適度的;中等的;溫和的 v.緩和;使適中 moderation n.適度;適中;合理
moderately adv.適度;適量;適中
annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊; 年鑒 annually adv.一年一次地
yearly adj.每年的;年度的
chaos n.混亂;雜亂;紊亂 in chaos一片混亂
originate v.起源;發源;創立 originate from/in...起源于……
origination n.起源;發源
original adj.起初的,原作的,新穎的 n.原創作品
originally adv.起初,原來;獨創地,新穎地
restore vt.恢復;使復原;修復;歸還 restore...to...使……恢復……
restore sth. to sb.把某物歸還給某人
conservation n.(對環境、文物等)保 護;保持 environmental conservation環境保護(2023新課標Ⅱ)
conserve v.保護
regulation n.章程;規章制度 regulate v.(用規則條例)約束,控制,管理
disposal n.去掉;清除;處理 dispose v.安排;處理
dispose of去掉;清除;銷毀
fine vt.對……處以罰款 n.罰款 adj.美好的;健康的
adv.夠好;蠻不錯
campaign n.運動;戰役 vi.& vt.參加運
動;領導運動 advertising campaign廣告宣傳活動(2023全國乙)
campaign for/against...為支持/反對……而參加活動
There is little/no doubt that...幾乎沒有疑問/毫無疑問……
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer...幾乎沒有疑問,地球正在變得越來
越溫暖…… (教材P26)
情景導學
There is no doubt that A Dream of Red Mansions is such a good novel that it is worth reading a-
gain and again.毫無疑問,《紅樓夢》是一部很好的小說,值得一讀再讀。
用法歸納
本句型中,doubt后接that引導的　　 從句,說明doubt的具體內容。
結構拓展
①There is a possibility that...很可能……
經典結構 情景破
結構 1
同位語
There is evidence that...有證據表明……
There is evidence that man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.有證據表明在過去
的500年里,人類一直在長高。
②doubt v.無把握;不確信;懷疑。doubt后接賓語從句時,當主句為肯定句時,常用if或whether
引導賓語從句;當主句為否定句或疑問句時,常用that引導賓語從句。
I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按時完成任務。
I doubt if/whether they can swim across the river.我懷疑他們能否游過河去。
③doubt n.疑惑,不確定,懷疑
no doubt...無疑/很可能……
without/beyond doubt毫無疑問;的確
No doubt our friendship will last forever.我們的友誼無疑會永遠持續下去。 (寫作·友誼)
with的復合結構
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the
river.由于更多的生活和商業垃圾最終進入江中,水污染程度加重了。 (教材P32)
情景導學
The children were making a snowman, with their hands red and cold.孩子們正在堆雪人,他們的
手又紅又冷。
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.所有需要的東西都買了,她高高
興興地回家了。
To be honest, I can't sleep with lights on even if the room is very quiet.老實說,即使房間很安靜,
開著燈我也睡不著覺。
I'm sorry that I can't hang out with you in the street with all these clothes to wash.這些衣服都要
結構 2
洗,很抱歉我不能和你在街上閑逛。
With darkness enveloping the forest, Jane was on the edge of the breakdown, totally at a loss
what to do.夜色籠罩著森林,簡處于崩潰的邊緣,完全不知道該怎么辦。 (讀后續寫·環境描
寫)
With a bunch of flowers in her hand, the girl ran to her mother and handed it to her with excite-
ment and joy.女孩兒手里拿著一束花,她跑向媽媽,興奮而快樂地把花遞給了媽媽。(讀后續
寫·動作描寫)

用法歸納
with的復合結構由“with+賓語+賓語補足語”構成,在句中作狀語或定語。其構成形式如下:
動詞不定式
現在分詞
過去分詞
Sentence 1
譯文　一位研究北極熊多年的專家說,從尸體的姿勢看,這只熊像是餓死的。
長難句 圖解
定語
賓語
Sentence 2
譯文　專家稱,氣候變化導致的海冰面降低意味著北極熊無法像以前那樣捕食海豹,于是它
只能長途跋涉去尋找食物。
賓語
分句
Sentence 3
譯文　氣候學家經常提到一個關鍵的氣候過程——“溫室效應”;它有兩個常見的含義:
“天然”溫室效應和“人造”溫室效應。
非限制
性定語
同位語
Sentence 4
譯文　確鑿、全面的證據表明,溫度上升導致全球極端天氣和自然災害增多,不僅造成嚴重
破壞,而且使人喪命。
同位語
Sentence 5
譯文　氣候學家已發出警告:如果我們不采取適當的行動,這種變暖的趨勢可能會持續下去,
而我們將為此付出更大的代價。
賓語
條件
狀語
分句
Sentence 6
譯文　我們有責任抓住每一個機會,教育每個人了解全球變暖,包括其成因和影響,因為這是
影響這個星球上我們所有人的最嚴重的問題。
原因狀語
直接引語和間接引語
引用別人的話有兩種方式,一種是講述別人的原話,并把它放在引號里,這叫直接引語;另一種
是用自己的話來轉述別人的話,并且不能用引號,這叫間接引語。直接引語和間接引語之間
可以互相轉換。直接引語變成間接引語時,通常借助賓語從句,要注意以下幾個問題:
情景導學1
She said, “I am very happy to help you.”→She said that she was very happy to help me.
