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專題03 閱讀理解（說明文）15篇（中考真題 中考模擬）-沖刺2025年中考英語演練（全國通用）
（2024·江蘇淮安·中考真題）Just one bite of cake with eggs is enough to make John feel very sick. Susan gets a terrible skin (皮膚) problem whenever she eats anything containing seafood, and David nearly died when he first ate a peanut cookie The body’s reaction (反應) to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death. There are many things we eat that may cause our bodies to react badly if we have a food allergy (過敏).
There are three common ways to test food allergies. Probably the simplest way is to give a child a food test. The doctor watches the child eat a little certain food to see if the child has an allergic reaction. This method takes quite a long time so it is used less often than the other two methods—skin tests and blood tests. In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child’s skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts. In a blood test, doctors take some of the child’s blood and add allergens to it and then check the blood.
Dr. Jennifer from Stanford University spent 10 years studying the methods. She found a surprising fact. Skin tests or blood tests given to patients who visited their doctor for treatment of skin problems or stomachaches showed that these patients were allergic to certain foods. However, later tests showed that although they tested positive (陽性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy.
Food allergies have something to do with a person’s immune system, while food intolerance has something to do with a person’s digestive system and the reaction is usually less serious. One of the most common kinds of food intolerance happens to people who have trouble taking in the sugar in food like milk, cheese and ice cream.
Though allergy tests may show false positive results, they are still useful and can save lives. Some children’s food allergies may disappear as they grow older, so even though doctors don’t cure food allergies, sometimes the body itself does.
1．The underlined word “allergens” refers to (指的是) ________.
A．something that hurts people’s skin B．something that protects people’s skin
C．something that prevents an allergic reaction D．something that causes an allergic reaction
2．What can we learn from Dr. Jennifer’s study
A．Patients who tested positive may have food intolerance.
B．Skin tests are much better than blood tests.
C．Stomachaches are usually caused by food allergies.
D．People with food intolerance should avoid food with sugar.
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Food allergy—Can we cure it B．Food allergy—How to test it.
C．Food allergy tests—Can we trust them D．Food allergy tests—How to improve them.
（2024·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·中考真題）
Classical Chinese gardens are purposely designed so that no matter where you stand, you can never see the whole thing at once. The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.
Put simply, the aim of a classical Chinese garden is to deepen one’s admiration of nature. Besides just relaxing in nature, the classical Chinese gardens have another purpose—to inspire artistic expression like poetry, literature or painting. Nearly all Chinese gardens feature the things in the list below.
Water
Water is a necessary thing that no Chinese garden can go without. The water in a garden typically symbolizes a lake or even the ocean. Water can even symbolize communication, movement and dreams.
Rocks
Large rocks typically symbolize mountains. Many of the rocks in the Suzhou gardens come from Lake Tai, having been shaped by the flow of water over thousands of years. Smaller rocks are often on show in the fancy halls at a garden’s entrance. This shows the appreciation the garden owners had of these rocks.
Plants
You can’t have a garden without plants. Different plants and flowers are used for either symbolic or aesthetic (美學的) purpose—or both. Bamboo, for example, represents strength. Flowers, meanwhile, add color to a garden, with each carrying a symbolic meaning of its own.
Gates & Windows
Gates of different shapes divide different parts of a garden. The most common type of gate, the moon gate, is simply a circle. Windows are placed throughout the garden to allow the passage of light. You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.
Pavilions (亭)
In Chinese gardens, pavilions are usually placed in some of the best viewing places. Sometimes a pavilion is placed where one can see the reflection (倒影) of the moon at night, or in the best place to listen to the sound of rain on the leaves above. In the past, pavilions were also used as places for garden owners to reflect, paint and write poems.
4．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Plants. B．Paintings. C．Classical gardens. D．Mystery and discovery.
5．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To list some plants and flowers. B．To introduce classical Chinese gardens.
C．To explain the history of classical gardens. D．To compare different classical gardens in China.
6．Which of the following best explains “glimpse” underlined in paragraph 6
A．Look. B．Visit. C．Guess. D．Feeling.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nature Speaks for Itself B．Chinese Gardens and Western Gardens
C．Getting Lost in Classical Chinese Gardens D．Finding Ways to Modern Arts and Buildings
（2024·四川瀘州·中考真題）We all want to do things well. For example, as students all of us want to have a good performance in study and get good grades. However, growing up also includes accepting when things go wrong. In fact, mistakes can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful results.
Aiming for good results can help you focus on (關注) your goals, but it’s also important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on whether things go as planned can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to worry. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for mistakes and imperfections.
Dr. Rekha Vara is a doctor who helps people with their mental health (心理健康). She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr. Vara. “Or we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead us to put off doing difficult things or avoid trying new things.”
Learning from your mistakes is necessary during growing up. The most important thing is what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame (責備) yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr. Vara explains, “Remember you’re a common man. Humans make mistakes.” ______, then these feelings will soon pass and then you’ll feel happier.
Instead, thinking about what you might do differently next time helps a lot. In one study, if students were reminded to forgive (寬恕) and be kind to themselves when they failed a test, they felt more encouraged to try again, while other students were less pleased to have a second try.
8．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．執(zhí)迷 B．懊悔 C．遺憾 D．忽略
9．Which of the following would Dr. Vara agree with
A．Fear leads us to try new things.
