資源簡介 選擇性必修第一冊Unit 1 People of AchievementPart 1 Word and Expressions1、vital adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的①be vital to/for 對···至關重要 ②It is vital to do sth. 做某事是至關重要的③It is vital that··· ···是至關重要的(that從句要用虛擬語氣,即謂語用“should+動詞原形”)2、commit vt.承諾;保證(某個人、機構等) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)committed adj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的commitment n.承諾;交托;信奉①commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. 承諾/保證做某事 ②be committed to 致力于;委身于③make a commitment 做出承諾 ④commit a crime 犯罪3、academy n.(藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院;學會;專科院校academic adj.學業的;學術的4、objective n.目標;目的 adj.客觀的——反義詞:subjective adj.主觀的object n.物體;對象;客體 v.反對5、botany n.植物學botanical adj.植物學的6、evaluate vt.評估,評價=assess=rate(比率)evaluation n. 評估,估算①evaluate one's ability 評估某人的能力 ②evaluate sb. on/by 根據···評價某人③make an evaluation of··· 對···進行評估7、distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區別的distinction n.差別;區分;卓著【拓展】與···不同 be different/distinct from=differ from8、obtain vt.(尤指經努力)獲得;贏得 vi.(規章、習俗等)存在;流行①obtain …from/out of/ through… 從……中得到……②obtain knowledge/one’s degree 獲得知識/學位③obtain sb. sth.=obtain sth. for sb. 給某人帶來某物④obtain sth.by doing sth. 通過做某事獲得某物9、acknowledge vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝acknowledgement n.承認①acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承認做了某事②acknowledge …as/ to be… 認為……是……③It is widely/ generally acknowledged that 普遍認為……10、defeat n.失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰勝①a narrow defeat 惜敗 ②suffer a defeat 遭遇失敗 ③be defeated by 被……打敗11、apparent adj.顯而易見的;顯然的;表面上的apparently adv.顯而易見;看來;顯然①It is apparent/ obvious that… ……是顯而易見的②As is apparently shown/started in the picture/chart/passage above 正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣12、science n.科學scientist n.科學家scientific adj.科學(上)的;關于科學的13、conclude vt.推斷出;得出結論;使結束 vi.結束;終止conclusion n.結論;推論;結束①conclude... from... 從...中推斷出... ②in conclusion 總之14、circumstance n.[usually pl.]條件;環境;狀況①in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下;既然如此②under any circumstances 在任何情況下;無論如何③in/under no circumstances 決不;無論如何都不15、consequence n.結果,后果consequent adj.隨之發生的;由……引起的consequently adv.所以;因而①in consequence/as a consequence=as a result因此;結果②in consequence of/as a consequence of=as a result of由于……原因16、remarkable adj.非凡的;顯著的remark v.談起;述說;議論;評論 n.評論;言語①be remarkable for以……著稱 ②make no remark不加評論;什么也不說③make a remark/remarks on/about...就……發表意見;評論……④remark on/upon就……發表意見;評論 ⑤remark that...評論……17、sum vi.總結;概括 n.金額;款項;總數;總和summarize v. 總結;概況summary n. 總結①do/work/make sums/a sum計算;做算術題②in sum=to sum up大體上;一言以蔽之;總之③sum up總結;概括;是……的總和;合計18、insist on 堅決要求insist on upon (doing)sth. 堅決要求(做某事)19、wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨損;損耗20、flow chart 流程圖21、come to power (開始) 掌權;上臺【拓展】有關power的詞組①beyond/out of one' s power 力所不能及的 ②be in power 執政 ③take power 掌權④do all/everything in one' s power to do sth.竭盡所能做某事22、take up a position 擔任;任職【拓展】有關take的詞組①take up拿起;接受;開始;繼續;占據(時間或空間) ②take away解除;消除③take down拿下;取下;記下 ④take in理解;欺騙;接納⑤take off脫去;起飛;突然受歡迎 ⑥take on呈現;開始雇用Part2 Grammar定語從句非限制性定語從句起補充說明作用,去掉后也不會影響對全句的理解,它與先行詞之間往往用逗號隔開。