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板塊一　詞形的變換
第1講　名詞和數詞
題型 高考典題 命題角度
語法填空 1. (2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western favourites (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.2. (2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common themes (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.3. (2024·全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are treasures (treasure) of American heritage (遺產)．4. (2023·全國甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the sixth(six) century B. C. 5. (2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews(interview) in English with international journalists. 6. (2021·全國甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 7. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my son's (son) life，” said Mrs. Brown. 1. 給出名詞的單數形式，考查其復數形式或所有格；2. 給出數詞的基數詞形式，考查其序數詞形式。
　名詞的數
1. 名詞單數變復數的規則變化
規則變化 例詞
一般情況加-s map→maps；girl→girls；house→houses
以-th結尾的，加-s month→months；truth→truths
以-s，-x，-sh，-ch結尾的，加-es class→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches注意：stomach(胃)的復數是stomachs；ox(公牛)的復數是oxen
以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的，變y為i再加-es city→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→factories注意：以“元音字母＋y”結尾的則直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys
以“輔音字母＋o”結尾的，一般加-es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes注意：1. 少數名詞加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s2. 少數名詞只加-s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos
以“元音字母＋o”結尾的，加-s radio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos
以-f，-fe結尾的，通常變f或fe為v，再加-es half→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives注意：1. 也有的直接加-s，如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs2. 還存在有兩種復數形式的，如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
合成名詞變復數時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復數，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變成復數 son-in-law→sons-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bystoryteller→storytellersgo-between→go-betweensgrown-up→grown-ups
2. 名詞單數變復數的不規則變化
變化情況 例詞
特殊變化 child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；
特殊變化 man→men；woman→women注意：由man或woman構成的合成詞，其復數形式也是-men和-women，如an Englishman→twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成詞，故復數形式為Germans
有些名詞的單復數有不同的拼寫方法 細菌bacterium(單數)→bacteria(復數)；資料、數據datum(單數)→data(復數)；現象phenomenon(單數)→phenomena(復數)
1. The pianos (piano) in the other shop will be cheaper, but they are not as good.
2. The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by mice (mouse) and rats.
3. Here he sat, with his pipe between his teeth(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees.
4. Police were reported to have seized all copies(copy) of this morning's edition of the newspaper.
5. The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and freezing winter.
6. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.
7. I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passers-by(passer-by).
8. The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural phenomena (phenomenon) and farming activities.
9. An ant has two stomachs (stomach), of which one holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants.
10. Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people，but the heroes(hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people.
　名詞的所有格
變化規則 例子
有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加-'s。 his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
表示時間、城市、地域、團體、機構等無生命的名詞后可加-'s。 today's paper 今天的報紙England's shore 英國的海岸the car's design 這輛車的設計
在某些習慣用語中，名詞要加-'s。 a stone's throw 近在咫尺keep sb at arm's length 與某人保持距離；不親近某人be at one's wits' end 黔驢技窮
如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞后加-'s，如果不是共有的則兩個名詞后都要加-'s。 Jane and Mary's mother 簡和瑪麗的媽媽(共有，暗示簡和瑪麗是姐妹關系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 簡的媽媽和瑪麗的媽媽(不是共有，分別指兩位媽媽)
雙重所有格：“a/two/some ... ＋名詞＋of＋名詞's”構成雙重所有格，“of＋名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人。 a friend of her mother's 她媽媽的一個朋友two photos of Mary's 瑪麗的兩張照片
表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop, house, home等詞常省略。 at the doctor's (office)在診所里at the barber's (shop)在理發店at Mr Green's (house)在格林先生家
1. Tom goes to the barber's(barber) to have his hair cut every third week.
2. “Today's (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said.
3. The article concludes that parents' (parents) education affects their children's future.
4. After a moment's(moment) hesitation, the young man reached out his hand to greet the stranger.
5. Studies show that a child's (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.
6. It's about an hour's (hour) drive from our school to the city centre, but it takes more time at weekends.
7. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the earth's(earth) surface in the form of heat.
