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閱讀理解之說明文15篇
(湖南中考真題+中考模擬)
湖南中考真題練
（2024·湖南·中考真題）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open Bottlenose dolphins (寬吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping.
Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳動物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there.
Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (鏡子) and check different parts of their body in it.
1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open
A．To stay safe.
B．To sleep for two hours.
C．To swim faster.
2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2
A．They use gills to get air.
B．They are warm-blooded.
C．They lay eggs like fish.
3．How do dolphins talk to each other
A．By learning fishing skills.
B．By using different sounds.
C．By checking their bodies.
4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from
A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature.
（2024·湖南·中考真題）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise.
Do you know how we hear There are cells (細胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves.
Loud noises can damage (損傷) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (長笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears.
How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume.
1．What can we know about hair cells
A．They help us hear.
B．They look like hairs lying down.
C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes.
2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3
A．A musical voice.
B．A kind of instrument.
C．Ringing in ears.
3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give advice.
B．To show problems.
C．To explain reasons.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone.
B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low.
C．After using a headphone, check your ears.
湖南中考模擬真題練
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）“Ne Zha 2” is an exciting animated (動畫的) movie that continues the story of the brave young hero, Ne Zha. In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon (惡魔) . However, NeZha didn’t give up. He fought against evil (邪惡) and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination (決心).
In “NeZha 2”, NeZha faces new challenges and meets new friends. Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations (動畫) with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.
One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices. He also discovers that true strength comes from the heart. The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up. It is a great movie for both children and adults, and it reminds us that we can all overcome our challenges and become the best version of ourselves.
1．What was the problem with Ne Zha in the first movie
A．He didn’t have any powers.
B．He didn’t want to be a hero.
C．People were afraid of him because they though the was a demon.
2．What does the underlined word “thrilling” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Boring. B．Exciting. C．Terrible.
3．Who is the movie suitable (適合的) for
A．Only children. B．Only adults. C．Children and adults.
4．What does the movie “Ne Zha 2” mainly teach us
A．We should always avoid challenges.
B．It’s OK to give up when things get difficult.
C．It teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of never giving up.
（2025·湖南·模擬預測）Paper Cheques (支票) vs. Electronic Payments
In our modern world, where everything is digital (數字化), you might think that paper cheques are no longer used in business. However, they’re still around! In the US, a lot of businesses still use them. About one-third of all business payments are made with paper cheques, and 81% of companies still use them for some bills.
It’s a fact that electronic payments are quicker to make, easier to manage and record. They save more paper and are better for the environment. They are also much safer. Most importantly, they can be made and dealt with anywhere. Many companies prefer them and some even require customers to use them. For example, Microsoft won’t accept paper cheques from its partners anymore.
But to be honest, I will miss paper cheques. I like the habit of writing cheques every two weeks. The best part is signing them. That shows my power (權力). Some customers like signing cheques because it makes them feel powerful. Paper cheques are not just payment methods but also a way for companies to show their logos (標志). And they can make them look strong and have some belief.
Clearly, electronic payments are getting more popular, but paper cheques aren’t as common as before. Most people using paper ones are over 50. Younger people hardly use them. However, many US businesses still use paper cheques now. Maybe we should enjoy using paper ones while we can, because electronic ones are becoming the main choice.
1．What percentage (百分比) of companies in the US still use paper cheques
A．33%. B．81%. C．91%.
2．What’s the advantage of electronic payments
A．Helping people save money.
B．Cutting down on the workforce.
C．Being better for the environment.
3．What is probably the writer
A．A business owner. B．A computer engineer. C．A factory worker.
4．What do we know about paper cheques from the last paragraph
A．They are still widely used as before.
B．They will completely disappear in the future.
C．They aren’t the main means of payment any more.
（2025·湖南婁底·二模）Man and nature have always had a deep, close relationship. On the one hand, since the beginning of time, humans have depended on nature for their survival (生存). On the other hand, humans can also make a big influence on the natural world.
Over a long period, the relationship between man and nature has been tense (令人緊張的). Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation (濫伐森林) are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity. Nature is crying out loud.
More and more cities and people have heard the cries and taken actions. Yancheng, a city in Jiangsu, built a large nature reserve (保護區) and provided the red-crowned cranes (丹頂鶴) with a good home. Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.
When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.
Now, you see why it is important for us to live in harmony (和諧) with nature.More importantly, we need to keep in mind that humans are not above nature; we are part of it.
1．Why has the relationship between man and nature been tense
A．Humans have heard the cries of nature.
B．Humans have done great harm to the environment.
C．Humans have depended on nature for their survival.
2．Wang Jiangang’s team plant trees in the Gobi Desert to ________.
A．create a forest in the desert
B．build a large nature reserve there
C．provide a home for the red-crown cranes
3．The underlined word “rewards” in Paragraph 4 means ________ in Chinese.
A．獎賞 B．酬謝 C．回報
4．Where does the text probably come from
A．A travel magazine. B．A nature magazine. C．A sports magazine.
（2025·湖南永州·一模）Nowadays in many Chinese cities, schools have made class breaks longer. They used to be 10 minutes, but now they are 15 minutes. This change is to help students and teachers go outside and play more.
Before, the short breaks didn’t give students much time to play outside, especially if they were in big buildings with many floors. Sometimes, schools didn’t let students leave their rooms during breaks because they were worried about safety.
Now, with longer class breaks, schools want to make sure students can play and exercise for at least 30 minutes every day. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have started doing this. In Beijing, they made the breaks longer by taking time from the longer breaks in the middle of the day. This didn’t change when students start and finish school.
In Wu xi, a city in Jiangsu Province, schools have 15-minute breaks and make sure students have one gym class each day. In order to help students play outside and talk with their friends, schools ask students to exercise for at least 100 minutes every day. The people in charge of schools there said they want to give the break time back to the students.
In Qingdao, a school started playing different games outside, like jump rope and hula hoop (呼啦圈), and also had puzzles to play inside during the longer breaks. They organize the students by the floor they are on so everyone can play outside. A check in May showed that more students in Qingdao are getting good scores on their health tests.