一、引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞有:關系代詞which,who,whom,whose,as關系副詞when,where等關系詞在句中所作成分:關系代詞:主語、賓語、表語、定語關系副詞:狀語二、as的用法as也可以作為關系代詞引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,as在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。(1)as引導限制性定語從句時,主要用在固定搭配such...as,the same...as中。(2)as引導非限制性定語從句時,指代主句的內容,在從句中作主語或賓語,常譯為“正如”。(3)as引導的非限制性定語從句可置于主句前。(4)as引導的非限制性定語從句常可看作固定結構,如:as is known to us眾所周知 as is reported正如所提及的那樣 as we all know眾所周知 as has been said before正如之前所說三、使用非限制性定語從句時的注意事項(1)that不能引導非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中,用who,whom指代人,用which指代物。(2)當先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性定語從句。(3)非限制性定語從句可以補充說明整個主句。(4)非限制性定語從句表原因時,不用why引導,而用for which代替why。四、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別(1)形式不同限制性定語從句與主句之間無逗號隔開;非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號隔開。(2)作用不同限制性定語從句可以修飾名詞或代詞,與先行詞關系密切,若缺少,句意則不完整。非限制性定語從句修飾名詞或代詞,也可以修飾整個句子,對先行詞僅起補充說明作用,若缺少,句意仍相對完整。(3)翻譯不同限制性定語從句的句子一般先譯從句,后譯先行詞,即把從句放在先行詞前,譯為“……的+先行詞”。非限制性定語從句的句子一般先譯主句,后譯從句,形成兩個分句。(4)關系詞不同關系代詞that不能引導非限制性定語從句。在限制性定語從句中,關系代詞作賓語時可以省略;在非限制性定語從句中,所有關系詞都不可省略。五、特殊結構“名詞/代詞+of+which/whom”六、關系代詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞的選擇關鍵是判斷句子結構:非限制性定語從句一選關系代詞 并列句一選人稱代詞或指示代詞Part3 Writing課文重點句1、Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分,僅在非洲一年就可以挽救10萬人的生命。2、They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.然后,他們嘗試煮沸新鮮的青蒿,并使用從青蒿中獲得的液體來治療瘧疾,但這也不起作用。3、Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持要在自己身上測試這種藥,以確保它的安全性。4、Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.(含有非限制性定語從句的復合句)后來,用這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上做試驗,大部分患者都康復了。5、Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”(upon+勱詞-ing形式)當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時,她說,“榮譽不只是屬于我自己的。”6、It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.(It strikes sb that...)他感到驚訝的是,照片中的其他中國男人顯然不在乎同胞們發生了什么。7、I’d like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.(復合句)我想再試一次那種中草藥,它似乎對我的咳嗽最有效。8、He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(獨立主格結構)他為世界做出了許多貢獻,最著名的是廣義相對論和著名的E=mc2公式。9、On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(并列句)據報道,1955年4月18日,愛因斯坦逝丐,全世界哀悼這位杰出科學家的逝世。讀后續寫素材積累(1)情感描寫——開心Her eyes twinkled with merriment.她高興得雙眸閃閃發亮。Mack went into raptures and burst into laughter.麥克欣喜若狂,大笑起來。A ripple of laughter went through the crowd.人群中傳來一陣笑聲Lily's laughter lingered in the room for a long time.麗麗的笑聲縈繞在房間里久久不能散去。Her hands were trembling with excitement as she opened the letter.當她打開信時,她的手激動得發抖。After hearing this satisfactory outcome,Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.在聽到這個令人滿意的結果后,史蒂夫感到一種喜悅和幸福的感覺涌上心頭。Overwhelmed with gaiety,he jumped up and ran excitedly around the tree.他欣喜若狂,跳起來并繞著那棵大樹跑了幾圈。In his excitement he couldn't remember her name.他興奮得甚至把他自己的名字都給忘了。Rose felt blissful as if she was in possession of everything.羅絲感到很幸福,好像她擁有了全世界一樣。She was carried away by pleasure.她被快樂沖昏了頭腦。I nodded,with a big smile spreading across my cheek.我點點頭,臉上露出燦爛的笑容。She couldn't conceal the excitement and rushed home to tell her mother the good news.她掩飾不住興奮,急忙回家告訴母親這個好消息。She is always ready to help others in need and always wears shining smile on her face,so many classmates are willing to make friends with her.她總是樂于助人并且臉上總是掛著燦爛的笑容,因此很多同學都愿意和她交朋友。I'm over the moon.我太開心了It is easy to infer that he is in rapture through his big smile.從他那燦爛的笑容很容易推斷出他是興高采烈的。