用法歸納1
直接引語是陳述句,變成間接引語時,由①　　 引導賓語從句。
情景導學2
He asked me, “Can I do it or not ”→He asked me whether or not he could do it.
必備語法 情景破
that
He asked me,“Do you like playing football ”→He asked me whether/if I liked playing foot-
ball.
用法歸納2
直接引語是一般疑問句,變成間接引語時,由②　　　　　　 引導賓語從句。直接引語是
選擇疑問句,變為間接引語時,由whether or not/whether...or not或whether...or引導。
情景導學3
He asked Lucy, “Where did you go ”→He asked Lucy where she had been.
My sister asked me,“How do you like the film ”→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
用法歸納3
直接引語是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語時,由相應的疑問詞,如who、whom、whose、how、
when、why、where等引導賓語從句,語序要用③　　　　　　 語序。
whether/if
陳述句
情景導學4
They said, “We will go there by bus.”→They said they would go there by bus.
She asked me,“Are you interested in science ”→She asked me if I was interested in science.
His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”→His mother told me that he couldn't go to
school.
用法歸納4
由直接引語變為間接引語時賓語從句人稱的變化規則:從句的主語人稱要遵循“一主、二
賓、三不變”的原則,即:如果直接引語的主語是第一人稱,變為間接引語時要和主句的
④ 　 人稱保持一致;如果直接引語的主語是第二人稱,變為間接引語時要與主句的
⑤　　 人稱保持一致;如果直接引語的主語是第三人稱,變為間接引語時,人稱⑥　　 。
主語
賓語
不變
情景導學5
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.
He says, “I have finished my homework.”→He says that he has finished his homework.
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being
late for class.
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves
around the sun.
用法歸納5
直接引語變為間接引語時,從句時態的變化規則:
(1)如果主句為過去時態,則間接引語的時態變化如下表所示:
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時
一般過去時 過去完成時
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
過去進行時 過去完成進行時
將來進行時 過去將來進行時
現在完成時 過去完成時
將來完成時 過去將來完成時
(2)如果主句是一般現在時或一般將來時,則從句的時態⑦　　 。
(3)直接引語如果是客觀事實或真理,變為間接引語時,不管主句時態如何,從句的時態⑧　 。
情景導學6
He said, “These books are mine.”→He said that those books were his.
She said, “I will come this evening.”→She said that she would go that evening.
She said, “My brother wants to come with me.” →She said that her brother wanted to go with
her.
He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→He said that his sister
had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
不變
不變
直接引語 間接引語
指示代詞 this that
these those
時間 狀語 now then
today that day
this evening that evening
yesterday the day before/the previous day
用法歸納6
指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、方向性動詞的變化如下表所示:
時間狀語 last night the night before
two days ago two days before
next week the next week/the following week
tomorrow the next day/the following day
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow in two days' time/two days after
地點狀語 here there
方向性動詞 bring take
come go
情景導學7
My teacher said, “Don't laugh.”→My teacher told me not to laugh.
The captain ordered, “Be quiet.”→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
用法歸納7
如果直接引語是祈使句,變成間接引語時,把動詞原形變成⑨　　　 　 ,并根據情況在其前加
tell、ask、order等動詞和相應的人稱代詞。注意:此種情況的否定句要用⑩　 　　　 。
動詞不定式
不定式的否定式
即時鞏固
Ⅰ.將下列直接引語改為間接引語,每空一詞
1.“I never smoke a cigarette,” he said.
→He said that　　　 never 　　　 a cigarette.
2.“Do you know where she lives ” he asked me.
→He asked me 　　　　　　　 knew where she 　　　 .
3.“I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.
→He said that he　　　 　　 the house 10 years 　　　 .
4.He asked, “How did you find the enterprise, Mother ”
→He asked his mother　　　 　　　　　 the enterprise.
5.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
→The teacher said that the sun　　　 in the east and 　　　 in the west.
he
smoked
if/whether I
lived
had bought
before
how she had found
rises
sets
Ⅱ.將下列直接引語改為間接引語
1.The teacher said to him, “Be confident.”
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.“Do you like psychology ” Liu Ping asked Bob.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Jenny said, “I changed my bad habits yesterday.”
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
The teacher told him to be confident.
Liu Ping asked Bob if/whether he liked psychology.
Jenny said that she had changed her bad habits the day before/the previous day.
4.“Why are you fond of painting, Tom ” asked Nancy.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.He asked me, “How will Tom go to the party tomorrow ”
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
Nancy asked Tom why he was fond of painting.
He asked me how Tom would go to the party the next day/the following day.

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