1．In which places have students started having class breaks for at least 30 minutes at school
A．Beijing and Qingdao. B．Tianjin and Wu xi. C．Wu xi and Qingdao.
2．How long are the class breaks in the schools in Wu xi, Jiangsu Province
A．10 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．30 minutes.
3．Which is not the reason about schools these days have made class breaks longer in China
A．To make students go outside and play more.
B．To make students become healthier.
C．To make students study harder.
4．What is the article mainly about
A．The short class breaks make students feel tired.
B．Chinese schools make class breaks longer.
C．Chinese students have more after-school activities.
（2025·湖南永州·一模）。
Everyone loves receiving gifts, and across cultures, presents are a way to show care and love. However, traditions are not the same in every country.
As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting differences. For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital.
When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift. Still, it’s best to check if your hosts drink alcohol (酒).
Many Europeans will usually open their presents right away, except in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (標簽).
What if you don’t like your gift In Spain, you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person’s feelings. But if they remember to leave the receipt inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.
Re-gifting (禮物轉送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new. Jennifer Molski from Chicago, America has turned re-gifting into a nice project, collecting gifts people didn’t want for those in need, CBS News reported.
How the present looks is also important. However, by using wrapping paper (包裝紙) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers or maps to help the environment.
Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size or the cost of the gift.
1．Which of the following is not true about Europeans’ gift rules
A．Fruit and milk might be a better choice when Europeans are visiting someone in the hospital.
B．A bottle of fine wine is also a good gift When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe.
C．Many Europeans such as Germans will usually open their presents right away.
2．What does the underlined word “receipt” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 5
A．收據 B．錢包 C．購物卡
3．What is the main purpose of the writer in Paragraph 7
A．Re-gifting is another good idea.
B．Wrapping paper for every present we buy tries to help the environment.
C．The present looks beautiful is very important.
4．What’s the best title for this article
A．Everyone Loves Receiving Gifts
B．Europeans Have Many Rules about Gifts
C．Different Places Might Have Different Rules about Gifts
（2025·湖南湘潭·一模）Are you busy with housework, such as cleaning tables or doing dishes Do your grandparents have trouble carrying heavy things Have you noticed the rubbish covering the lake surface Now robots are coming to change. The robot Mobile Aloha invented by scientists at Stanford University in the US became popular online. Aloha can prepare dishes on its own, from cutting vegetables to cooking food. It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes. It even knows to put away the clothes and quilts. However, it can’t work well without a human “teaching” it. When the situation changes, it may break dishes, fall over things and even burn a pot.
The stair-climbing robot, made by a 16-year-old student Zhou Yihan helps the elderly when shopping. “I found many elderly prefer shopping in the supermarkets, but carrying heavy things like rice and oil can be difficult for them.” Zhou said. He spent half a year making his robot, carefully programming its every function. Zhou’s creation has unique changeable wheels. When traveling on flat ground, the robot uses circular wheels and achieves turning by changing its speed. However, when climbing stairs or traveling through hard areas, the robot changes to triangular wheels.
The Vision-based Water Surface Cleaning Robot helps to clean up the pond filled with smelly rubbish. The robot moves like a boat and can be controlled far away from the bank. To collect garbage, the robot has two plates as “hands”. Then the rubbish is sent to a basket after pared to other water surface cleaning robots, it is small, light and eco-friendly. “It has a solar panel (太陽能板) set on top.”
Bionic (仿生的) human-like robots has attracted great attention recently. The US company Apptronik created a human-like robot Apollo. The robot can make movements like walking, waving and dancing. The robot’s head has cameras and sensors inside. They can help it map out a 360-degree view of its environment. They also help the robot keep balance when walking.
1．According to the passage, _________ can help sweep the floor and water plants.
A．Mobile Aloha B．Apollo C．the stair-climbing robot
2．How long did Zhou Yihan spend creating the stair-climbing robot
A．Two months. B．Six months. C．Twelve months.
3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The camera. B．The sensor. C．The robot.
4．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Technology Influencing the World.
B．New Robots Changing Our Life.
C．Robots for the Elderly and Environment.
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）Koalas might look like cute teddy bears, but they are actually marsupials (有袋動物) like kangaroos. These gray furry animals spend 18-20 hours a day sleeping in eucalyptus trees (桉樹). Their strong claws help them hold onto branches tightly, even while sleeping.
Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. An adult koala needs about 500 grams of leaves daily. Surprisingly, these leaves are poisonous to most animals! Koalas have special stomachs to digest them safely. Baby koalas, called joeys stay in their mother’s pouch (育兒袋) for six months. After that, they ride on their mother’s back for another six months.
Koalas face many challenges. Forest fires and habitat loss make it hard for them to survive. Also, koalas seldom drink water—they get most moisture from leaves. Scientists call them “climate refugees” because they struggle to adapt to hotter weather.
1．What do koalas mainly eat
A．Bamboo leaves. B．Eucalyptus leaves. C．Fresh fruits.
2．The underlined word “moisture” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A．water B．food C．energy
3．How do baby koalas stay safe
A．By hiding in tree holes.B．By staying in mother’s pouch. C．By eating special leaves.
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To warn about forest fires.
B．To describe koalas’ unique lifestyle.
C．To encourage people to adopt koalas.
（24-25九年級下·湖南衡陽·階段練習）Many of us don’t care about the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why we should give a lot of care to our eyes. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.
There are several causes leading to poor eyesight, like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Television, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you have to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses can not only make you look cool but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外線).
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamin A, C and E are good for your eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person often exercises and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good health for a long time.
All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep eyes healthy. Being happy all the time can be beneficial to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.
1．What is the most important way to protect our eyes
A．Natural eye care. B．Taking medicine. C．Seeing the doctor.
2．What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer
A．Eat healthy food. B．Clean the eyes by using cold water. C．Have a rest after working for a while.
3．What does the underlined word “beneficial” probably mean
A．Impossible. B．Helpful. C．Lucky.