He woke up that morning with a feeling of excitement.他一起床就感到很興奮。Her excitement grew as the day of the wedding came nearer.隨著結婚的日子越來越近,她越來越興奮。I am overflowing with happiness.我洋溢著幸福。Every time we mentioned the funny incidents of the journey a pleasant smile would spread over Mom's face.每次我們提到旅途中的趣事,媽媽的臉上就會浮現出愉快的笑容A sudden wave of joy swept over her.一陣喜悅突然涌上她的心頭。She gazed up at him,glowing with happiness.她抬頭看著他,臉上洋溢著幸福的光芒。The children were filled with excitement at the thought of visiting Disneyland.孩子們一想到要去迪斯尼樂園就興奮不已。My heart is as sweet as honey.我的心甜的像蜜一樣。Pleasure welled up inside her heart.她心中涌起喜悅。Amusement gleamed in his eyes.他眼中流露出愉快的神情.Mother's eyes flash across the surprise,open smile ripples.母親的眼里閃過驚喜,笑容蕩漾開。She come up to me,with a smile shining like a diamond.她帶著燦爛的笑容走到我面前。Unit 2 Looking into the FuturePart 1 Word and Expressions1、persuade vt.勸說;說服persuasion n.勸說,說服(力);信仰persuasive adj.有說服力的;勸誘的;動聽①persuade sb. to do/into doing sth. 成功說服某人做某事②persuade sb.not to do/out of doing sth. 說服某人不做某事③persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 ④persuade that...使某人相信……2、switch vt.轉換;交換 vi.使改變;轉變 n.開關;轉換器;改變①a switch in在……方面的轉變 ②make a switch做出改變③switch...from...to...(把……)由……轉變為④switch on/off打開/關上(電器等) ⑤switch over to轉變;換頻道【辨析】“開”“關”①開/關(門、窗、盒子等)open/close the door/window/box②開/關(收音機、電燈,電視等)switch on/off the radio/light/TV③開/關(收音機、電燈、水、煤氣等)turn on/off the radio/light/water/gas3、distant adj.遙遠的;遠處的;疏遠的;心不在焉的distance n.距離①be distant from距離遠;不相似 ②in the distance/into the distance在遠處③from a distance從遠處④keep sb.at a distance對……冷淡;同……疏遠;與……保持一定距離4、remote adj.遙遠的,偏僻的remotely adv.遙遠地;偏僻地;冷淡地,極小地remoteness n.遠離,遙遠remote control遙控;遙控器5、efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的efficiently adv.效率高地;有效地6、routine n.常規;正常順序 adj.常規的;日常的routinely adv.常規地,例行地daily routine 日常生活7、preference n.喜愛,偏愛;偏愛的事物prefer vt.更喜歡,寧愿①in preference to優先于…… ②have a preference for sth.偏愛某物③give preference to給……以優惠 ④prefer to do sth.更喜歡做某事⑤prefer to do A rather than do B寧愿做A而不愿做B8、instant n.瞬間;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的①in an instant(=immediately)立刻②the instant(that)(=as soon as)一……就……9、secure adj.空全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.獲得;拴牢;保護security n.保護措施;安全工作;保衛部門10、integrate v.使合并;成為一體integrated adj.各部分密切協調的;綜合的integration n.結合;整合;一體化;融合①integrate into/with和……合成一體 ②integrate sb.into/with sth.把某人融入③integrate A and B=integrate A into/with B把A和B整合起來;把A和B合成一體11、command n.指令;命令;控制 vt.命令;控制commander n.指揮官①at one's command聽某人吩咐 ②have a good command of精通③in command(of sb.)指揮;控制 ④take command of控制某事⑤under one's command在某人的指揮下 ⑥command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事12、obey v.服從,順從obedience n.順從obedient adj.順從的disobey v.不服從disobedience n.不服從disobedient adj.不服從的13、potential n.潛在性;可能性;潛能 adj.可能的;潛在的potentially adv.潛在地14、relevant adj.相關的,切題的relevance n.關聯,貼切,中肯relevantly adv.有關地;切題地irrelevant adj.無關的;不切題的①be relevant to與……有關 ②be related to與……有關③be concerned with與……有關 ④be involved in與……有關⑤be associated with與……有關 ⑥be irrelevant to sth./sb.與某物/人不相關15、combine v.使聯合;使結合combination n.結合;聯合;混合①combine A with B(=combine A and B together)把A與B結合②in combination with... 與...結合【辨析】combine/connect/joincombine“結合;聯合”,指為了一個目的而把兩個以上的事物聯系在一起。connect事物(東西)不緊密地連接,也可用于抽象的聯系(如姻親關系),后接with/to。join指直接連接兩物或兩地,也可指兩物緊密地連接,后接to,不接with。16、predict vt.