資源簡介

句 法 篇
第1講　定語從句
　關系代詞
1．關系代詞的用法
關系 代詞 用法 例句
who 指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略) I'm Li Hua from Senior 3，who is one of the faithful fans of the English Corner．
whom 指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可用who代替，但介詞后只能用whom Mr．Smith is the person with whom I am working．
whose (＝of whom/ of which) 指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，表示所屬關系 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike． He lives in a house whose window is broken．
that 指人時，在從句中作主語或賓語，指人時通?？梢耘cwho，whom互換；指物時通?？梢耘cwhich互換 I have many friends that/who/whom I'm going to send postcards to．
which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，也可指代整件事 China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China．
as 指人或物，引導限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語或賓語；主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...結構中 He is such a kind boy as we all like．
引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句或主句的一部分，意為“正如” As we all know，he is a kind boy．
2．限制性定語從句中只用that不用which的情況
語法規則 例句
先行詞是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little等不定代詞，或先行詞被no，little，all等修飾時 He did everything that he could for me．
先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數詞，或先行詞被形容詞的最高級、序數詞修飾時 This is the best film that I have seen．
當先行詞既含有表示人的名詞又含有表示物的名詞時 They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country．
先行詞被the only，the very等修飾時 This is the very book that I've been looking for．
當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
3．當先行詞指物時，定語從句中只能用which不用that的情況
語法規則 例句
關系代詞前有介詞時 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking．
引導非限制性定語從句時 Crusoe's dog，which was very old，became ill and died．
4．當先行詞指人時，定語從句中只能用who不用that的情況
語法規則 例句
引導非限制性定語從句時 Tom，who is my friend，has gone abroad to study．
先行詞是anybody，he，none，those等詞時 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．
5．關系代詞as和which的區別
語法規則 例句
as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中。意為“正如……”，常見的搭配有：as we can see，as we all know，as is known to all，as is reported，as is announced，as is mentioned，as is expected，as is often the case等 As we can see，there is a connection between the words and the ideas of a culture． As is known to all，great changes have taken place in China．
which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后，指代主句，意為“這一點”或“這件事”等 Tom was late for school again and again，which made his teacher very angry．
6．介詞＋關系代詞
類別 句法 功能 例句
介詞＋關系代詞(which/whom) 狀語 He is the person on whom you can depend．
介詞＋whose＋名詞 狀語 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag．
名詞/代詞/數詞＋介詞＋關系代詞(which/whom) 主語 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed for children．
7．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中介詞的確定
語法規則 例句
根據定語從句中動詞、形容詞所需要的某種習慣搭配來確定 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help．(turn to sb．for help) Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested．(be interested in)
根據與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country．(during that time)
根據所表達的意思來確定 The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen．
　關系副詞
先行詞 關系副詞 例句
表示時間的名詞：time，day，year等 when在從句中作時間狀語＝at/in/on/during which We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line．
表示場所的名詞：park，place，country，house等 where在從句中作地點狀語＝in/at/to/on which At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors．
表示理由的名詞： the reason why在從句中作原因狀語＝for which I don't know the reason why he was late．
　定語從句與其他句式
1．定語從句與并列句
語法規則 例句
定語從句一般不用逗號與主句隔開，除非是非限制性定語從句；由并列連詞連接的兩個分句之間通常用逗號隔開 I have three books，and two of them are about history． I have three books，two of which are about history．
2．定語從句與強調句型的區別
語法規則 例句
強調句的結構為“It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起連接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整 It was on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport．
但是定語從句的關系詞既起連接作用還在從句中充當成分，去掉以后結構就不完整了 The book that I borrowed from the library is very useful．
3．定語從句與同位語從句
語法規則 例句
定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關系 The suggestion that he came up with is practical．(that引導的是定語從句，that代替先行詞在從句中充當賓語，可省略)
同位語從句的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內容，與前面名詞之間是同位關系 He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning．(that引導的是同位語從句，that在從句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．To facilitate our comprehension of the world，we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隱喻) that are familiar to us．
2．Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad．
3．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change．
4．On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces．
5．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area．
6．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories．
7．Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．
8．Dr．Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing．