4．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Ways of Eye Care B．Ways of Eye Exercises C．Ways of Being Happy
（24-25九年級下·湖南常德·階段練習）To understand why the Earth is warming up, first of all, we need to understand why it is warm. Our planet is covered with atmosphere (大氣). Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth. The Sun heats up the Earth’s surface. When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases (氣體) in the atmosphere like CO2, the heat returns to the Earth and keeps it warm.
Power stations and cars release (釋放) so many greenhouse gases every day. So we can help stop global (全球) warming by using less electric things such as turning off lights when we leave a room, asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house to save energy. We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation. For example, ride a bicycle or walk instead of going by car. Another way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees. Because trees take in CO2, they are our best friends when fighting against global warming.
The problem of global warming cannot be solved in a day. It may take a long time to find clean energy, such as wind energy. It may take a long time to plant the trees again we are cutting down. But every little thing each person can do to save energy and our forests will help. Think about our planet. Think about ways we can help make the Earth a safe and comfortable place for the future.
1．The underlined word “it” means _________ in the first paragraph.
A．the Earth B．the heat C．the sunlight
2．_________ ways are mentioned to stop global warming to the second paragraph.
A．Two B．Three C．Four
3．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Everybody can help save energy and our forests.
B．The problem of global warming can not be solved.
C．To find clean energy will help solve the problem of global warming.
4．Which is the best title of this passage
A．Why is the Earth warming up
B．When can we stop the Earth from warming up
C．How can we stop the Earth getting warmer
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）AI Helper in Daily Study
Nowadays, many students use AI tools like DeepSeek to help with their studies. For example, it can check homework answers, explain math problems, even help write essays (短文) and so on. Lately, Lily, a ninth-grade student, used DeepSeek to review math questions. “It analyzes (分析) things clearly, like a patient teacher,” she said.
However, some students rely too much on AI. Tom, a middle-school student, once copied an essay directly from DeepSeek without thinking. The essay used complex sentences, which was very different from Tom’s usual simple writing style. When his teacher read it, she noticed some mistakes. So she became angry and said to Tom, “AI is useful, but you need to use your own brain!” Also, when solving a difficult math problem one day, DeepSeek gave two different answers. Tom felt confused until his teacher helped him explain the steps. What’s more, when students use AI to write, they often miss the chance to improve their creativity.
“Students must verify (驗證) AI answers and express their own opinions.” says Professor Li fromHunan Education Institute. “Use AI to learn, not to replace (代替) your efforts. Always double-check the answers and think independently.”
1．What can DeepSeek do according to Paragraph 1
A．Check homework answers. B．Explain math problems. C．Help with students’ studies.
2．Why did Tom’s teacher became angry
A．Tom used DeepSeek to write the essay without thinking.
B．Tom’s handwriting was too messy.
C．The essay was too short.
3．What does the word “confused” mean in Chinese
A．自信的 B．困惑的 C．激動的
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．AI tools like DeepSeek are perfect for students.
B．Students should use AI wisely and think on their own.
C．Teachers dislike AI tools in education.
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）People throw rubbish on the beach and even into the ocean. The rubbish has become the “home” of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Believe it or not, it is happening all over the world. Scientists have seen hermit crabs using bottle tops, and even broken glass bottles. Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies (殼) for protection.
Why do they choose a “rubbish shell” Hermit crabs find shells by a smell that other crabs leave when they die. Ocean plastic has a similar smell. What’s more, there is too much rubbish in the ocean. More than 8 million tons of plastic enter the oceans each year. In other words, we’re throwing a rubbish truck of plastic into the ocean every minute. Also the hermit crabs first look at the shells’ type, size, and color. Then, they give up their old shells and find bigger ones to live in.
However, “rubbish shells” can bring danger to hermit crabs. Different from natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color. It might stand out against the background (捕食者) can find hermit crabs more easily. The crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles. When they get inside of old tires (輪胎), they may find it difficult to get out.
1．According to Paragraph 1, what has become a problem
A．There are more hermit crabs than ever.
B．Scientists have a problem finding hermit crabs.
C．Hermit crabs are using rubbish as homes.
2．What are the reasons for hermit crabs choosing rubbish shells
①The smell of ocean plastic catches their attention.
②There is too much rubbish in the ocean.
③Plastic waste is often bright in color.
④Plastic rubbish is lighter than natural shells.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Why rubbish shells are not safe homes for hermit crabs.
B．Why it is difficult for hermit crabs to find natural shells.
C．Why hermit crabs like to use rubbish shells.
4．In which part of the newspaper can we read this passage
A．Health. B．Nature. C．History.
（2025·湖南婁底·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festival practiced in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy.
Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (代；輩) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and lantern festival events, together forming the happiest days for those who celebrate this event.
On the second day of the Spring Festival, people usually go to visit temples (寺廟) to pray (祈禱) for good luck and celebrate the new year. There are many activities at the temple fairs, like traditional shows, folk art, and selling local handicrafts (手工藝品) and foods.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks (標志) the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public spaces to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (謎語) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances. Many Lantern Festival events, including the famous Zigong lantern show in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, have been listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage items.
根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。
1．How long do the celebrations for the Spring Festival last (持續)
A．7 days. B．10 days. C．15 days.
2．What do people usually do on the second day of the Spring Festival
A．Have a big family feast. B．Visit temples. C．Watch the Lantern Festival show.
3．What is special about the Lantern Festival
A．It’s the first day of the Spring Festival.
B．It marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations.
C．There are no traditional performances during it.
4．When was the Spring Festival added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On December 4, 2024. B．On January 1, 2024. C．On January 1, 2025.
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy. Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings, meals, and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and temple fairs.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public places to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (謎語) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances.
The Spring Festival is not only a Chinese treasure, but also a global (全球的) symbol of love, family, and cultural heritage.
1．When was the Spring Festival added to Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On January 1st, 2024. B．On December 4th, 2024. C．On December 15th, 2024.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．A short introduction to the Spring Festival.
B．Some important traditional festivals in China.
C．The importance of family reunions during the Spring Festival.
3．What activity is mentioned during the Lantern Festival in the passage
A．Solving riddles on lanterns. B．Eating dumplings. C．Shopping.
4．What can we know from the passage
A．The Spring Festival is only celebrated in China.