預言,預測;預料prediction n.預言;預測;預示predictable adj.可預言的;可預測的;可預示的predictor n.測位器;預言家17、occupation n.職業;占領occupy vt.占據;占有;占領occupied adj.使用中;忙碌的①occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于②be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于;全神貫注于;從事18、oppose vt.反對;抵制;阻撓opposite adj.對面的,另一邊的;相反的,對立的opposed adj.反對的,對立的opposition n.反對①oppose sth./doing sth./sb.'s doing sth.反對某人做某事強調動作②oppose sth.to/against sth.使……與……對立/對抗 ③be opposed to sth.反對某事【歸納】反對(做某事):be opposed to (doing) sth. oppose (doing) sth. object to (doing) sth.be against (doing) sth.19、cease v.使停止;終止cessation n.停止;終止;中斷;暫停①cease to do sth.停下來去做 ②cease(doing)sth.停止(做)某事20、absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席——反義詞:presence n.出席;到場absent adj.缺席的;不在的——反義詞:present adj.出席的;到場的absently adv.心不在焉地①absence from classes缺課 ②in one's absence在某人不在的時候③absence of mind心不在焉 ④in the absence of...不在時⑤be absent from缺席;缺少;不存在21、advocate vt.提倡;支持;擁護 n.提倡者,支持者;擁護者①advocate(doing)sth.提倡(做)某事 ②an advocate for/of……的支持者/擁護者③advocate+that-clause提倡/主張……(從句謂語用should do,should可省略)22、resist v.抵制;反抗;抵擋resistant adj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的resistance n.抗拒;反對①be hard/impossible to resist難以拒絕 ②resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物③can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住干某事 ④resist doing sth.抑制干某事⑤be resistant to對……有抵抗力【辨析】can't resist doing sth./can't help doing sth./can't help do sth.can't resist doing...無法抗拒……的誘惑,忍不住干……can't help doing情不自禁地做……can't help do sth.不能幫忙做……23、early on 在初期;早先24、catch fire著火25、in this sense從這種意義上來講【拓展】有關sense的詞組①in a sense(=in one way)從某種意義上說 ②in no sense絕不(放在句首,句子用部分倒裝)③make sense有道理;有意義;講得通 ④make sense of sth.理解;弄懂(不易理解的事物)⑤make no sense無意義;講不通;無道理 ⑥There's no sense in doing sth.做某事無意義26、keep in touch(with...)(與……)保持聯系;了解(某課題或領域的情況)【拓展】有關touch的詞組①get in touch (with)(與…)取得聯系[不與一段時間連用]②lose touch (with)(與…)失去聯系[不與一段時間連用]③stay/be in touch (with)(與...)保持聯系 ④be out of touch(with)(與...)失去聯系27、cut down削減;刪節;砍倒【拓展】有關cut的詞組①cut away切下;砍掉 ②cut off中止;切斷 ③cut across走捷徑 ④cut out刪除;遮擋⑤cut back削減;縮減 ⑥cut short縮短;打斷 ⑦cut in超車;插嘴 ⑧cut up切碎;抨擊Part2 Grammar將來進行時一、定義將來進行時表示最近或較遠的將來正在進行的動作或說話人已經計劃或安排好的事情。二、構成1、肯定句:主語+shall/will+be+現在分詞...2、否定句:主語+shall/will+not+be+現在分詞...3、疑問句:Shall/Will+主語+be+現在分詞... 4、疑問代詞/疑問副詞+shall/will+主語+be+現在分詞... shall用于第一人稱,will用于第一、二、三人稱。三、將來進行時的主要用法1、將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作。2、將來進行時表示按計劃或安排要發生的動作。3、將來進行時表示委婉語氣。四、將來進行時與一般將來時的區別1、一般將來時是指將來某個時間將要發生的動作和狀態,基本結構是:主語+will+do.2、兩者均可表示將來,但用將來進行時語氣更委婉3、有時一般將來時中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用將來進行時則只是單純地談未來情況Part3 Writing課文重點句1、Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而,大多數新的家庭需要幾年才能開始使用這項新技術。2、However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.然而,在不太遙遠的未來,我們將生活在智能家居里,它能在我們離開時鎖門,在我們忘了關掉電視的時候記得關掉它。3、These smart homes will keep us secure,save us energy,and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.(動詞不定式短語作定語)這些智能家居將保護我們的安全,節省能源,并提供一個更舒適的生活環境。4、Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.(find + 賓語 + 賓補)你一進家門,燈就會亮起,還有你最喜歡的音樂或電視節目(會自動播放),而且你會發現晚餐已為你準備好了。5、This morning,I saw the shocking headline:“Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”.今天早上,我看到了令人震驚的頭條新聞。"無人駕駛汽車撞死了乘客"。6、On the one hand,there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.