9．The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759．
10．Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．With a trophy in one hand and an awarding paper in the other hand，I looked at my teacher，who gave me a thumbs-up，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride．
我一手拿著獎杯，一手拿著獎狀，望著老師，老師對我豎起了大拇指，他的眼里閃爍著喜悅和自豪。
2．To begin with，I suggest organizing a walking tour around the city to explore the green spaces in Beijing，which will allow participants to experience the beauty of the city's parks．
首先，我建議組織一次環城徒步旅行，探索北京的綠色空間，這將使參與者體驗到這座城市的公園的美麗。
3．World Oceans Day which/that falls on June 8th is aimed at raising people's awareness of ocean conservation．
6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人們保護海洋的意識。
4．First，you'll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant，where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food．
首先，我們會帶你們參觀我們的學校，然后在當地的一家餐館吃飯，在那里你們可以嘗嘗地道的中國菜。
5．For students，what is most beneficial to their study is reading English books，from which they can learn what they can't in class．
對于學生們來說，使他們學習受益最大的就是讀英語書，他們可以從中學習在課堂上學不到的東西。
Ⅲ．語法填空
There was a time 1．when I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English．And this was the reason 2．why my father forced me to join in a 30-day training course in an English club before I went to senior high school．When I first came to the club，3．where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much．So I packed up my things and wanted to go home．Fortunately，my guide，4．whose teacher was a famous educator，communicated with me face to face．He，from 5．whom I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other．Gradually I adapted to the life there．Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6．that/which we did．I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7．who encouraged me to fall in love with English．Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8．which I put my entire energy．Every day I read my words and passages aloud．In class I join in English discussions．Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9．which I can memorize a large number of new words．10．As our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later．”
7 / 7句 法 篇
第1講　定語從句
　關系代詞
1．關系代詞的用法
關系 代詞 用法 例句
who 指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略) I'm Li Hua from Senior 3，who is one of the faithful fans of the English Corner．
whom 指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可用who代替，但介詞后只能用whom Mr．Smith is the person with whom I am working．
whose (＝of whom/ of which) 指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，表示所屬關系 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike． He lives in a house whose window is broken．
that 指人時，在從句中作主語或賓語，指人時通?？梢耘cwho，whom互換；指物時通常可以與which互換 I have many friends that/who/whom I'm going to send postcards to．
which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，也可指代整件事 China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China．
as 指人或物，引導限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語或賓語；主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...結構中 He is such a kind boy as we all like．
引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句或主句的一部分，意為“正如” As we all know，he is a kind boy．
2．限制性定語從句中只用that不用which的情況
語法規則 例句
先行詞是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little等不定代詞，或先行詞被no，little，all等修飾時 He did everything that he could for me．
先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數詞，或先行詞被形容詞的最高級、序數詞修飾時 This is the best film that I have seen．
當先行詞既含有表示人的名詞又含有表示物的名詞時 They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country．
先行詞被the only，the very等修飾時 This is the very book that I've been looking for．
當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
3．當先行詞指物時，定語從句中只能用which不用that的情況
語法規則 例句
關系代詞前有介詞時 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking．
引導非限制性定語從句時 Crusoe's dog，which was very old，became ill and died．
4．當先行詞指人時，定語從句中只能用who不用that的情況
語法規則 例句
引導非限制性定語從句時 Tom，who is my friend，has gone abroad to study．
先行詞是anybody，he，none，those等詞時 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．
5．關系代詞as和which的區別
語法規則 例句
as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中。意為“正如……”，常見的搭配有：as we can see，as we all know，as is known to all，as is reported，as is announced，as is mentioned，as is expected，as is often the case等 As we can see，there is a connection between the words and the ideas of a culture． As is known to all，great changes have taken place in China．
which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后，指代主句，意為“這一點”或“這件事”等 Tom was late for school again and again，which made his teacher very angry．
6．介詞＋關系代詞
類別 句法 功能 例句
介詞＋關系代詞(which/whom) 狀語 He is the person on whom you can depend．
介詞＋whose＋名詞 狀語 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag．
名詞/代詞/數詞＋介詞＋關系代詞(which/whom) 主語 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed for children．