B．The Lantern Festival is the beginning of the Spring Festival.
C．The customs of the Spring Festival have spread around the world.閱讀理解之說明文15篇
(湖南中考真題+中考模擬)
湖南中考真題練
（2024·湖南·中考真題）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open Bottlenose dolphins (寬吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping.
Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳動物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there.
Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (鏡子) and check different parts of their body in it.
1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open
A．To stay safe.
B．To sleep for two hours.
C．To swim faster.
2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2
A．They use gills to get air.
B．They are warm-blooded.
C．They lay eggs like fish.
3．How do dolphins talk to each other
A．By learning fishing skills.
B．By using different sounds.
C．By checking their bodies.
4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from
A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【導語】本文主要介紹了海豚的三個特點。
1．細節理解題。根據“They sleep with one eye open to stay safe.”可知，海豚睡覺時睜著一只眼睛是為了保證安全。故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據“They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs.”可知，海豚是溫血動物。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據“They use different sounds to talk to each other.”可知，海豚通過使用不同的聲音互相交談。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了海豚的三個特點，故推測這篇文章可能選自雜志的自然界版塊。故選C。
（2024·湖南·中考真題）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise.
Do you know how we hear There are cells (細胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves.
Loud noises can damage (損傷) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (長笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears.
How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume.
1．What can we know about hair cells
A．They help us hear.
B．They look like hairs lying down.
C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes.
2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3
A．A musical voice.
B．A kind of instrument.
C．Ringing in ears.
3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give advice.
B．To show problems.
C．To explain reasons.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone.
B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low.
C．After using a headphone, check your ears.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了耳機很有用，但是它也會導致聽力喪失，所以文章建議我們要合理使用耳機。
1．細節理解題。根據“There are cells (細胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. ‘We call them hair cells,’ Jackie Clark said.”可知，毛細胞幫助我們聽到聲音。故選A。
2．詞義猜測題。根據“‘It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (長笛) for a long time,’ Clark says.”可知，這就像有人在笛子上很長時間吹一個音符，即耳朵有時有耳鳴現象。故推測劃線單詞應該是“耳鳴”的意思。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據“How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，此段主要給出了使用耳機的建議。故選A。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據“How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，本文主要講了為了保護我們的耳朵，使用耳機時最好把音量調小。故選B。
湖南中考模擬真題練
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）“Ne Zha 2” is an exciting animated (動畫的) movie that continues the story of the brave young hero, Ne Zha. In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon (惡魔) . However, NeZha didn’t give up. He fought against evil (邪惡) and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination (決心).
In “NeZha 2”, NeZha faces new challenges and meets new friends. Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations (動畫) with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.
One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices. He also discovers that true strength comes from the heart. The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up. It is a great movie for both children and adults, and it reminds us that we can all overcome our challenges and become the best version of ourselves.
1．What was the problem with Ne Zha in the first movie
A．He didn’t have any powers.
B．He didn’t want to be a hero.
C．People were afraid of him because they though the was a demon.
2．What does the underlined word “thrilling” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Boring. B．Exciting. C．Terrible.
3．Who is the movie suitable (適合的) for
A．Only children. B．Only adults. C．Children and adults.
4．What does the movie “Ne Zha 2” mainly teach us
A．We should always avoid challenges.
B．It’s OK to give up when things get difficult.
C．It teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of never giving up.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C
【導語】本文介紹了動畫電影《哪吒2》的故事情節和主題。電影講述了哪吒在面對新的挑戰時，展現出勇氣和決心，最終成為英雄的故事。
1．細節理解題。根據文中“In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon (惡魔) .”可知，第一部《哪吒》中，哪吒的問題在于人們認為他是惡魔，因此害怕他。故選C。
2．詞句猜測題。根據文中“The movie has beautiful animations (動畫) with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.”可知，電影中動作場面驚險刺激，故事充滿驚喜，所以“thrilling”一詞用來形容動作場面，結合上下文可以推測其意為“激動人心的”。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據文中“It is a great movie for both children and adults”可知，這部電影適合兒童和成年人觀看。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據文中“The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up.”可知，電影主要傳遞了友誼、勇敢和永不放棄的精神。故選C。
（2025·湖南·模擬預測）Paper Cheques (支票) vs. Electronic Payments
In our modern world, where everything is digital (數字化), you might think that paper cheques are no longer used in business. However, they’re still around! In the US, a lot of businesses still use them. About one-third of all business payments are made with paper cheques, and 81% of companies still use them for some bills.
It’s a fact that electronic payments are quicker to make, easier to manage and record. They save more paper and are better for the environment. They are also much safer. Most importantly, they can be made and dealt with anywhere. Many companies prefer them and some even require customers to use them. For example, Microsoft won’t accept paper cheques from its partners anymore.
But to be honest, I will miss paper cheques. I like the habit of writing cheques every two weeks. The best part is signing them. That shows my power (權力). Some customers like signing cheques because it makes them feel powerful. Paper cheques are not just payment methods but also a way for companies to show their logos (標志). And they can make them look strong and have some belief.
Clearly, electronic payments are getting more popular, but paper cheques aren’t as common as before. Most people using paper ones are over 50. Younger people hardly use them. However, many US businesses still use paper cheques now. Maybe we should enjoy using paper ones while we can, because electronic ones are becoming the main choice.
1．What percentage (百分比) of companies in the US still use paper cheques
A．33%. B．81%. C．91%.
2．What’s the advantage of electronic payments
A．Helping people save money.
B．Cutting down on the workforce.
C．Being better for the environment.
3．What is probably the writer
A．A business owner. B．A computer engineer. C．A factory worker.
4．What do we know about paper cheques from the last paragraph
A．They are still widely used as before.
B．They will completely disappear in the future.