B．Failure is normal in growing up.
C．Good results make us stronger.
D．People hardly ever get things wrong.
10．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 4
A．Everyone will grow up B．Process is really important
C．You should enjoy your feelings D．You might feel uncomfortable at first
11．How does the writer support his idea in the last Paragraph
A．By telling stories. B．By giving an example.
C．By listing numbers. D．By describing a problem.
12．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Stick to your goals B．Avoid making mistakes
C．Imperfection can be a gift D．Pressure is the key to success
（2024·青海西寧·中考真題）In April, the students performed stilts during the sports meeting in Lusha’er town, Huangzhong district (區(qū)). It has got much attention. This was the first time that stilts were performed at school events. People in Qinghai can admire many stilts during the Spring Festivals and the Lantern Festivals. Lusha’er Stilts are the most well-known among them. Lusha’er Stilts culture was born in Ming Dynasty. It is intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)). It is famous for the height, plenty of performers, rich changes and powerful music, especially its height. The highest stilts are about 3. 5 meters. But the performers can walk and dance on such high sticks without difficulty through practising. During the Spring Festival of 2024, Lusha’er Stilts were shown on Henan TV. Millions of people were shocked by them.
“More and more young people become interested in the stilt culture. Hope they will understand it deeply and pass it from one generation (代) to another,” said a teacher.
13．Students performed stilts in Lusha’er town during _________.
A．the Spring Festival B．the Lantern Festival
C．the sports meeting D．the class meeting
14．Lusha’er Stilts culture may have been born for about _________ years.
A．100 B．600 C．1000 D．1500
15．Lusha’er Stilts are especially well-known for _________.
A．the height B．rich changes C．powerful music D．plenty of performers
16．What can we know from the passage
A．Lusha’er Stilts come from Henan Province.
B．Teenagers should play a role in passing down traditional culture.
C．People in Qinghai can admire stilt performances whenever they like.
D．The stilt performers are born with the ability to perform stilts without difficulty.
17．What is the passage talking about
A． B． C． D．
（2024·山東德州·中考真題）
You already know why cicadas (蟬) are so unbelievably noisy: males produce the sound to attract females. But do you know some of them appear above ground only every 17 years
There are more than 3, 000 kinds of cicadas, which fall into two types: annual cicadas, which emerge (出現(xiàn)) every year, and periodical (周期) cicadas, which spend most of their lives underground and only emerge once every few years. The 17-year cicada is one of the periodical cicadas with the longest known insect life cycle. Every 17 years, like clockwork, they appear. Shortly after hatching (孵化) from its egg, a 17-year-old cicada nymph (若蟲) digs down into the ground, where it spends—as its name suggests—the first 17 years of its life. When it comes out from the ground, it lives only four to six more weeks—just long enough to lay eggs, and the cycle starts all over again.
Periodical cicadas don’t spend their years sleeping underground. Instead, they are active in their wingless nymph forms, digging tunnels (隧道).
Though not proven, many scientists believe that periodical cicadas have a molecular clock (分子鐘) inside their bodies that notes the passing of years through environmental signs. As trees go through their seasonal cycles, the sap (汁) of their roots (根) changes. And when cicada nymphs feed on this sap, they are likely to pick up signs of the passing of time. The 17th trees’ seasonal cycle gives the nymphs their final sign: it’s time to emerge.
When the cicada nymphs come out from their underground homes depends on temperature. After their 17 years are up, the cicadas wait for the perfect temperature before making the Journey to the surface—when the soil about 8 inches (20 cm) underground reaches 64°F, or 18°C． This means that cicadas will appear at different times in different parts of the world: the soil in one place may reach the ideal temperature before the soil in another. But once that temperature is reached, all the cicadas in the area will feel it and make the journey to the surface together.
When they emerge, the cicadas aren’t yet in their adult form. They’re still nymphs, and they remain so until they molt (蛻皮) for the final time. Once their fresh exoskeletons (外骨骼) have hardened, they take to the trees with their new-found wings, and the males begin their loud mating calls in order to attract females. Then females lay eggs in dry branches. After that, both males and females die.
And now we’re back where we started . Newborn cicada nymphs fall or move down from the trees and go into the ground, not to be seen for another 17 years.
18．Which one is TRUE about periodical cicadas
A．All of them make loud noises. B．They emerge every year.
C．They hatch underground. D．They have different life-cycle lengths.
19．What may the 17-year cicadas do underground during the first 17 years of their lives
A．Laying eggs. B．Sleeping all the time.
C．Hatching from eggs. D．Digging tunnels.
20．How do cicadas know when 17 years have passed according to scientists
A．By feeling the environmental changes. B．By climbing up trees.
C．By testing the temperature. D．By getting information from adult cicadas.
21．What decides a cicada’s emergence time
A．The temperature. B．The soil. C．The area where it stays. D．Its exoskeleton.
22．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons why cicadas are unbelievably noisy. B．Types of periodical cicadas.
C．The life cycle of the 17-year cicada. D．Living habits of the 17-year cicada.
（2024·浙江·中考真題）If you are looking for somewhere special to visit in London, we may have the answer for you: Sir John Soane’s Museum. The museum is one of London’s best-kept secrets, and it’s well worth a visit. Sir John, a great architect (建筑師), lived in London during the 18th century (1753—1837), and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it. In fact, visiting the house is just like stepping back in time.
