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(共28張PPT)
Unit 4 Reading and Thinking
Language points
1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口語一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。
vary vi. to be different from each other in size, shape, etc.
(大小、形狀等)相異，不同，有別
to change or be different according to the situation
(根據情況)變化，變更，改變
to change something to make it different 改變
e.g.
Old people don’t like to vary their habits.
Quentin’s mood seems to vary according to the weather.
Rooms vary in size but all have television and telephone.
The colours of tree leaves vary with the season.
Ticket prices vary from one airline to another.
In this school, the class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
【歸納】
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 隨……而變化
vary from 不同于……
vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
vary between ... and ... 由……到……不等
【拓展】
variable adj. 可變的，變化無常的
various adj. 各種各樣的，不同的
varied adj. 不同的，各式各樣的
variety n. 多樣化，不同種類
【語境應用】根據漢語意思補全下面句子（每空一詞）。
1) 這些花的顏色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。
The flowers _____ ____ ______ _____ _____ but all of them are beautiful.
2) 這家賓館每個房間的費用由20美元到30美元不等。
The charge for a room in this hotel _______ _________ $20 _______ $30.
3) 一般來說水果和蔬菜價格隨季節變化而變化。
Generally speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables ____ ____ ____ ________.
vary in colour and size
varies
between
vary
with
and
the season
/varies from; to
4) 試著不要每句話都以“The”開頭。讓你的句子的開頭有所不同。
Try not to start every sentence with “The”. ________
_______ ___________ ________ your sentences.
the beginnings of
Vary
2. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在其他國家，眼神交流并不總是被接受的。
1) by contrast compare two things/people and the second one
is very different from the first 相比之下
e.g. When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-
fashioned by contrast.
【拓展】in contrast with/to ... 和……形成對比
e.g. His white hair was in sharp contrast with/to his dark skin.
【語境應用】翻譯句子。
1) 相比之下，這個新技術容易而且廉價。(by contrast)
2) 就質量而言，沒有任何廠家能和我們相比。(in contrast with)
By contrast, the new technique is easy and cheap.
As for the quality, no manufacturers can be in contrast with ours.
2) approve
vi. to think that someone or something is good, right, or suitable
贊成; 同意
【常用結構】 approve of sth. , approve of + 從句
e.g. Mary wanted to go abroad, but her parents didn’t approve.
I believe your parents will approve of your choice.
Everybody in my class approved of what he had done.
vt. to officially accept a plan, proposal etc. 批準; 認可
e.g. Almost all the people in the company approved the new building plans.
We have to wait months for the council to approve our plans.
e.g. Sam always tried hard to win his father’s approval.
The project has now received approval from the government.
【拓展】
approval n. 贊成, 同意, 批準
【語境應用】根據漢語意思補全下面句子(每空一詞, 含縮略詞)。
1) 這門課程已經被教育部批準了。
The course ________ ________ __________ by the Ministry of Education.
2) 我跟母親說了我環游全國的計劃，但是她不贊同。
I told my mother about my plan to travel around the country but
________ ________ _________.
3) 我真心贊成你正在做的事。
I heartily ________ ______ _______ _______ ______ _______.
4) 沒有合伙人的同意我什么也不能答應。
I can’t agree to anything ________ ______ _________ ________.
has been approved
she didn’t approve
approve of what you are doing
without my partner’s approval
3. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本，有人看到另一個人使用這種手勢，可能會認為這意味著“金錢”。
1) witness vt. to see sth. happen (typically a crime or an accident)
當場看到; 目擊
to be the place, period, organization, etc. in which
particular events take place
是……發生的地點(或時間、組織等); 見證
e.g. Several people claim to have witnessed the attack.
This university has witnessed quite a few changes over the years.
The past few years have witnessed great changes throughout Eastern Europe.
n. a person who sees sth. happen and is able to describe it to other people 目擊者; 見證人
a person who gives evidence in court 證人
e.g. One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
The judge asked the witness to speak louder.
【語境應用】將下面句子翻譯成漢語。
1) A witness told the police how the fire broke out.
2) I witnessed the traffic accident yesterday afternoon.
3) China has witnessed great changes in the past few decades.
一名目擊者告訴了警察這場火災是怎么發生的。
我昨天下午目擊了這場交通事故。
在過去的幾十年里中國發生了很大的變化。
2) employ vt. to use a particular object, method, skill etc. in order to achieve something 使用; 應用
to pay someone to work for you 雇傭
e.g. You could employ your spare time better.