C．They aren’t the main means of payment any more.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紙質支票和電子支付的使用情況及各自特點。
1．細節理解題。根據第一段“About one-third of all business payments are made with paper cheques, and 81% of companies still use them for some bills.”可知，美國81%的公司仍在使用紙質支票，故選B。
2．細節理解題。根據第二段“They save more paper and are better for the environment.”可知，電子支付的優點是對環境更有益，故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據第三段“I like the habit of writing cheques every two weeks. ... because it makes them feel powerful.”以及文章整體內容關于商業支付方式，可推測作者可能是一位企業家，故選A。
4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Clearly, electronic payments are getting more popular, but paper cheques aren’t as common as before. ...because electronic ones are becoming the main choice.”可知，紙質支票不像以前那么常見了，電子支付正變得更受歡迎且成為主要選擇，所以紙質支票不再是主要的支付方式了，故選C。
（2025·湖南婁底·二模）Man and nature have always had a deep, close relationship. On the one hand, since the beginning of time, humans have depended on nature for their survival (生存). On the other hand, humans can also make a big influence on the natural world.
Over a long period, the relationship between man and nature has been tense (令人緊張的). Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation (濫伐森林) are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity. Nature is crying out loud.
More and more cities and people have heard the cries and taken actions. Yancheng, a city in Jiangsu, built a large nature reserve (保護區) and provided the red-crowned cranes (丹頂鶴) with a good home. Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.
When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.
Now, you see why it is important for us to live in harmony (和諧) with nature.More importantly, we need to keep in mind that humans are not above nature; we are part of it.
1．Why has the relationship between man and nature been tense
A．Humans have heard the cries of nature.
B．Humans have done great harm to the environment.
C．Humans have depended on nature for their survival.
2．Wang Jiangang’s team plant trees in the Gobi Desert to ________.
A．create a forest in the desert
B．build a large nature reserve there
C．provide a home for the red-crown cranes
3．The underlined word “rewards” in Paragraph 4 means ________ in Chinese.
A．獎賞 B．酬謝 C．回報
4．Where does the text probably come from
A．A travel magazine. B．A nature magazine. C．A sports magazine.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【導語】本文通過描述人與自然的關系，告訴我們要采取措施保護環境，與自然和諧相處。
1．細節理解題。根據“Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity.”可知，人類對環境造成了很大的危害，包括污染、過度捕撈、濫伐森林等，因此人類與自然關系緊張。故選B。
2．細節理解題。根據“Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.”可知，他們目的是創造一片森林。故選A。
3．詞句猜測題。根據“When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.”可知，當人類保護自然時，自然以藍天、青山、清潔空氣等作為回報，因此rewards意為“回報”。故選C。
4．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文圍繞人類與自然的互動及環保主題展開，最可能來自自然雜志。故選B。
（2025·湖南永州·一模）Nowadays in many Chinese cities, schools have made class breaks longer. They used to be 10 minutes, but now they are 15 minutes. This change is to help students and teachers go outside and play more.
Before, the short breaks didn’t give students much time to play outside, especially if they were in big buildings with many floors. Sometimes, schools didn’t let students leave their rooms during breaks because they were worried about safety.
Now, with longer class breaks, schools want to make sure students can play and exercise for at least 30 minutes every day. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have started doing this. In Beijing, they made the breaks longer by taking time from the longer breaks in the middle of the day. This didn’t change when students start and finish school.
In Wu xi, a city in Jiangsu Province, schools have 15-minute breaks and make sure students have one gym class each day. In order to help students play outside and talk with their friends, schools ask students to exercise for at least 100 minutes every day. The people in charge of schools there said they want to give the break time back to the students.
In Qingdao, a school started playing different games outside, like jump rope and hula hoop (呼啦圈), and also had puzzles to play inside during the longer breaks. They organize the students by the floor they are on so everyone can play outside. A check in May showed that more students in Qingdao are getting good scores on their health tests.
1．In which places have students started having class breaks for at least 30 minutes at school
A．Beijing and Qingdao. B．Tianjin and Wu xi. C．Wu xi and Qingdao.
2．How long are the class breaks in the schools in Wu xi, Jiangsu Province
A．10 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．30 minutes.
3．Which is not the reason about schools these days have made class breaks longer in China
A．To make students go outside and play more.
B．To make students become healthier.
C．To make students study harder.
4．What is the article mainly about
A．The short class breaks make students feel tired.
B．Chinese schools make class breaks longer.
C．Chinese students have more after-school activities.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了中國學校延長課間休息時間的現象及其目的。
1．細節理解題。根據“Now, with longer class breaks, schools want to make sure students can play and exercise for at least 30 minutes every day. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have started doing this.”可知，北京、天津以及青島這三個城市的學生每天至少有30分鐘的活動時間。故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據“In Wu xi, a city in Jiangsu Province, schools have 15-minute breaks and make sure students have one gym class each day.”可知，無錫的學生有15分鐘的休息時間。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據“This change is to help students and teachers go outside and play more.”以及“A check in May showed that more students in Qingdao are getting good scores on their health tests.”可知，延長休息時間是為了讓學生多活動，讓他們更健康，文中沒有提到讓學生們更努力學習。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據“Nowadays in many Chinese cities, schools have made class breaks longer.”可知，本文主要介紹了國內的很多地方延長了學生們的課間休息時間。故選B。
（2025·湖南永州·一模）。
Everyone loves receiving gifts, and across cultures, presents are a way to show care and love. However, traditions are not the same in every country.
As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting differences. For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital.
When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift. Still, it’s best to check if your hosts drink alcohol (酒).
Many Europeans will usually open their presents right away, except in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (標簽).
What if you don’t like your gift In Spain, you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person’s feelings. But if they remember to leave the receipt inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.
Re-gifting (禮物轉送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new. Jennifer Molski from Chicago, America has turned re-gifting into a nice project, collecting gifts people didn’t want for those in need, CBS News reported.
How the present looks is also important. However, by using wrapping paper (包裝紙) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers or maps to help the environment.
Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size or the cost of the gift.
1．Which of the following is not true about Europeans’ gift rules
A．Fruit and milk might be a better choice when Europeans are visiting someone in the hospital.
B．A bottle of fine wine is also a good gift When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe.
C．Many Europeans such as Germans will usually open their presents right away.
2．What does the underlined word “receipt” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 5
A．收據 B．錢包 C．購物卡
3．What is the main purpose of the writer in Paragraph 7
A．Re-gifting is another good idea.
B．Wrapping paper for every present we buy tries to help the environment.