There are three floors which are open to the public. You can start on the first floor. This was Sir John’s work area. You can ask the guards about the paintings on the walls as they tell you something about this family and life. And don’t worry about the guards as they are really nice and helpful. Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor. Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series (系列) of interesting paintings about 18th century life in London. Now comes the last part, the underground floor. It’s full of thousands of valuable objects, such as sculptures (雕塑) and models of famous buildings from all over the world. Walking around this part of the house is a bit like being on a treasure hunt, as you can find things hidden away in secret corners. Anyway, you’ll have to go there yourself to see.
Sir John Soane’s Museum is a very small place. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk from the British Museum. There is a free hour-long guided tour every Saturday at 2:30 pm, but the best thing is just to walk about by yourself. So now you know where to go next time you’re in London. We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!
23．Why is Sir John Soane’s Museum special according to Paragraph 1
A．It is the oldest museum in London. B．There is a time machine in it.
C．It is kept the same as Sir John left it. D．There are lots of secret boxes in it.
24．In which order does the writer advise people to visit the museum
①the underground floor ②the ground floor ③the first floor
A．①②③ B．②①③ C．①③② D．③②①
25．What can be seen on the ground floor of the museum
A．A series of interesting paintings. B．Pictures of Sir John and his family.
C．A valuable collection of sculptures. D．Models of famous buildings in the world.
26．What does the underlined word “guarantee” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．hear B．decide C．promise D．remember
（2024·海南·中考真題）
They travel more than 100 kilometers every day. They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers, all at exactly 12:30 p. m. Many of them can’t read or write. But only 1 in every around 6,000,000 lunch boxes ever goes missing in one of the biggest cities in the world. Who are they
They are dabbawallas, the lunch carriers in Mumbai, India. To people working in the centre of Mumbai, home-cooked meals are like a greeting (問候) from their family. But it’s not easy for the workers to travel a long way with lunch boxes. Thanks to dabbawallas, they can enjoy a hot, fresh and healthy meal from home far away.
Kiran, an experienced dabbawalla, tells the story. “Our method (方法) is simple but works well. In the morning we pick up lunch boxes at people’s homes by bike. Then we meet at the local railway station to divide the boxes into groups. We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses. We won’t get it wrong even in our sleep! When in Mumbai, each of us takes meals to workers in a certain area. The streets can be busy. The weather can be bad. But the lunch will always be on time. We work hard to serve people. We get their trust and respect (尊重). We take pride in our job.”
27．What do dabbawallas do every day
A．They buy food for workers. B．They cook meals for workers. C．They carry lunches to workers.
28．How far do dabbawallas travel every day
A．More than 100 kilometres. B．More than 200 kilometres. C．More than 600 kilometres.
29．What helps dabbawallas remember the customers’ names and addresses
A．The sizes of the lunch boxes.
B．The shapes of the lunch boxes.
C．The use of colours, numbers and letters.
30．How do dabbawallas feel about their job
A．Busy. B．Proud. C．Tired.
31．Where can you probably read this passage
A．In a newspaper. B．In a cooking book. C．In a health magazine.
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）Read the chart about the 4th Hunan Tourism Development Conference, 2025.
Theme: Lovely Yueyang, Happy Travel!
Mascots(吉祥物) Design Idea/ From Looks Meaning
Jiang Xiaotun A protected animal in Yangtze River（finless porpoise）(江豚) -Round blue and white body -Wave patterns (波紋) on feet -Smiling face, open arms It shows the protection of nature and river culture in Yueyang.
Yue Xiaolou Yueyang Tower -Wears a small tower on its head -Stands on lucky clouds -Smiling face, open arms It shows the long history of Yueyang Tower and best wishes for tourism.
32．Jiang Xiaotun comes from ____________.
A．a(chǎn) famous mountain B．a(chǎn) river animal C．a(chǎn) traditional dish
33．What does Yue Xiaolou wear on its head
A．A hat. B．A small tower. C．Some clouds.
34．What is the main purpose of designing these mascots
A．To sell toys to tourists.
B．To teach students art.
C．To show Hunan’s culture and nature.
（2025·重慶合川·模擬預測）Over the last few years, houseplants have become popular, especially with people living in towns and cities. The plants are often thousands of miles from their natural environment, but they can live indoors without much effort. They are also an easy way for people to bring a bit of nature into their homes.
Recently, a school in London has used many houseplants, but not to examine their leaves or learn how they produce oxygen (氧氣). Instead, they used the plants to turn a classroom into a biophilic space. From the Greek word biophilic, the word biophilic means a love of living things. Biophilic classrooms allow students to be closer to nature during the school day. The school wants to research the influence of houseplants on students’ mood (情緒) and their ability to learn.
For the research, the school chose to fill a math classroom with lots of houseplants. At the same time, they put a huge picture of a forest on one complete wall of an English classroom and made no changes to a third room, a history classroom. In the three classrooms, machines were used to record the air quality (質(zhì)量). Students wrote down how they felt while they were studying in them.
After only a month, the plants in the math classroom managed to increase oxygen levels and improve the air quality by 10%. More than 75% of the students reported feeling happier and healthier in that room. Nobody had expected such amazing results!
35．What is the writer talking about in Paragraph 1
A．How houseplants help students. B．When to plant houseplants.
C．Why houseplants become popular. D．Where to plant houseplants.