8. We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a stone's (stone) throw away from the railway station for the sake of convenience.
　數詞——基數詞和序數詞
1. 基數詞變序數詞的規則
一、二、三 one→first，two→second，three→third
從四起加-th four→fourth，five→fifth ...
eight少個t eight→eighth
nine刪除e nine→ninth
-ve用f代替 five→fifth，twelve→twelfth
-ty變成tie twenty→twentieth
2. 分數/倍數
分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞 1/3：one third
分子大于1，分母用復數 2/5：two fifths
兩倍，兩次；三倍，三次 twice；three times
1. Saturn is the second(two) biggest planet in the solar system.
2. It's reported that thousands(thousand) of antelopes are killed for their fur each year.
3. If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus twice(two) the size can hold!
4. Some men are old at sixty-five; others are still as lively as crickets in their eightieth(eighty).
5. Next season will be my ninth(nine) in Liverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract.
6. Then, when I was in the fifth(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.
7. On his twelfth(twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat, saying, “I don't think it's right to eat animals.”
8. Today, experts believe that nearly two thirds (three) of the world's population live within eighty kilometres of the seacoast.
21世紀教育網(www.21cnjy.com)(共23張PPT)
板塊一　詞形的變換
第1講　名詞和數詞
題型 高考典題 命題角度
語法
填空 1. (2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western __________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
2. (2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common ________ (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 1. 給出名詞的單數形式，考查其復數形式或所有格；
2. 給出數詞的基數詞形式，考查其序數詞形式。
favourites
themes
題型 高考典題 命題角度
語法
填空 3. (2024·全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are _________ (treasure) of American heritage (遺產)．
4. (2023·全國甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the _______(six) century B. C. 1. 給出名詞的單數形式，考查其復數形式或所有格；
2. 給出數詞的基數詞形式，考查其序數詞形式。
treasures
sixth
題型 高考典題 命題角度
語法
填空 5. (2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ___________(interview) in English with international journalists.
6. (2021·全國甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but we stopped at the different gates and ___________(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
7. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my _____ (son) life，” said Mrs. Brown. 1. 給出名詞的單數形式，考查其復數形式或所有格；
2. 給出數詞的基數詞形式，考查其序數詞形式。
interviews
watchtowers
son's
考點一　名詞的數
1. 名詞單數變復數的規則變化
規則變化 例詞
一般情況加-s map→maps；girl→girls；
house→houses
以-th結尾的，加-s month→months；truth→truths
規則變化 例詞
以-s，-x，-sh，-ch
結尾的，加-es class→classes；box→boxes；
brush→brushes；match→matches
注意：stomach(胃)的復數是
stomachs；ox(公牛)的復數是oxen
以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的，變y為
i再加-es city→cities；country→countries；
party→parties；factory→factories
注意：以“元音字母＋y”結尾的則直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys
規則變化 例詞
以“輔音字母
＋o”結尾的，
一般加-es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes
注意：1. 少數名詞加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；
mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s
2. 少數名詞只加-s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos
以“元音字母＋o” 結尾的，加-s radio→radios；zoo→zoos；
bamboo→bamboos
規則變化 例詞
以-f，-fe結尾的，通常變f
或fe為v，
再加-es half→halves；leaf→leaves；
shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；
wolf→wolves；wife→wives；
life→lives；knife→knives
注意：1. 也有的直接加-s，
如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs
2. 還存在有兩種復數形式的，
如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
規則變化 例詞
合成名詞變復數時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復數，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變成復數 son-in-law→sons-in-law
passer-by→passers-by
storyteller→storytellers
go-between→go-betweens
grown-up→grown-ups
2. 名詞單數變復數的不規則變化
變化情況 例詞
特殊變化 child→children；foot→feet；
tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；
特殊變化 man→men；woman→women
注意：由man或woman構成的合成詞，其復數形式也是-men和-women，如an Englishman→two
Englishmen；但German不是合成詞，故復數形式為Germans
變化情況 例詞
有些名詞的單
復數有不同的
拼寫方法 細菌bacterium(單數)→bacteria(復數)；資料、數據datum(單數)→data(復數)；現象phenomenon(單數)→phenomena(復數)