C．The present looks beautiful is very important.
4．What’s the best title for this article
A．Everyone Loves Receiving Gifts
B．Europeans Have Many Rules about Gifts
C．Different Places Might Have Different Rules about Gifts
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C
【導語】本文講述了不同文化在送禮方面的差異。
1．細節理解題。根據“Many Europeans will usually open their presents right away, except in places like Germany”可知，德國人并不會“馬上”拆禮物，選項C中卻說“包括德國人在內的許多歐洲人會馬上拆禮物”，與原文不符，故選C。
2．詞句猜測題。根據“But if they remember to leave the receipt inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.”可知，可以把它換成別的東西。因此“receipt”在文中表示若不喜歡收到的禮物，可以憑它去退換，因此劃線詞是“收據”。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據“However, by using wrapping paper (包裝紙) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers or maps to help the environment.”可知，第七段主要強調過度使用包裝紙會造成浪費，許多德國人開始用報紙或地圖等更環保的材料來包裝禮物，目的是保護環境，故選B。
4．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章提到不同文化在送禮方面的差異，后文也列舉歐洲不同國家各自不同的送禮習慣，選項C“不同地方有不同的送禮規則”適合作為文章標題，故選C。
（2025·湖南湘潭·一模）Are you busy with housework, such as cleaning tables or doing dishes Do your grandparents have trouble carrying heavy things Have you noticed the rubbish covering the lake surface Now robots are coming to change. The robot Mobile Aloha invented by scientists at Stanford University in the US became popular online. Aloha can prepare dishes on its own, from cutting vegetables to cooking food. It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes. It even knows to put away the clothes and quilts. However, it can’t work well without a human “teaching” it. When the situation changes, it may break dishes, fall over things and even burn a pot.
The stair-climbing robot, made by a 16-year-old student Zhou Yihan helps the elderly when shopping. “I found many elderly prefer shopping in the supermarkets, but carrying heavy things like rice and oil can be difficult for them.” Zhou said. He spent half a year making his robot, carefully programming its every function. Zhou’s creation has unique changeable wheels. When traveling on flat ground, the robot uses circular wheels and achieves turning by changing its speed. However, when climbing stairs or traveling through hard areas, the robot changes to triangular wheels.
The Vision-based Water Surface Cleaning Robot helps to clean up the pond filled with smelly rubbish. The robot moves like a boat and can be controlled far away from the bank. To collect garbage, the robot has two plates as “hands”. Then the rubbish is sent to a basket after pared to other water surface cleaning robots, it is small, light and eco-friendly. “It has a solar panel (太陽能板) set on top.”
Bionic (仿生的) human-like robots has attracted great attention recently. The US company Apptronik created a human-like robot Apollo. The robot can make movements like walking, waving and dancing. The robot’s head has cameras and sensors inside. They can help it map out a 360-degree view of its environment. They also help the robot keep balance when walking.
1．According to the passage, _________ can help sweep the floor and water plants.
A．Mobile Aloha B．Apollo C．the stair-climbing robot
2．How long did Zhou Yihan spend creating the stair-climbing robot
A．Two months. B．Six months. C．Twelve months.
3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The camera. B．The sensor. C．The robot.
4．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Technology Influencing the World.
B．New Robots Changing Our Life.
C．Robots for the Elderly and Environment.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了四種不同類型的機器人及其功能。
1．細節理解題。根據“Aloha…It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes.”可知，Mobile Aloha可以幫助掃地、澆花。故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據“He spent half a year making his robot, carefully programming its every function.”可知，他花了六個月時間制作爬樓梯機器人。故選B。
3．詞句猜測題。根據“The robot’s head has cameras and sensors inside. They can help it map out a 360-degree view of its environment.”可知，機器人的頭部有攝像頭和傳感器，它們可以幫助機器人繪制出周圍環境的360度視圖，所以劃線部分指代的是上文中的“The robot”。故選C。
4．最佳標題題。根據“Now robots are coming to change.”并通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了四種不同類型的機器人及其功能，這些機器人正在改變我們的生活。故選B。
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）Koalas might look like cute teddy bears, but they are actually marsupials (有袋動物) like kangaroos. These gray furry animals spend 18-20 hours a day sleeping in eucalyptus trees (桉樹). Their strong claws help them hold onto branches tightly, even while sleeping.
Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. An adult koala needs about 500 grams of leaves daily. Surprisingly, these leaves are poisonous to most animals! Koalas have special stomachs to digest them safely. Baby koalas, called joeys stay in their mother’s pouch (育兒袋) for six months. After that, they ride on their mother’s back for another six months.
Koalas face many challenges. Forest fires and habitat loss make it hard for them to survive. Also, koalas seldom drink water—they get most moisture from leaves. Scientists call them “climate refugees” because they struggle to adapt to hotter weather.
1．What do koalas mainly eat
A．Bamboo leaves. B．Eucalyptus leaves. C．Fresh fruits.
2．The underlined word “moisture” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A．water B．food C．energy
3．How do baby koalas stay safe
A．By hiding in tree holes.B．By staying in mother’s pouch. C．By eating special leaves.
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To warn about forest fires.
B．To describe koalas’ unique lifestyle.
C．To encourage people to adopt koalas.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了考拉這種動物，介紹了它們的生活習性以及面對的挑戰等。
1．細節理解題。根據“Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves.”可知，考拉只吃桉樹葉。故選B。
2．詞句猜測題。根據“Also, koalas seldom drink water—they get most moisture from leaves.”可知，考拉很少喝水，因此應該是從桉樹葉中獲取大部分水分。moisture表示“水”。故選A。
3．細節理解題。根據“Baby koalas, called joeys stay in their mother’s pouch (育兒袋) for six months.”可知，小考拉在媽媽的育兒袋里待六個月。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了考拉這種動物，介紹了它們的生活習性以及面對的挑戰等。故選B。
（24-25九年級下·湖南衡陽·階段練習）Many of us don’t care about the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why we should give a lot of care to our eyes. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.
There are several causes leading to poor eyesight, like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Television, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you have to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses can not only make you look cool but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外線).