36．What is the main purpose of the biophilic classroom
A．To study how natural plants live indoors.
B．To educate students about different plants.
C．To improve the air quality in the classroom.
D．To study the influence of houseplants on students.
37．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Why the school did the research. B．How the school did the research.
C．What the result of the research was. D．What difference the research made.
38．What’s the best title for the passage
A．A new school in London B．Students’ love for houseplants
C．Houseplant—a breath of nature D．Biophilic classroom—a better place to learn
（2025·河南南陽·一模）Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer The answer is yes! There are some reasons for this.
The sun is lower in the sky in fall. As the days get shorter, the sun appears lower and lower in the sky. It doesn’t shine directly on us anymore. Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer.
In fall, there is less water in the air, so there are fewer clouds. Fall is known for good weather—cooler temperatures and less wet air. The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter.
You might be surprised, but the colorful leaves of fall actually help give the sky’s blueness a color boost (增強), which can make the sky seem even bluer. If you’ve made a color wheel for an art class, you know that blue and orange are opposite colors that look good together. The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them. This contrast looks nice and creates a special autumn view.
So, the next time you’re out enjoying the beautiful weather in autumn, take a moment to look up at the sky, remember these reasons why it looks so blue and enjoy the view!
39．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1
A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey.
40．Why does the sky look bluer in fall according to Paragraph 2
A．Because the sun is shining directly on us. B．Because the sun is closer to the earth.
C．Because the sun is smaller in the sky. D．Because the sun is covered by the clouds.
41．Which one shows the relationship between the water in the air (x) and the blue color of the sky (y)
A． B． C． D．
42．What colors make the sky bluer in fall
A．Green black and gold. B．Green, orange and white. C．Red, white and black. D．Red, orange and gold.
43．What is the structure of the text
A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②③/④/⑤
（2025·湖北武漢·模擬預測）Food is key to our daily life. In space, where astronauts face microgravity (微重力) environments and physical changes, the need for safe, nutritious (有營養(yǎng)的) and high-energy food is especially important to overall health.
Space food must provide enough energy for astronauts to complete their tasks, according to NASA (美國宇航局). Proper nutrition can help fight against problems like bone and muscle degradation (骨骼和肌肉退化): To deal with these, space food often contains vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C． And iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 are also added to ensure astronauts’ health.
NASA can’t simply consider physical health when designing space food, though. The nutritional value of a meal only goes so far if it doesn’t raise astronauts’ interest. Rather, Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her workmates aim to offer astronauts several meal choices to provide psychological (心理的) health benefits.
After years of nutritional studies and progress in food technology, NASA has moved focus away from dietary formulas (配方) toward providing as many nutrients from fruit and vegetables as possible. However, it can be difficult to depend heavily on fruit and vegetables as main space food because they don’t include many calories. This causes a problem for spaceflight without much storage room.
So it will be key to create a sustainable food source (可持續(xù)的食物來源). To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grown different kinds of leafy greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System, known as Veggie. Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the green planet they call home.
44．Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.
A．the effects of microgravity on astronauts
B．the importance of proper nutrition for astronauts’ health
C．the challenges of designing space food
D．NASA’s efforts to create high-energy space food
45．How do Grace’s team improve astronauts’ dining experience
A．They make food look more delicious. B．They organize taste tests on astronauts.
C．They change the order of the menu. D．They provide more food choices.
46．The underlined word “This” in Para.4 refers to “________”.
A．A dietary formula
B．Creating a sustainable food source
C．Using fruit and vegetables as main space food
D．Providing many nutrients and calories
47．What can astronauts expect from Veggie
A．The higher nutritional value of a meal.
B．Psychological comfort.
C．An improvement in communication with Earth.
D．Treatment methods that prevent the degeneration of bones and muscles.
48．What would the author write about after the last paragraph
A．Why scientists build the best diet for astronauts.
B．How long a space travel usually lasts.
C．How astronauts grow crops in microgravity.
D．What makes space food so special.
（2025·河南駐馬店·模擬預測）Selection bias is a type of bias that results from improper selection of a group that does not closely represent the greater population to which the study aims to be applicable. It can also result from inadequate randomization into separate study groups. These errors ultimately lead to inaccurate results that do not accurately represent the population that they are intended to be applicable to.
Selection bias can arise from improper evaluation of a population and the factors that might play into the studied measures. For a study to avoid having a significant degree of selection bias, it must account for and control factors that could potentially impinge on the results and lead to incorrect conclusions. For example, in a study evaluating the incidence of coronary artery disease in alcoholics versus nonalcoholies, other significant causes of coronary artery disease must be controlled in the selection of participants and in their randomization into groups.
If one were to select and randomize participants without evaluating tobacco use, for example, one might be missing a significant confounding factor that would lead to a possibly significant conclusion being drawn between alcohol use and coronary artery disease when in fact there is none. A confounding factor is any factor that remains unmeasured and unaccounted in a study that affects outcomes in a significant way. Most, if not all, studies have some sort of confounding factor, but it is important to uncover and include the most significant to increase the validity of data.
Selection bias can therefore be present in many aspects of study design, from selecting participants to randomizing groups. Two important forms of selection bias include volunteer bias and nonresponse bias. Volunteer bias is a bias present in studies that rely on volunteer participation; it arises from differences between people willing to volunteer in a study and those unwiling. Nonresponse bias is a type of bias in which a survey or form is sent out to a population, and that population is not appropriately represented by the group who respondea.