一方面,世界各地有許多不同的群體在沒有新技術的情況下快樂地生活。7、They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work,family,and community.他們提倡簡單的生活,強調努力工作、家庭和社區。8、On the other hand,new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.另一方面,這些年來,新技術給各地的人們帶來了很多好處。9、Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.(make +it+ adj. +( for sb./sth.) to do sth.)此外,互聯網使朋友和家人能夠很容易地保持聯系,即使他們在世界的另一邊。10、Nevertheless,I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.盡管如此,我將永遠看到變革積極的一面,接受而不是抵制它。讀后續寫素材積累(2)情感描寫——悲傷There were tears in her eyes,but her voice was steady.她眼里含著淚水,但聲音依然很穩定。I was seized with sadness.我傷心欲絕。A flash of grief came upon me.一陣悲傷襲身而來。His lip started to tremble and then he started to cry.他的嘴唇開始顫抖,然后哭了起來。He sigh with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed.一想到他錯過的所有機會,他絕望地嘆了口氣。Tears rolled down her cheeks.淚水從他的臉頰滑落。Charles was overcome with grief.查爾斯悲痛欲絕。He looked mournful,even near to tears.他看起來很悲傷,幾乎要流淚了。There was a lump in my throat and I didn't speak because I knew I would cry.我哽咽了,沒有說話,因為我知道我會哭的。It's no good turning on the water works.You can't stay home from school.你哭也沒用,因為你不能逃學.I left quickly,not wanting to break down in front of the children.我趕快離開了,因為我不想在孩子們面前大哭。The heavy blow almost made her cry.這沉重的打擊幾乎要把她弄哭了。Cecil came round later,crying his eyes out,asking me to forgive him.塞西爾后來來了,哭得很傷心,請求我原諒他。Joe's eyes were watering from the smoke that filled the room.喬的眼睛正被滿屋的煙霧熏得淌眼淚。His face was cast a cloud of gloom after hearing this news.聽到這個消息后,他的臉上蒙上了一層陰云。He nagged and complained,and reduced Louise to tears.他嘮嘮叨叨,不停地抱怨,使路易斯不禁流淚。Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn't realize that.她的手在顫抖,她都快要哭出來了,但保羅一點也沒有意識到這一切。The old song always brought tears to my eyes.那首老歌總是讓我傷感得流淚。Bill fought back tears and tried to comfort Sarah's mother.比爾抑制住淚水,并試圖安慰桑拉的母親。He stood silently,tears rolling down his cheeks.她靜靜地站著,淚水順著臉頰淌下來。Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes,and begged me to help her.簡眼里含著淚水打轉,懇求我幫幫他。Most of us were in tears by the time he'd finished his story.他講完故事時,我們大多數人都已經淚流滿面。I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我感覺自己漂浮在悲傷的海洋里。Bob sat there with melancholy look on his face.鮑勃坐在那兒,帶著一臉憂郁。Carol is a bit down in the dumps because she failed her final exam.卡羅爾很難受,因為她期末考不及格。He got a face like a wet weekend.他的臉像下了一周的雨,愁云慘霧的Feeling down/upset/sad/blue,please just leave me alone.情緒低落/沮喪/悲傷/憂郁,讓我靜靜。These days she is in a bad mood. 這些天她心情不好。Unit 3 Fascinating ParksPart 1 Word and Expressions1、buffet vt.連續猛擊;打來打去 n.自助餐①buffet sb./sth.連續猛擊某人/物②buffet one's way打開一條路(尤指在困難條件下);(船)乘風破浪2、edge n.邊;邊緣;邊線;刀刃 vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移動;給...加邊①edge towards...朝……緩慢移動 ②edge along...沿……緩慢移動③on edge豎著;直立著;緊張不安的 ④at the edge of在……邊緣處3、ban vt.明令禁止;取締 n.禁令①ban(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事 ②ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事③a ban on/against sth.對某事的禁令 ④place/put...under a ban禁止……【拓展】“禁止,阻止”ban/prohibit/forbid/stop/keep/prevent+sb.+from doing sth. forbid+sb.+to do sth.4、visible adj.看得見的;可見的——反義詞:invisible adj.看不見的;不可見的be visible to...……能看見5、accompany vt.陪同,陪伴;與...同時發生,伴隨;(尤指用鋼琴)為…伴奏company n.陪伴;公司accompanying adj.陪伴的;伴隨的①accompany sb.at/on sth.(尤指用鋼琴)為某人伴奏②be accompanied by由某人陪同;由……伴奏③accompany sb.=keep pany陪伴某人 ④accompany sb.to someplace陪同某人到某地6、adopt vt.