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamin A, C and E are good for your eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person often exercises and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good health for a long time.
All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep eyes healthy. Being happy all the time can be beneficial to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.
1．What is the most important way to protect our eyes
A．Natural eye care. B．Taking medicine. C．Seeing the doctor.
2．What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer
A．Eat healthy food. B．Clean the eyes by using cold water. C．Have a rest after working for a while.
3．What does the underlined word “beneficial” probably mean
A．Impossible. B．Helpful. C．Lucky.
4．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Ways of Eye Care B．Ways of Eye Exercises C．Ways of Being Happy
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了保護眼睛的重要性，并提供了自然的眼睛護理方法。
1．細節理解題。根據第一段中“Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.”可知，自然的眼睛護理方法是最重要的，故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據第二段中“If you have to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while.”可知，如果必須工作在電腦前，最好每隔一段時間休息一會，故選C。
3．詞義猜測題。根據最后一段中“All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep eyes healthy.”可知，此處應是說一直開心對一個人的眼睛也有幫助，可推測出“beneficial”意為“有益的”，與“helpful”意思相近。故選B。
4．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了保護眼睛的重要性和自然的眼睛護理方法，A選項“眼部護理方法”為最佳標題。故選A。
（24-25九年級下·湖南常德·階段練習）To understand why the Earth is warming up, first of all, we need to understand why it is warm. Our planet is covered with atmosphere (大氣). Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth. The Sun heats up the Earth’s surface. When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases (氣體) in the atmosphere like CO2, the heat returns to the Earth and keeps it warm.
Power stations and cars release (釋放) so many greenhouse gases every day. So we can help stop global (全球) warming by using less electric things such as turning off lights when we leave a room, asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house to save energy. We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation. For example, ride a bicycle or walk instead of going by car. Another way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees. Because trees take in CO2, they are our best friends when fighting against global warming.
The problem of global warming cannot be solved in a day. It may take a long time to find clean energy, such as wind energy. It may take a long time to plant the trees again we are cutting down. But every little thing each person can do to save energy and our forests will help. Think about our planet. Think about ways we can help make the Earth a safe and comfortable place for the future.
1．The underlined word “it” means _________ in the first paragraph.
A．the Earth B．the heat C．the sunlight
2．_________ ways are mentioned to stop global warming to the second paragraph.
A．Two B．Three C．Four
3．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Everybody can help save energy and our forests.
B．The problem of global warming can not be solved.
C．To find clean energy will help solve the problem of global warming.
4．Which is the best title of this passage
A．Why is the Earth warming up
B．When can we stop the Earth from warming up
C．How can we stop the Earth getting warmer
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【導語】本文探討了地球變暖的原因，并提出了一些緩解全球變暖的措施。
1．詞句猜測題。根據“When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases (氣體) in the atmosphere like CO2, the heat returns to the Earth and keeps it warm.”可知，句子描述了熱量被大氣中的氣體阻擋后返回地球，使地球保持溫暖，因此“it”指地球。故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據“So we can help stop global (全球) warming by using less electric things such as turning off lights when we leave a room, asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house to save energy.”；“We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation.”以及“Another way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees.”可知，第二段提到三種方法：①減少用電（如關燈、調低暖氣）；②改用其他交通方式（騎自行車或步行）；③植樹。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據“The problem of global warming cannot be solved in a day”以及“But every little thing each person can do to save energy and our forests will help.”可知，原文最后一段指出全球變暖問題“無法在一天內解決”，但未斷言“完全無法解決”。選項B的表述絕對化，與原文不符，故錯誤。故選B。
4．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章重點討論全球變暖的原因及具體應對措施。選項C“如何阻止地球變暖”最全面涵蓋文章內容，是最佳標題。故選C。
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）AI Helper in Daily Study
Nowadays, many students use AI tools like DeepSeek to help with their studies. For example, it can check homework answers, explain math problems, even help write essays (短文) and so on. Lately, Lily, a ninth-grade student, used DeepSeek to review math questions. “It analyzes (分析) things clearly, like a patient teacher,” she said.
However, some students rely too much on AI. Tom, a middle-school student, once copied an essay directly from DeepSeek without thinking. The essay used complex sentences, which was very different from Tom’s usual simple writing style. When his teacher read it, she noticed some mistakes. So she became angry and said to Tom, “AI is useful, but you need to use your own brain!” Also, when solving a difficult math problem one day, DeepSeek gave two different answers. Tom felt confused until his teacher helped him explain the steps. What’s more, when students use AI to write, they often miss the chance to improve their creativity.
“Students must verify (驗證) AI answers and express their own opinions.” says Professor Li fromHunan Education Institute. “Use AI to learn, not to replace (代替) your efforts. Always double-check the answers and think independently.”
1．What can DeepSeek do according to Paragraph 1
A．Check homework answers. B．Explain math problems. C．Help with students’ studies.
2．Why did Tom’s teacher became angry
A．Tom used DeepSeek to write the essay without thinking.
B．Tom’s handwriting was too messy.
C．The essay was too short.
3．What does the word “confused” mean in Chinese
A．自信的 B．困惑的 C．激動的
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．AI tools like DeepSeek are perfect for students.
B．Students should use AI wisely and think on their own.
C．Teachers dislike AI tools in education.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B
【導語】本文主要講述了如今許多學生使用人工智能工具來幫助他們的學習，但是人工智能并不完美，學生應該明智地使用人工智能，并獨立思考。
1．細節理解題。根據“Nowadays, many students use AI tools like DeepSeek to help with their studies.”可知，DeepSeek能幫助學生學習。故選C。
2．細節理解題。根據“Tom, a middle-school student, once copied an essay directly from DeepSeek without thinking.”以及“AI is useful, but you need to use your own brain!”可知，Tom的老師生氣是因為湯姆用DeepSeek不假思索地寫了這篇文章。故選A。
3．詞句猜測題。根據“Tom felt confused until his teacher helped him explain the steps.”可知，湯姆感到很……，直到老師幫他解釋步驟，因此可推測在講解步驟前是困惑的。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了如今許多學生使用人工智能工具來幫助他們的學習，但是人工智能并不完美，學生應該明智地使用人工智能，并獨立思考。故選B。
（2025·湖南岳陽·一模）People throw rubbish on the beach and even into the ocean. The rubbish has become the “home” of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Believe it or not, it is happening all over the world. Scientists have seen hermit crabs using bottle tops, and even broken glass bottles. Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies (殼) for protection.