Jenny has been employed as a secretary in the company.
【歸納】
employ sb. as ... 雇用某人擔任……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事; 從事某活動
【拓展】
employee n. 受雇者; 雇員
employer n. 雇主; 老板
employment n. 雇用; 使用; 職業
【語境應用】根據漢語提示補全下列句子(每空一詞)。
1) 別打擾他，他正忙著寫作文呢。
Don’t trouble him. He ___ _________ ____ writing a composition.
2) 她失業兩年之后被當地的一家書店雇用了。
Having been out of work for two years, she _____ _________ ___ a local bookstore.
employed by
is employed in
was
4. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我們用來表示 “是”和 “不”的手勢在世界各地也不盡相同。
differ vi. to be different from sth. in some way 相異; 不同于
have opposite opinions 有異議, 有分歧
e.g. People’s tastes in films really differ.
The story Tom told the police differed from the one he told his mother.
The footprints in the desert differ in size and shape.
The two sides still differ about / on / over details of the plan.
My parents differ with each other on that problem.
【歸納】
differ from 不同于……
differ in 在……方面不同
differ about/on/over sth. 在某事上持異議
differ with sb. 與某人有不同意見
【拓展】
different adj. 不同的, 有區別的 (常與介詞from搭配)
difference n. 差異, 不同
make a/no/some difference to ... 對……有/沒有/有一些影響
【語境應用】漢譯英。
1) 昨天他告訴警察的故事與告訴他母親的不同。
2) 這對年輕的夫婦在孩子的教育上總是有分歧。
3) 你能否得到這份工作應該與你的年齡無關。
Yesterday the story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.
The young couple always differ with each other on / about / over children's education.
Your age should make no difference to whether you get the job or not.
5. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地區, 人們在見面時更喜歡握手、彎腰鞠躬或點頭。
favour vt. to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth., etc. to another 較喜歡; 選擇
to provide suitable conditions for a particular person, group, etc 有利于; 有助于
e.g. The mother certainly favoured her eldest son.
The wind favoured us and we won the sailing race.
n. a thing that you do to help sb. 幫助; 恩惠
approval or support for sb./sth. 贊同; 支持
e.g. I wonder whether you mind doing me a favour.
I want to ask you a favour / ask a favour of you.
He was in favour of people working shorter hours.
【拓展】
do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 幫某人一個忙
ask sb. a favour 求某人幫個忙
in favour of … 贊同, 支持
【語境應用】根據括號內的漢語提示補全下面句子（每空一詞）。
1) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was
________ ________ ________ (支持) it.
2) Could you ____ ____ ___ ______ (幫我一個忙) and turn off the light
do me a favour
in favour of
6. A smile can break down barriers.
微笑可以打破隔閡。
break down 打破, 消除
【歸納】break down
1) After many years, rocks break down into dirt.
2) We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.
3) The plan was good, but it broke down, because they were unwilling to carry it out.
4) If my mother continues to work like this, she will break down soon.
分解, 分化
(機器、車輛等)壞了
(計劃，談判等)失敗
(身體)垮了
5) She broke down twice when giving evidence on her son’s death.
6) By helpful kindness the teacher broke down the new boy’s shyness.
【拓展】break短語
break into 強行進入；打斷
break off 突然中斷
break out (戰爭、火災等) 爆發
break through 突破
break up 打碎; 分裂; 解體
感情控制不住(哭起來了)
克服，壓倒，粉碎
【語境應用】用含break的短語的正確形式填空。
1) Scientists think they are beginning to ______________ in the fight against cancer.
2) The lift ______________, so we had to walk up the stairs.
3) I was still living in London when the war _____________.
4) Your health will _____________ if you work too hard.
5) She __________ the glass in her search for money yesterday.
broke up
break through
broke down
broke out
break down
7. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，沒有什么比看到一個好朋友的笑臉更好了。
nothing better than
否定詞+比較級+than，表示最高級。
用于該結構的否定詞有：not, no, never, nothing等。
該結構還可以用：“can’t/couldn’t + 比較級” 的形式。
e.g. This could give her no greater pleasure.
這使她再高興不過了。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我從沒有過比這更心煩的日子。
I think nothing is more pleasant than traveling.
我覺得沒有比旅行更快樂的事情了。
I couldn’t have enjoyed it more, though I felt a little bit cold.
雖然我覺得有點冷，但我玩得的確很開心。
I can’t agree with you more.
我完全同意你的意見。

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