采用;采取;采納 vt.&vi.領養adopted adj.被收養的;被采用的adoptable adj.可采用的,可收養的adoption n.采用;收養adopt...as...選……作為……;收養……為……7、bless vt.祝福blessing n.祝福;賜福;恩賜be blessed with... 有幸得到…8、prohibit vt.禁止;阻止prohibition n.禁令;禁律①prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事 ②prohibition on/against......的禁令③prohibit sb./sth.from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事9、stretch vi.延伸;延續 vi.&vt.伸展;舒展①stretch for延伸 ②stretch oneself伸懶腰 ③stretch over延續④stretch out延伸;綿延;伸直(四肢) ⑤stretch to拉長到10、rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的reward n.獎勵,回報,報酬;懸賞金 vt.獎勵;獎賞;給以報酬①in reward(for)作為(對...的)回報 ②reward sb.with sth.用某物獎勵某人③a reward for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而獲得的獎勵④give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.為某事而給某人獎勵⑤reward sb.for(doing)sth.因為(做)某事而獎勵某人11、ahead adv.向前;在前面;提前①ahead of在...前面;領先于 ②ahead of time提前③ahead of one’s time領先于某人/某物的時代 ④go ahead繼續;說吧,用吧;拿吧⑤go straight ahead一直彽前走 ⑥look/think/plan ahead展望/考慮/計劃未來12、incredible adj.極好的;極大的;難以置信的credible adj.可信的incredible adv.難以置信地13、appeal vi.有吸引力;呼吁;懇求;上訴 n.吸引力;呼吁;上訴;請求appealing adj.有吸引力的;懇求的①appeal to有吸引力;有感染力;懇求;上訴;呼吁 ②appeal for sth.呼吁某事③appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.呼吁某人做某事④make an appeal to sb.for sth.向某人呼吁某事⑤make an appeal to sb.to do sth.向某人呼吁做某事14、wander n.游蕩;閑逛;流浪 vt.&vi.閑逛;漫游 vi.走失;離散;走神①wander around在…前后轉來轉去 ②wander back to回想到③wander from從...離開 ④wander off迷失;離開正途或正確的方向15、amusement n.娛樂(活動);愉悅amuse vt.(提供)消遣;(使)娛樂amused adj.逗樂的;覺得好笑的amusing adj.有趣的;逗樂的①to one’s amusement令某人感到好笑的是 ②be amused at/by對...感到好笑③amuse oneself(by doing sth)(通過做某事)自娛自樂④be amused to do sth.做某事而感到好笑16、enormous adj.極大的;巨大的enormously adv.極大地17、fashion n.時尚;時興;流行款式fashionable adj.流行的;時髦的;時尚的①be in fashion/come into fashion流行 ②go/be out of fashion過時18、rare adj.稀少的;珍貴的;(肉)半熟的rarely adv.不經常;很少It is rare for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很罕見19、superb adj.極佳的;卓越的superbly adv.極佳地20、display n.展覽;陳列;展覽品 vt.顯示;陳列①on display在展覽中(=on show) ②place/put sth.on display把...進行展覽③a window display櫥窗陳列 ④a firework display焰火表演21、appetite n.食欲;胃口;強烈欲望①have a good appetite有一個好食欲 ②have a...appetite for對...有強烈的欲望③work up an appetite增強食欲 ④spoil/ruin one’s appetite壞了胃口;影響食欲21、entertainment n.娛樂;招待;娛樂活勱;文娛節目entertain vt.使快樂;給...娛樂;款待;招待;請客entertainer n.款待者;表演者;藝人entertaining adj.使人愉快的;有趣的①entertainment business娛樂界 ②provide the entertainment提供娛樂③the entertainment of friends招待朋友 ④entertain sb.with sth.用...娛樂某人22、leave behind留下;遺留;丟下;把……拋在后面;超過【拓展】有關leave的詞組①leave alone不管;別惹;讓...一個人待著 ②leave aside擱置一旁;不考慮③leave for動身去 ④leave off停止;中斷 ⑤leave out省略;遺漏;被冷落23、apart from除...之外(都);除...之外(還)【辨析】apart from/aside from/except for/besides/in addition to/as well as/but(1)apart from=aside from=except for除……之外,先說整體如何,再修正局部。(2)apart from=aside from=besides=in addition to/as well as,指的是包括在內的除外。(3)except/but指不包括在內的除外。24、feed on 以...為食; 以...為能源【拓展】有關feed的詞組①feed back反饋;反響 ②be fed up with討厭;厭煩③feed up給以充足的食物/飼料;不高興;討厭;膩了25、pick up 撿起,拿起,舉起/搭載;(開車)接人/(偶然)學會,得到/接收(信號、聲音、圖像等)/改善,好轉【拓展】有關pick的詞組 pick out挑選;辨別26、set out出發;啟程;(懷著目標)開始工作【拓展】有關set的詞組①set out to do sth.開始做某事 ②set about doing sth.著手做某事③set off出發,動身;導致;使爆炸 ④set up建立,創立;豎起⑤set aside留出;暫不考慮27、live off依靠...生活;以吃...為生(=live on);靠...供應【拓展】有關live的詞組①live on以食...為生;靠(...錢)生活;繼續活著,繼續存在 ②live by靠(手段、方式)為生③live a...life過著...