Why do they choose a “rubbish shell” Hermit crabs find shells by a smell that other crabs leave when they die. Ocean plastic has a similar smell. What’s more, there is too much rubbish in the ocean. More than 8 million tons of plastic enter the oceans each year. In other words, we’re throwing a rubbish truck of plastic into the ocean every minute. Also the hermit crabs first look at the shells’ type, size, and color. Then, they give up their old shells and find bigger ones to live in.
However, “rubbish shells” can bring danger to hermit crabs. Different from natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color. It might stand out against the background (捕食者) can find hermit crabs more easily. The crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles. When they get inside of old tires (輪胎), they may find it difficult to get out.
1．According to Paragraph 1, what has become a problem
A．There are more hermit crabs than ever.
B．Scientists have a problem finding hermit crabs.
C．Hermit crabs are using rubbish as homes.
2．What are the reasons for hermit crabs choosing rubbish shells
①The smell of ocean plastic catches their attention.
②There is too much rubbish in the ocean.
③Plastic waste is often bright in color.
④Plastic rubbish is lighter than natural shells.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Why rubbish shells are not safe homes for hermit crabs.
B．Why it is difficult for hermit crabs to find natural shells.
C．Why hermit crabs like to use rubbish shells.
4．In which part of the newspaper can we read this passage
A．Health. B．Nature. C．History.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B
【導語】本文主要講述了寄居蟹喜歡垃圾的原因以及它們喜歡垃圾的原因。
1．細節理解題。根據“The rubbish has become the ‘home’ of hermit crabs (寄居蟹).”可知，第一段提到的問題是寄居蟹以垃圾為家。故選C。
2．細節理解題。根據“Hermit crabs find shells by a smell that other crabs leave when they die. Ocean plastic has a similar smell.”可知，海洋塑料的氣味引起了它們的注意；根據“What’s more, there is too much rubbish in the ocean.”可知，海洋里有太多的垃圾；根據“Different from natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color.”可知，“塑料顏色更亮”是第三段提到的危險，而非選擇原因，因此①②④正確。故選C。
3．主旨大意題。根據“However, ‘rubbish shells’ can bring danger to hermit crabs.”可知，最后一段描述了為什么垃圾殼不是寄居蟹的安全家園。故選A。
4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，本文主要講述了寄居蟹喜歡垃圾的原因以及它們喜歡垃圾的原因，所以應該在報紙的自然部分。故選B。
（2025·湖南婁底·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festival practiced in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy.
Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (代；輩) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and lantern festival events, together forming the happiest days for those who celebrate this event.
On the second day of the Spring Festival, people usually go to visit temples (寺廟) to pray (祈禱) for good luck and celebrate the new year. There are many activities at the temple fairs, like traditional shows, folk art, and selling local handicrafts (手工藝品) and foods.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks (標志) the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public spaces to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (謎語) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances. Many Lantern Festival events, including the famous Zigong lantern show in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, have been listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage items.
根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。
1．How long do the celebrations for the Spring Festival last (持續)
A．7 days. B．10 days. C．15 days.
2．What do people usually do on the second day of the Spring Festival
A．Have a big family feast. B．Visit temples. C．Watch the Lantern Festival show.
3．What is special about the Lantern Festival
A．It’s the first day of the Spring Festival.
B．It marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations.
C．There are no traditional performances during it.
4．When was the Spring Festival added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On December 4, 2024. B．On January 1, 2024. C．On January 1, 2025.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了春節作為中國最重要的傳統節日之一，被聯合國教科文組織列入人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄，并詳細介紹了春節的慶祝活動、習俗以及元宵節的特殊意義。
1．細節理解題。根據“Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival”可知，春節慶祝活動持續15天。故選C。
2．細節理解題。根據“On the second day of the Spring Festival, people usually go to visit temples to pray for good luck and celebrate the new year”可知，春節第二天人們通常會去寺廟祈福。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據“The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations”可知，元宵節標志著春節慶祝活動的結束。故選B。
4．細節理解題。根據“The UNESCO added ‘Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year’ to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024”可知，春節于2024年12月4日被列入人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄。故選A。
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy. Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings, meals, and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and temple fairs.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public places to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (謎語) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances.
The Spring Festival is not only a Chinese treasure, but also a global (全球的) symbol of love, family, and cultural heritage.
1．When was the Spring Festival added to Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On January 1st, 2024. B．On December 4th, 2024. C．On December 15th, 2024.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．A short introduction to the Spring Festival.
B．Some important traditional festivals in China.
C．The importance of family reunions during the Spring Festival.
3．What activity is mentioned during the Lantern Festival in the passage
A．Solving riddles on lanterns. B．Eating dumplings. C．Shopping.
4．What can we know from the passage
A．The Spring Festival is only celebrated in China.
B．The Lantern Festival is the beginning of the Spring Festival.
C．The customs of the Spring Festival have spread around the world.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了中國春節被列入人類非物質文化遺產名錄的背景及其文化意義，并介紹了春節的傳統習俗和慶祝活動。
1．細節理解題。根據文中“The UNESCO added “Spring Festival...to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄) on December 4, 2024.”可知，春節被列入聯合國教科文組織人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄的時間是2024年12月4日。故選B。
2．段落大意題。第二段主要介紹了春節的慶祝活動及其文化意義。根據文中“The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals in China and around the world...and different cultural activities.”可知，本段主要圍繞春節的慶祝活動展開。故選A。
3．細節理解題。根據文中“During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public places to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (謎語) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances.”可知，元宵節期間的活動包括解燈謎。故選A。
4．細節理解題。根據文中“The Spring Festival is not only a Chinese treasure, but also a global (全球的) symbol of love, family, and cultural heritage.”可知，春節的習俗已經傳播到世界各地。故選C。

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