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(共46張PPT)
Period 2 Section A (3a-3b)
Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
Is it important for us to save the sharks Why
3a Read the passage about sharks and complete the fact sheet below.
Many have heard of shark fin/f n/ soup. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
Save the Sharks!
杜絕惡劣的飲食習(xí)慣，保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境。
When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. ① Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. ② Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. ③ If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. ④
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as Wild Aid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. ⑤ So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them ⑥ Help save the sharks！
Number of sharks caught and traded every year
How governments can help
Two environmental groups against “finning” ⑦
around 70 million
develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins
Wild Aid and the WWF
3b Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
so　　although　　if but　　when
1. Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark ________ they enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup.
2. Sharks are at the top of the food chain, ________ if their numbers drop, the ocean’s ecosystem will be in danger.
when
so
3. Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, _______ they are wrong.
4. __________ there are no scientific studies to support this, a lot of people believe that shark fins are good for health.
5. Sharks may disappear one day ________ we do not do something to stop the sale of shark fins.
Although　
if
but
so　　although　　if but　　when
①This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
(1) not only... but also... 不但……而且……
not only... but also... 是并列連詞詞組, 可以連接并列的成分。其中also可以省略。
Not only I but also my sister likes going shopping online.
不僅我, 而且我妹妹也喜歡網(wǎng)購。
連接并列主語
當(dāng)not only... but also...連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式遵循“就近原則”，即要和最近的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。
連接并列表語
Astronauts can not only give classes but also write in the spaceship.
宇航員們在宇宙飛船里不但能夠授課還能寫字。
The government provides these homeless people with not only food but also clothes.
政府給這些無家可歸的人不僅提供食物，而且提供衣服。
連接并列謂語
連接并列賓語
拓展：(1) 當(dāng)not only... but also... 連接兩個(gè)句子，且not only放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后的句子要用部分倒裝，而but also后的句子仍用陳述語序。
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.
他不僅是一位教師，而且也是一位詩人。
(2) 連接并列成分的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：both... and...(……和……都) ；either...or...(要么……要么……) ；neither... nor...(……和……都不) 。
小貼士：在英語中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某些內(nèi)容，常把否定詞置于句首，這時(shí)句子用倒裝語序。常見的這類詞還有never，little，hardly等。
考題1: ______ Jake ______ his mother likes pop songs, and they often sing together.
A. Not only; but also
B. Neither; nor
C. Either; or
A
(2) cruel /'kru l/ adj. 殘酷的；殘忍的
I think it’s cruel to keep animals in cages.
我認(rèn)為把動物們關(guān)在籠子里是殘忍的。
I can’t stand people who are cruel to animals.
我無法容忍虐待動物的人。
be cruel to 意為“對……殘忍”
cruel的副詞形式為cruelly，意為“殘忍地”。
考題2: No matter how c the reality may be, we should never give up.
ruel
(3) harmful /'hɑ (r) mfl/ adj. 有害的
是由“harm(n. 傷害；損害) +-ful(形容詞后綴) ”構(gòu)成的。be harmful to 意為“對……有害”。
Smoking is harmful to one’s health.
吸煙對人的健康有害。
harmful 的比較級、最高級分別借助more、 most構(gòu)成。
拓展：be harmful to 的同義短語為do harm to 或be bad for。反義短語為be good for “對……有好處”。
Fruit juice can be harmful to children’s teeth. = Fruit juice can do harm to children’s teeth. = Fruit juice can be bad for children’s teeth. 水果汁會對兒童的牙齒有害。
Cycling is a good way of getting around in this city. It’s good for the environment.
在這個(gè)城市，騎自行車是出行的好方式。這對環(huán)境有好處。
構(gòu)詞法記單詞：-ful 是形容詞后綴，加在名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“充滿……的”或“具有……性質(zhì)的”。如：
helpful 有幫助的
useful 有用的
wonderful 精彩的
meaningful 有意義的
careful 細(xì)心的；小心的
colorful 顏色鮮艷的
知識積累：
be good with...
善于應(yīng)付……的
be thirsty for...渴望……
be different from...
與……不同
考題3: Too much sugar can ______ your health. So eat less sugar.
A. be good with B. be harmful to
C. be thirsty for D. be different from
B
②Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies.
no longer 不再
The weather was so hot that I could stand it no longer.
天氣太熱了，以至于我再也無法忍受。
Jack no longer felt lonely after making some friends in the new school.
杰克在新學(xué)校交了一些朋友后就不再感到孤獨(dú)了。
no longer 相當(dāng)于not... Any longer，一般和延續(xù)性動詞連用。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或動作不再持續(xù)。
考題4: [無錫] Jim is no _________ (long) afraid of making new friends at school now.
longer
③Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.
at the top of 在……頂部或頂端
反義短語為at the bottom of“在……的底部”。
She was standing at the top of the stairs.
她站在樓梯的頂端。
拓展：on the top of 意為“在……之上；在……上面”。on 表示部位上的接觸，反義短語為at the foot of“在……腳下”。
Place the bowl on the top of the fridge.
把這個(gè)碗放到冰箱的上面。
一語辨異: Life is always about ups and downs. You won’t always be at the top, but you won’t always be at the bottom either. 人生總是充滿了起起落落。你不會一直站在頂峰，也不會一直處于低谷。
④The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
(1) (重點(diǎn)) the number of... ……的數(shù)量
The numbers of different kinds of plants have already fallen year by year. 不同種類的植物的數(shù)量已經(jīng)在逐年下降。
the numbers of 是the number of 的復(fù)數(shù)形式，此處number使用復(fù)數(shù)，表示不同種類的鯊魚的數(shù)量。
辨析: the number of 與a number of
the
number
of 意為“……的數(shù)量”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞，其中心詞是number。“the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
a
number
of 意為“一些；許多”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞，可在number 前使用large、small 等詞來修飾，其中心詞是of 后面的名詞或代詞。a number of 后加名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
一語辨異：
A number of steps have been taken to protect wild animals because the number of them has become smaller and smaller.