生活 ④live through經歷...而并存 ⑤live up to符合;不辜負⑥live with忍叐,忍耐;不...一起生活28、in place在適當的位置,適當;準備就緒【拓展】有關place的詞組①out of place位置不當;不合適,不得體;格格不入 ②in place of...=in one’s place代替...③take the place of...=take one’s place代替... ④take place發生,進行 ⑤in the first place首先29、result in導致;引起【拓展】有關result的詞組①result from起因于,由...造成(后跟原因) ②as a result of因為,作為...的結果(后跟原因)③as a result結果,因此(后跟結果)30、fit into適合;合適;與...融為一體【拓展】有關fit的詞組①fit in相適應;相融和 ②fit in with sb.與某人合得來③fit in with sth.與...不沖突;與...相一致31、put on上演;演出(戲劇等);穿上;戴上;假裝,裝出【拓展】有關put的詞組①put aside不考慮;節省;儲蓄;儲存 ②put away放好;收拾好③put down放下;記下 ④put forward提出;推薦⑤put off脫下;推遲;延期 ⑥put out撲滅;生產;制造;培養⑦put up建造;張貼;丼起;搭建;提供食宿 ⑧put up with忍受;容忍32、on the move在行進中,在移動中33、up to達到(某數量、程度等);直到;不多于;(體力或智力上)能勝任34、upside down 顛倒,倒轉,翻轉Part2 Grammar動詞 ing 形式作主語一、關于動詞 ing形式的基本情況1、動詞 ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,包括現在分詞和動名詞兩種。動詞 ing形式在句中的語法作用:動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語,現在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補足語和定語。2、動詞 ing形式的時態和語態。主動語態 被動語態一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done二、動詞 ing形式作主語1、動詞 ing形式作主語動詞 ing形式作主語,往往表示經常性、習慣性的動作,通常置于句首。動名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。2、形式主語it代替動詞 ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有:It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪費時間It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事沒用/是值得的It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思3、動詞 ing形式和to do作主語時的區別。動詞 ing形式和to do都可以作主語。動詞 ing形式作主語表示比較抽象的一般行為,to do作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。三、動詞 ing的復合結構作主語(1)作主語的動詞 ing的復合結構的肯定形式為:形容詞性物主代詞/名詞的所有格+doing...。(2)作主語的動詞 ing的復合結構的否定形式為:形容詞性物主代詞/名詞的所有格+not doing...。Part3 Writing課文重點句1、Even though the sun is brightly shining,telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.(復合句)盡管陽光燦爛,也無法分辨是早晨還是晚上。2、Following the reindeer were the Sami people,who made this territory their home.在馴鹿之后來的是薩米人,他們在這片土地上安家落戶。3、If today is anything like yesterday,it will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley.如果今天和昨天差不多,那將會充滿汗水和艱辛,因為我要徒步跨越這片地形艱險的土地,到達峽谷另一端的目的地。4、However,I cannot complain.Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.但是,我不能抱怨。身處這樣一個美麗而荒涼的地方,我感到活著是幸運的。5、Here I am,alone under this broad sky,breathing the fresh air,and enjoying this great adventure.我獨自一人在這廣闊的天空下,呼吸著新鮮的空氣,享受著這偉大的冒險。6、Whichever and whatever you like,there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you.不論你喜歡哪一個,喜歡什么,總會有適合你的主題公園。7、Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and make your childhood dreams come true.迪斯尼會把你帶到魔幻的世界,使你的夢想變為現實。8、Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat.坐在美國東南部唯一仍在運轉的蒸汽機上是一種特殊的享受。9、If it is ocean entertainment that you are looking for,come to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom!(強調句)如果您想看海洋娛樂,就來奇美隆海洋王國吧!讀后續寫素材積累(3)情感描寫——緊張She laughed to hide her nervousness.她笑著掩飾自己的緊張。As he squeezed my hand tightly I got butterflies in my stomach.他緊緊抓住我的手時,我好緊張。He waited with baited breath for the test results.他屏住呼吸等待考試結果。His blood ran cold when she didn’t call.他沒有打電話過來,他非常害怕。The magician had the audience on the edge of their seats by the end of the show.直到表演的最后一秒,那個魔術師都緊扣觀眾心弦。You shouldn’t have done that.My heart skipped a beat.你不該那么做的,我嚇得心都漏了一拍。