One can avoid selection bias by ensuring proper randomization in the creation of study groups, thoroughly considering and excluding any potential underlying confounders that might go unnoticed and affect data. One can also ensure that the surveyed or measured group is representative of the population that the study is aimed to impact.
49．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By giving examples. B．By offering a definition.
C．By making comparisons. D．By describing a situation.
50．What does the underlined phrase“ impinge on” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Hide. B．Strengthen. C．Uncover. D．Influence.
51．What can we know about nonresponse bias
A．It occurs more often than volunteer bias.
B．It focuses on unmeasured factors.
C．It arises from choosing inappropriate participants.
D．It’s related to the willingness of the participants.
52．What does the author advise researchers to do in the last paragraph
A．Analyse more data. B．Involve a larger population.
C．Record unnoticed information. D．Randomize participants properly.
（2025·安徽蕪湖·模擬預測）Camarria Williams, 13, is a middle school girl from the William H. Brown STEM Magne School in Chicago, US. She found something great by picking up poop (糞便) in 2024.
It started with an activity held by the University of Illinois. The activity encourages middle school students to look for antibiotics (抗生素) in nature. They need to collect things from nature and bring them to a science lab. Scientists then see if there are antibiotics in them that can deal with diseases.
In the area, the students collected almost everything from water, insects and flowers. But Williams brought some poop she found near a pool. “My mom feeds the animals and I know birds eat everything and anything. I knew there must be some bacteria (細菌) in it,” Williams told The Washington Post.
Amazingly, scientists found that the poop had a bacterium with antibiotic activity, and it also produced a new natural product called orfamide N. The new product is especially helpful for fighting cancer.
These findings were so important that the American Chemical Society’s Omega Journal published them in October 2024. Hearing the news, Williams felt happy, “My mom, aunt and grandma have all had cancer, so it gives me a sense of pride that something I found could help.”
53．What was the purpose of the activity held by the University of Illinois
A．To let students get close to nature. B．To help students deal with diseases.
C．To inspire students to find antibiotics. D．To invite students to join the science lab.
54．Where was the poop William collected from
A．Birds. B．Insects. C．Flowers. D．Water.
55．What can we know about orfamide N
A．It is found independently by Williams. B．It fights the antibiotics in bacteria.
C．It is a natural product in the human body. D．It is especially useful in treating cancer.
56．What can we infer from Williams’s words in the last paragraph
A．She felt proud of her discovery. B．All her family members had cancer.
C．Her family were treated successfully. D．Her findings helped her join the lab.
（2025·江蘇鹽城·一模）Li Yuexian, a college student, is having an interview with Shen Yizheng, who has been a planning editor (策劃編輯) at a book publishing company in Beijing for years.
Li: What do you do as a planning editor
Shen: I have to take care of every step in the publishing process. I need to know about the book market and find authors around the world. Then, I will reach out to the authors. We discuss what to write and who the target audience (目標讀者) is to make sure that the book can sell well.
As the first draft (初稿) is prepared, my team and I will check it many times to make sure there are no mistakes. Then it’s time for me to work with the designers and my bosses to decide the cover, price and name of the book. That can take a while because everyone has different ideas!
After that, I will spend my time on printing. What kind of paper should be used Have the colors been printed out correctly I sometimes have to go to the printing factories to check these things.
Li: What do you think is the most important part of your job
Shen: I carry the hopes of a lot of people, like the author, the readers and my boss. I always have to keep calm and be strict. To improve my understanding of the text and the market, I need to read books and news all the time.
“What book can become the bestseller” seems like a question of luck all the time. Even the most experienced editor can get it wrong. Always be true to good content (內(nèi)容) —that’s the only way you can make a good book.
Li: What have you achieved from your job
Shen: When I worked on a book about animal adoption, we made donations to an animal organization with the book’s profit (利潤). The social value of my books is what keeps me motivated (有動力的).
57．What does Shen do first as a planning editor
A．Check the draft. B．Find book market information.
C．Design the cover. D．Go to printing factories.
58．Why does deciding the book’s cover take time
A．Because there are lots of mistakes.
B．Because the colors are difficult to print.
C．Because it’s hard to reach an agreement.
D．Because the boss can’t work with the designers.
59．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The book content. B．The bestseller question.
C．The book price. D．The author’s hope.
60．What can we know about Shen from the passage
A．She cares about helping society. B．She’s strict with the readers.
C．She cares little about books’ profits. D．She’s strict in her daily life.
（2025·山東濰坊·一模）Chinese calligraphy (書法) has been treasured as highest form of art in China for over 3,000 years. It’s not just beautiful writing—it carries the spirit and emotions (情感) of the writer. There are five main styles: seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script. Among these, regular script (楷書) and running script are most widely used today.
Regular script, developed during Han Dynasty, is known for its clear structure and balanced lines. It’s often recommended for beginners because it teaches basic brush control. Running script, created later, allows more freedom—characters flow like dancing ink, showing the writer’s personality.
Wang Xizhi, from Jin Dynasty, is called the “Sage of Calligraphy”. His work Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion is considered the best example of running script. A famous saying describes good calligraphy, “Like a soaring goose or swimming dragon” (鴻飛獸駭，鸞舞蛇驚), meaning the characters should be full of life and movement.