7．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中介詞的確定
語法規則 例句
根據定語從句中動詞、形容詞所需要的某種習慣搭配來確定 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help．(turn to sb．for help) Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested．(be interested in)
根據與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country．(during that time)
根據所表達的意思來確定 The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen．
　關系副詞
先行詞 關系副詞 例句
表示時間的名詞：time，day，year等 when在從句中作時間狀語＝at/in/on/during which We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line．
表示場所的名詞：park，place，country，house等 where在從句中作地點狀語＝in/at/to/on which At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors．
表示理由的名詞： the reason why在從句中作原因狀語＝for which I don't know the reason why he was late．
　定語從句與其他句式
1．定語從句與并列句
語法規則 例句
定語從句一般不用逗號與主句隔開，除非是非限制性定語從句；由并列連詞連接的兩個分句之間通常用逗號隔開 I have three books，and two of them are about history． I have three books，two of which are about history．
2．定語從句與強調句型的區別
語法規則 例句
強調句的結構為“It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起連接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整 It was on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport．
但是定語從句的關系詞既起連接作用還在從句中充當成分，去掉以后結構就不完整了 The book that I borrowed from the library is very useful．
3．定語從句與同位語從句
語法規則 例句
定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關系 The suggestion that he came up with is practical．(that引導的是定語從句，that代替先行詞在從句中充當賓語，可省略)
同位語從句的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內容，與前面名詞之間是同位關系 He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning．(that引導的是同位語從句，that在從句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．To facilitate our comprehension of the world，we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隱喻) ____________ are familiar to us．
2．Moreover，having a system in the same building ____________ it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad．
3．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics ____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change．
4．On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，____________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces．
5．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area．
6．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything ____________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories．
7．Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．
8．Dr．Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing．
9．The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759．
10．Their child is at the stage ____________ she can say individual words but not full sentences．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．With a trophy in one hand and an awarding paper in the other hand，I looked at my teacher，______________________________________________________________
____________________________．
我一手拿著獎杯，一手拿著獎狀，望著老師，老師對我豎起了大拇指，他的眼里閃爍著喜悅和自豪。
2．To begin with，I suggest organizing a walking tour around the city to explore the green spaces in Beijing，__________________________________________________
____________________________．
首先，我建議組織一次環城徒步旅行，探索北京的綠色空間，這將使參與者體驗到這座城市的公園的美麗。
3．World Oceans Day ________________________________ is aimed at raising people's awareness of ocean conservation．
6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人們保護海洋的意識。
4．First，you'll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant，________________________________________________．
首先，我們會帶你們參觀我們的學校，然后在當地的一家餐館吃飯，在那里你們可以嘗嘗地道的中國菜。
5．For students，what is most beneficial to their study is reading English books，________________________________________________．
對于學生們來說，使他們學習受益最大的就是讀英語書，他們可以從中學習在課堂上學不到的東西。
Ⅲ．語法填空
There was a time 1．____________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English．And this was the reason 2．____________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training course in an English club before I went to senior high school．When I first came to the club，3．____________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much．So I packed up my things and wanted to go home．Fortunately，my guide，4．____________ teacher was a famous educator，communicated with me face to face．He，from 5．____________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other．Gradually I adapted to the life there．Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6．____________ we did．I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7．____________ encouraged me to fall in love with English．Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8．____________ I put my entire energy．Every day I read my words and passages aloud．In class I join in English discussions．Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9．____________ I can memorize a large number of new words．10．____________ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later．”
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