為了保護(hù)野生動物，已經(jīng)采取了一些措施，因?yàn)樗鼈兊臄?shù)量變得越來越少。
The number of these colorful butterflies has dropped in recent years. 近年來，這些彩色蝴蝶的數(shù)量有所下降。
A number of books have been written on the subject of artificial intelligence.
已經(jīng)有許多關(guān)于人工智能主題的書籍被撰寫出來。
考題5: In China, a number of birthday persons _____ cakes with candles. The number of candles _____ the person’s age.
A. has; is B. eats; are C．eat; is
【解析】主謂一致法解題。a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)，所以第一空用eat；The number of + 名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，所以第二空用is。
C
(2) fall by 下降了……
其中by 用作介詞，表示下降的幅度。
Output will fall by 6%. 產(chǎn)量將下降6%。
拓展：fall to 意為“下降到”。
(3) percent /p 'sent/ n. 百分之……
percent 作名詞，意為“百分之……”，用在基數(shù)詞之后。
Thirty percent of the farmland has been bought.
百分之三十的農(nóng)田已經(jīng)被買下了。
一語辨異:
Last year, the price of this kind of car was 100,000 yuan. This year it falls to 80,000 yuan. It falls by 20 percent.
去年這種小汽車的價(jià)格是10萬元，今年降到了8 萬元，下降了百分之二十。
拓展：當(dāng)“基數(shù)詞 + percent of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要與of 后面的名詞保持單復(fù)數(shù)一致。
Sixty percent of the students are boys in this class.
這個(gè)班 60% 的學(xué)生是男生。
Fifty percent of my task has been done.
我的任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成百分之五十。
無論基數(shù)詞是否大于1，percent 都用單數(shù)形式。
⑤They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins.
law /l / n. 法律；法規(guī)
Do not think you are above the law.
別以為你凌駕于法律之上。
I think our government should pass a law to reduce food waste.
我認(rèn)為我們的政府應(yīng)該通過一項(xiàng)法律來減少食物浪費(fèi)。
He is a lawyer. He always tells us to obey the law and those who break the law will be punished by law. 他是一個(gè)律師。
他總是告訴我們要遵守法律，那些違法者將受到法律制裁。
lawyer 作名詞，意為“律師”。
law 的常用短語：develop laws 制定法律
pass a law 通過一項(xiàng)法律 break the law 違法
obey the law 遵守法律 traffic laws 交通法規(guī)
考題6: Our government made some ________ (法律) to care about the left-behind kids.
laws
⑥So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them
(1) so far 到目前為止
Mary started reading the book last week and she has finished
50 pages so far.
瑪麗上周開始讀這本書，到目前為止她已經(jīng)讀完了50 頁。
How many travelers have been to Disneyland so far
到目前為止有多少游客到過迪斯尼樂園？
拓展：so far 還可意為“(距離) 如此遠(yuǎn)”。
I’m not sure to walk so far. 我沒有把握能步行那么遠(yuǎn)。
so far 通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，用作狀語，可位于句首或句末。同義詞組有up to now(到現(xiàn)在為止) 。
考題7: [連云港] As a traditional Chinese martial art (武術(shù)) , Taijiquan ______ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far.
A. spreads B. is spreading
C. will spread D. has spread
【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“so far”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是“have/has done”。
D
(2) scientific /sa n't f k/ adj. 科學(xué)上的；科學(xué)的
It’s not a scientific way to test their opinions.
它不是檢驗(yàn)他們觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)科學(xué)的方式。
拓展：scientific 的詞形變化：
science n. 科學(xué)
scientist n. 科學(xué)家
一語辨異:
I am interested in science and want to be a scientist, so I take part in many scientific activities. 我對科學(xué)感興趣，想成為一名科學(xué)家，所以我參加了許多科學(xué)活動。
考題8: China plans to pay more attention to __________________ (科學(xué)教育) in its primary and middle schools.
scientific education
⑦Two environmental groups against “finning”
against / 'ɡenst/, / 'ɡe nst/ prep. 反對
against 作介詞，其反義詞為for。后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
I’m not against your ideas. Instead, I’m for you.
我不反對你的觀點(diǎn)。相反，我支持你。
I am against smoking in public places.
我反對在公共場合抽煙。
拓展：against 的其他常見含義：
We will play against the league champions next week.
下周我們要和聯(lián)賽冠軍隊(duì)比賽。
Put the piano there, against the wall.
把鋼琴放在那兒，緊靠著墻。
Lin Yi rode his bike ahead against the strong wind.
林義逆著大風(fēng)向前騎車。
He walked without looking ahead and hit his head against the tree. 他走路不看前方，頭撞到樹上了。
考題9: We need to guard _____ any possible danger around us.
A. for B. over
C. with D. against
【解析】用固定搭配法。guard against 為固定搭配，意為“提防；防范”。
D
本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)了呼吁拯救鯊魚的文章, 掌握了知識點(diǎn)not only…but also…, harmful, the number of, against的用法, 增強(qiáng)了拯救瀕危動物、愛護(hù)人類生存環(huán)境的意識。

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