True calligraphy masters follow three key principles (原則): proper brush technique, correct ink density, and harmonious composition. More importantly, they believe “The heart leads the brush”—your inner feelings should guide your writing.
61．Which two calligraphy styles are most commonly used today
A．Seal script and clerical script. B．Regular script and running script.
C．Cursive script and seal script. D．Clerical script and regular script.
62．What does the underlined saying describe
A．The speed of writing. B．The living spirit in characters.
C．The tools used in calligraphy. D．The history of Chinese writing.
63．Which of the following shows the “heart leads the brush” principle
A．Using expensive brushes and paper.
B．Copying ancient masters’ works exactly.
C．Expressing personal emotions through strokes.
D．Practicing basic characters repeatedly.
64．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To compare different art forms. B．To introduce calligraphy’s key features.
C．To tell stories of famous calligraphers. D．To explain how to choose calligraphy tools.
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《專題03 閱讀理解（說明文）15篇（中考真題 中考模擬）-沖刺2025年中考英語演練（全國通用）》參考答案
題號 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 D A C C B A C A B D
題號 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B C C B A B D D D A
題號 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A C C D A C C A C B
題號 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A B B C C D B D A B
題號 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 B D A B D C B C B D
題號 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 C D C A D A B C B A
題號 61 62 63 64
答案 B B C B
1．D 2．A 3．C
【導語】本文主要介紹了三種常見的方法可以檢測食物過敏，雖然過敏測試可能會顯示假陽性結(jié)果，但它們?nèi)匀挥杏茫梢酝炀壬?br/>1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child's skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts”可知在皮膚測試中，醫(yī)生將過敏原放在孩子的皮膚下，然后等待孩子的皮膚是否有反應，故此處劃線部分指代“引起過敏反應的東西”。故選D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“although they tested positive (陽性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy.”可知檢測呈陽性的患者可能存在食物不耐受。故選A。
3．最佳標題題。本文主要介紹了三種常見的方法可以檢測食物過敏，雖然過敏測試可能會顯示假陽性結(jié)果，但它們?nèi)匀挥杏茫梢酝炀壬赃x項C“食物過敏測試——我們能相信它們嗎”為標題最合適。故選C。
4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國古典園林的特點和構(gòu)成元素，包括水、石、植物、門窗和亭子等。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Classical Chinese gardens are purposely designed…The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.”可知，無論人們站在哪里，都無法一下子看到整個園林，這使得中國的古典園林，尤其是蘇州的古典園林，多年來一直是受歡迎的景點。故劃線部分those指代上文中提到的“classical gardens”。故選C。
5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了中國古典園林的特點和構(gòu)成元素。故選B。
6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.”可知，人們可以從窗口瞥見另一邊有趣的樹木或巖石。劃線部分glimpse意為“瞥見”，與Look意思相近。故選A。
7．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了中國古典園林的特點和構(gòu)成元素，以及人們在其中的體驗，故“迷失在中國古典園林中”適合作為文章標題。故選C。
8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C
【導語】本文主要講述了在成長過程中，犯錯是不可避免的，重要的是要從錯誤中學習，選擇下一步應該做什么，而不是責備自己或感到失望沮喪。
8．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Getting too hung up on whether things go as planned can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to worry. ”可知，太在意事情是否按計劃進行會給你帶來很大的壓力，導致焦慮，所以劃線單詞表示“執(zhí)迷”，故選A。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“She says getting things wrong is part of growing up”可知，成長過程中的失敗是正常的，故選B。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“then these feelings will soon pass and then you’ll feel happier.”可知，此處應該和feeling有關，且是負面情緒，因為負面情緒過了之后，你才能感覺到開心些，D選項“你剛開始可能會覺得不舒服”符合，故選D。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In one study”可知，最后一段舉了一個例子，故選B。
12．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了在成長過程中，犯錯是不可避免的，重要的是要從錯誤中學習，選擇下一步應該做什么，而不是責備自己或感到失望沮喪，所以C選項“不完美可以是一種禮物”符合本文標題，故選C。
13．C 14．B 15．A 16．B 17．D
【導語】本文主要介紹了高蹺文化。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In April, the students performed stilts during the sports meeting in Lusha’er town”可知，學生們在運動會上表演了高蹺。故選C。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lusha’er Stilts culture was born in Ming Dynasty”可知，魯爾沙爾高蹺文化起源于明代。明代距今約600年，故選B。
15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It is famous for the height...especially its height”可知，魯爾沙爾高蹺特別以其高度而聞名，故選A。
16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Hope they will understand it deeply and pass it from one generation (代) to another”可以推斷青少年應該在傳承傳統(tǒng)文化中發(fā)揮作用，故選B。
17．主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了高蹺文化，D選項是兩個人在踩高蹺，故選D。
18．D 19．D 20．A 21．A 22．C
【導語】本文主要介紹了17年出現(xiàn)一次的周期蟬的生命歷程。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The 17-year cicada is one of the periodical cicadas with the longest known insect life cycle.”可知，周期性蟬有不同的生命周期長度。故選D。
19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Periodical cicadas don’t spend their years sleeping underground. Instead, they are active in their wingless nymph forms, digging tunnels.”可知，17年的蟬在它們生命的前17年里會在地下挖隧道。故選D。