1. The ______ (piano) in the other shop will be cheaper, but they are not as good.
2. The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by ____ (mouse) and rats.
3. Here he sat, with his pipe between his _____(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees.
4. Police were reported to have seized all ______(copy) of this morning's edition of the newspaper.
pianos
mice
teeth
copies
5. The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and _____(roof) in the cold and freezing winter.
6. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that ______ (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.
7. I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with __________(passer-by).
8. The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural __________ (phenomenon) and farming activities.
roofs
wolves
passers-by
phenomena
9. An ant has two ________ (stomach), of which one holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants.
10. Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people，but the ______(hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people.
stomachs
heroes
考點二　名詞的所有格
變化規則 例子
有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加-'s。 his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
表示時間、城市、地域、團體、機構等無生命的名詞后可加-'s。 today's paper 今天的報紙
England's shore 英國的海岸
the car's design 這輛車的設計
變化規則 例子
在某些習慣用語中，名詞要加-'s。 a stone's throw 近在咫尺
keep sb at arm's length 與某人保持距離；不親近某人
be at one's wits' end 黔驢技窮
如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞后加-'s，如果不是共有的則兩個名詞后都要加-'s。 Jane and Mary's mother 簡和瑪麗的媽媽(共有，暗示簡和瑪麗是姐妹關系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 簡的媽媽和瑪麗的媽媽(不是共有，分別指兩位媽媽)
變化規則 例子
雙重所有格：“a/two/some ... ＋名詞＋of＋名詞's”構成雙重所有格，“of＋名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人。 a friend of her mother's 她媽媽的一個朋友
two photos of Mary's 瑪麗的兩張照片
表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop, house, home等詞常省略。 at the doctor's (office)在診所里
at the barber's (shop)在理發店
at Mr Green's (house)在格林先生家
1. Tom goes to the _______(barber) to have his hair cut every third week.
2. “_______ (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said.
3. The article concludes that ________ (parents) education affects their children's future.
4. After a ________(moment) hesitation, the young man reached out his hand to greet the stranger.
barber's
Today's
parents'
moment's
5. Studies show that a _______ (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.
6. It's about an ______ (hour) drive from our school to the city centre, but it takes more time at weekends.
7. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the _______(earth) surface in the form of heat.
8. We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a _______ (stone) throw away from the railway station for the sake of convenience.
child's
hour's
earth's
stone's
考點三　數詞——基數詞和序數詞
1. 基數詞變序數詞的規則
一、二、三 one→first，two→second，three→third
從四起加-th four→fourth，five→fifth ...
eight少個t eight→eighth
nine刪除e nine→ninth
-ve用f代替 five→fifth，twelve→twelfth
-ty變成tie twenty→twentieth
2. 分數/倍數
分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞 1/3：one third
分子大于1，分母用復數 2/5：two fifths
兩倍，兩次；三倍，三次 twice；three times
1. Saturn is the ______(two) biggest planet in the solar system.
2. It's reported that _________(thousand) of antelopes are killed for their fur each year.
3. If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus ______
(two) the size can hold!
4. Some men are old at sixty-five; others are still as lively as crickets in their _________(eighty).
second
thousands
twice
eightieth
5. Next season will be my _____(nine) in Liverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract.
6. Then, when I was in the _____(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.
7. On his ______(twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat, saying, “I don't think it's right to eat animals.”
8. Today, experts believe that nearly two ______ (three) of the world's population live within eighty kilometres of the seacoast.
ninth
fifth
twelfth
thirds

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