20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Though not proven, many scientists believe that periodical cicadas have a molecular clock (分子鐘) inside their bodies that notes the passing of years through environmental signs.”可知，根據(jù)科學家的說法，蟬通過感受環(huán)境的變化知道17年過去了。故選A。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“But once that temperature is reached, all the cicadas in the area will feel it and make the journey to the surface together.”可知，溫度決定了蟬的出現(xiàn)時間。故選A。
22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，主要介紹了17年出現(xiàn)一次的周期蟬的生命歷程。故選C
23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C
【導語】本文主要介紹了約翰·索恩爵士博物館。
23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it”可知令人驚奇的是，他的房子和他離開時一模一樣。故選C。
24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“You can start on the first floor...Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor...Now comes the last part, the underground floor.”可知先參觀二樓，然后下樓到一樓，最后到地下樓層。故選D。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series (系列) of interesting paintings about 18th century life in London”可知在這里你可以看到他豐富的繪畫收藏，例如，有一系列關于18世紀倫敦生活的有趣畫作。故選A。
26．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!”可知是保證這是一次你不會忘記的經(jīng)歷，故此處劃線部分和promise意義相近。故選C。
27．C 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了印度孟買的達巴瓦拉，他們每天為工人送午餐，行程超100公里，采用顏色、數(shù)字和字母的方法來記住顧客信息，以確保午餐能準時送達，他們對自己的工作感到自豪。
27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers”可知，達巴瓦拉每天為工人送午餐，故選C。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They travel more than 100 kilometers every day.”可知，達巴瓦拉每天行程超過100公里，故選A。
29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses.”可知，顏色、數(shù)字和字母幫助達巴瓦拉記住顧客的名字和地址，故選C。
30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“We take pride in our job.”可知，達巴瓦拉對自己的工作感到自豪，故選B。
31．推理判斷題。文章介紹了達巴瓦拉的工作情況，可能會在報紙上讀到，故選A。
32．B 33．B 34．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過表格和文字的形式，詳細介紹了2025年第四屆湖南旅游發(fā)展大會的吉祥物及其設計理念、外觀和象征意義。
32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Jiang Xiaotun | Design Idea/From | A protected animal in Yangtze River (finless porpoise)”可知，“江小豚”的設計靈感來源于長江里的一種保護動物 (江豚)，也就是一種水生動物。故選B。
33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Yue Xiaolou | Looks | Wears a small tower on its head” 可知，“岳小樓”頭上戴著一座小塔。故選B。
34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Jiang Xiaotun | Meaning | It shows the protection of nature and river culture in Yueyang.”以及“Yue Xiaolou | Meaning | It shows the long history of Yueyang Tower and best wishes for tourism.”可知，設計這兩個吉祥物的主要目的是展示岳陽的自然保護、河流文化、岳陽樓的悠久歷史等湖南的文化和自然相關內(nèi)容。故選C。
35．C 36．D 37．B 38．D
【導語】本文介紹了倫敦一所學校通過將教室改造成生物親和空間，研究植物對學生情緒和學習能力的影響。
35．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Over the last few years, houseplants have become popular, especially with people living in towns and cities. … They are also an easy way for people to bring a bit of nature into their homes.”可知，本文段主要介紹了室內(nèi)植物近年流行，尤其受城市居民歡迎，并解釋了其原因。故選C。
36．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The school wants to research the influence of houseplants on students’ mood (情緒) and their ability to learn.”可知，學校創(chuàng)建生物親和教室的目的是研究植物對學生情緒和學習能力的影響。故選D。
37．段落大意題。根據(jù)“For the research, the school chose to fill a math classroom with lots of houseplants. At the same time, they put a huge picture of a forest on one complete wall of an English classroom and made no changes to a third room, a history classroom. In the three classrooms, machines were used to record the air quality (質(zhì)量). Students wrote down how they felt while they were studying in them.”可知，第三段詳細描述了在不同教室的用不同的布置，并記錄學生他們在學習時的感受，這屬于如何進行研究。故選B。
38．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了生物親和教室對學生學習環(huán)境的改善和實驗結(jié)果，因此選項D“生物親和教室——更好的學習場所”最符合文章主題。故選D。
39．A 40．B 41．B 42．D 43．A
【導語】本文探討了秋天天空為何比夏天更藍的原因，并鼓勵讀者在秋天欣賞美麗天空的同時，記住這些使天空更加蔚藍的原因。
39．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer ”可知，作者是通過提出一個問題來引入話題的。故選A。
40．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer.”可知，秋天的天空看起來更藍是因為太陽離地球更近。故選B。
41．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter.”可知，空氣中沒有多少水分，所以云不容易形成，當天空很少或沒有云覆蓋時，天空的藍色更明顯，天空看起來更開闊，更明亮。由此可知，空氣中的水分越少，天空的藍色越明顯，即空氣中的水分越多，天空的藍色越不明顯。故選B。
42．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them.”可知，紅色、橙色和金色使秋天的天空更藍。故選D。
43．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段提出了問題并給出了直接的答案；第二、三、四段分別解釋了三個原因；第五段鼓勵讀者在秋天欣賞美麗的天空，并記住這些原因。故選A。
44．B 45．D 46．C 47．B 48．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空食物對于宇航員的重要性，包括其營養(yǎng)需求、設計時需要考慮的因素，以及目前在太空種植作物以提供可持續(xù)食物來源的研究情況。
44．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Space food must provide enough energy for astronauts to complete their tasks,”和“Proper nutrition can help fight against problems like bone and muscle degradation”可知，太空食物要為宇航員提供足夠能量，合理的營養(yǎng)能幫助宇航員對抗一些健康問題；因此，整段圍繞著合理營養(yǎng)對宇航員健康的重要性展開。故選B。
45．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her workmates aim to offer astronauts several meal choices to provide psychological health benefits.”可知，Grace的團隊通過提供更多食物選擇來改善宇航員的用餐體驗，從而對他們的心理健康有益。故選D。
46．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“it can be difficult to depend heavily on fruit and vegetables as main space food because they don’t include many calories.”可知，把水果和蔬菜作為主要太空食物存在困難，因為它們熱量不足，這導致了太空飛行中存儲空間有限的問題；因此，劃線單詞“This”指代的是“Using fruit and vegetables as main space food”。故選C。
47．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the green planet they call home.”可知，在蔬菜培育系統(tǒng) (Veggie) 中種植的新鮮綠葉蔬菜能讓宇航員感覺與地球有聯(lián)系，給他們帶來心理上的安慰。故選B。
48．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grown different kinds of leafy greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System,”可知，美國宇航局的科學家們正在研究在微重力下種植作物的最佳方法，而在國際空間站上，宇航員已經(jīng)成功地在蔬菜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中種植了不同種類的綠葉蔬菜和花朵；那么，接下來很可能會具體介紹宇航員在微重力環(huán)境下是如何種植作物的。故選C。
49．B 50．D 51．C 52．D
【導語】本文主要討論了選擇偏差的概念、成因、類型及避免方法。
49．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Selection bias is a type of bias that results from improper selection of a group that does not closely represent the greater population to which the study aims to be applicable”可知，作者通過直接定義選擇性偏差的概念引出主題，故選B。
50．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Selection bias can arise from improper evaluation of a population and the factors that might play into the studied measures. For a study to avoid having a significant degree of selection bias, it must account for and control factors that could potentially impinge on the results and lead to incorrect conclusions.”可知，選擇偏差可能源于對人群的不當評估以及可能影響所研究措施的因素。一項研究要避免出現(xiàn)顯著的選擇偏差，就必須考慮和控制可能影響結(jié)果并導致錯誤結(jié)論的因素。impinge on意為“影響”。故選D。
51．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Nonresponse bias is a type of bias in which a survey or form is sent out to a population, and that population is not appropriately represented by the group who respondea.”可知，無回應偏見源于選擇了不合適的參與者。故選C。
52．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“One can avoid selection bias by ensuring proper randomization in the creation of study groups, thoroughly considering and excluding any potential underlying confounders that might go unnoticed and affect data. One can also ensure that the surveyed or measured group is representative of the population that the study is aimed to impact.”可知，通過確保在創(chuàng)建研究組時進行適當?shù)碾S機化，徹底考慮并排除任何可能被忽視并影響數(shù)據(jù)的潛在混雜因素，可以避免選擇偏差。人們還可以確保被調(diào)查或被測量的群體代表了該研究旨在影響的人群。故選D。
53．C 54．A 55．D 56．A
【導語】本文主要講述了Camarria Williams在大學組織的活動中，從糞便中發(fā)現(xiàn)了對抗癌癥的新物質(zhì)。
53．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It started with an activity held by the University of Illinois. The activity encourages middle school students to look for antibiotics in nature.”可知，這項活動的目的是尋找抗生素。故選C。
54．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“But Williams brought some poop she found near a pool.”和“My mom feeds the animals and I know birds eat everything and anything.”可知，威廉姆斯收集的糞便來自鳥。故選A。
55．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The new product is especially helpful for fighting cancer.”可知，orfamide N在對抗癌癥方面特別有用。故選D。
56．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“My mom, aunt and grandma have all had cancer, so it gives me a sense of pride that something I found could help.”可知，威廉姆斯的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓她感到自豪。故選A。
57．B 58．C 59．B 60．A
【導語】本文主要講述了策劃編輯的工作流程、核心職責以及對社會價值的追求。
57．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I need to know about the book market and find authors around the world.”可知，第一步是了解市場并尋找作者，故選B。
58．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“everyone has different ideas”可知，封面耗時是因為意見不統(tǒng)一，故選C。
59．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“‘What book can become the bestseller’ seems like a question of luck all the time.”可知，it指代前句“判斷什么書能暢銷”的問題，故選B。
60．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“When I worked on a book about animal adoption, we made donations to an animal organization with the book’s profit”可知，通過書籍利潤捐贈體現(xiàn)社會關懷，故選A。
61．B 62．B 63．C 64．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了中國書法的特點，歷史，代表人物和著名的作品。
61．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Among these, regular script (楷書) and running script are most widely used today.”可知，目前使用最廣泛的是楷書和行書。故選B。
62．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“meaning the characters should be full of life and movement.”可知，劃線的句子描述了文字中的生命精神。故選B。
63．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“More importantly, they believe ‘The heart leads the brush’—your inner feelings should guide your writing.”可知，選項C“通過筆畫表達個人情感”體現(xiàn)了“以心運筆”的原則。故選C。
64．主旨大意題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了中國書法的特點，歷史，代表人物和著名的作品。故選B。
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