I become sweating bullets on the grounds that I heard a sound in the bush.因為聽到灌木叢里面有聲響,我嚇得汗像子彈一樣大。When I saw him passing by the teacher,I broke out for a cold sweat for him.當我看到他從老師身邊經過時,我真為他捏一把冷汗。Unit 4 Body languagePart 1 Word and Expressions1、vary vi.(根據情況)變化;改變various adj.各種各樣的variety n.種類;多樣化①vary with隨...而變化 ②vary in在...方面不同③vary from...to...由...到...變化 ④vary between...and...在...與...之間變化⑤a variety of(=varieties of=various)各種各樣的2、appropriate adj.合適的;恰當的appropriately adv.合適地;恰當地inappropriate adj.不合適①be appropriate for/to適合 ②It is appropriate(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)做某事是合適的。③It is appropriate that sb.(should)do...某人做...是合適的。3、approve vi.贊成;同意 vt.批準;通過approval n.批準;認可;贊成disapprove v.不批準;不贊成disapproval n.不贊成①approve of sth.同意/贊同某事 ②approve of one’s/sb.doing sth.同意/贊同某人做某事4、witness vt.當場看到;目擊;見證 n.目擊者;證人①be(a)witness to sth.目擊某事發生②bear/give witness to sth.為某事作證;證明某事5、employ vt.使用;應用;雇用employee n.雇員;雇工employer n.雇主employment n.工作;雇用;從業unemployment n.失業①employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 ②employ sb.as sth.雇用某人當……③be employed in(doing)sth.=employ oneself in(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事,從事某活動6、differ vi.相異;不同于different adj.不同的differently adv.不同地difference n.區別;不同之處①make a difference有影響 ②differ from與...不同/有區別(=be different from)③differ in在...方面不同 ④differ with sb.on/about/over sth.與某人在某事上持不同看法7、favour vt.較喜歡;選擇;有利于n.幫助;恩惠;贊同favourite adj.最喜歡的favoured adj.受到優待的;得到偏愛的favourable adj.贊成的;同意的;有利的;給人好印象的①do sb.a favour幫某人一個忙 ②ask sb.a favour=ask a favour of sb.請某人幫忙③owe sb.a favour欠某人一個人情 ④in favour of支持,贊同⑤in one’s favour對某人有利8、anger n.憤怒;怒氣 vt.使生氣;激怒angry adj.生氣的angrily adv.生氣地;氣憤地①in anger生氣地 ②show anger顯示憤怒;生氣 ③to one’s anger使某人生氣的是④be filled with anger(=be full of anger)充滿怒氣⑤contain/hold back one’s anger抑制某人的怒火⑥be angry with生……的氣 ⑦control one’s anger強壓怒火 ⑧anger sb.激怒某人9、reliable adj.可靠的;可信賴的rely vi.依賴;依靠①rely on sb.to do sth.依賴某人做某事 ②rely on it that...(=depend on it that...)相信……10、assessment n.評價;評定assess vt.評估;評價①assess sb./sth.as sth.評定……為…… ②assess sth.at sth.對……評價為……11、reveal vt.揭示;顯示;露出revealing adj.發人深省的;揭露性的;暴露的12、clarify vt.使更清晰易懂;闡明;澄清①clarify one’s position闡明某人的立場 ②clarify a situation/problem澄清情況/問題13、tendency n.趨勢;傾向tend v.傾向;易于①have a tendency to do sth.傾向于做某事 ②a tendency to/towards... ...的傾向/趨勢③tend to do sth.易于做某事,往往會發生某事 ④tend towards...有...的趨勢,傾向于...14、occupy vt.占據;占用occupied adj.被占用的;忙的occupation n.工作;職業;居住;占用①occupy oneself with(=be occupied with)忙于②occupy oneself(in)doing[=be occupied(in)doing]忙于15、stare vi.盯著看;凝視 n.凝視【拓展】各種“看”.①stare at盯著看 ②gaze at凝視 ③glare at怒視④glance at瞥一眼 ⑤look at看 ⑥fix one’s eyes on盯著看16、distinguish vi.&vt.區分;辨別distinguished adj.卓越的,顯著的,杰出的①distinguish(between)A and B區別/辨別A和B ②distinguish A from B使A有別于B③distinguish oneself by...靠...使自己有名氣④be distinguished for...(=be famous for...)因...而出名17、embarrassed adj.難堪的;尷尬的embarrass vt.使難堪;使尷尬embarrassing adj.令人尷尬的;令人難堪的embarrassment n.尷尬to one’s embarrassment令人尷尬的是18、ashamed adj.羞愧;慚愧①be ashamed of為...感到慚愧/羞恥 ②be ashamed to do sth.恥于做某事;因難為情而不愿做某事【辨析】ashamed與shameful(1)ashamed“感到羞恥的”,用來修飾人,多作表語(2)shameful“可恥的,丟臉的”,用來指事物或行為,多作定語19、bother vi.&vt.費心;麻煩;因...操心 n.麻煩;不便①bother sb.with sth.為某事打擾或麻煩某人 ②bother about/with sth.為某事煩惱③bother to do sth.費心做某事 ④It bothers sb.to do sth./that...使某人苦惱的是...20、conflict n.&vi.矛盾;沖突;抵觸conflicting adj.矛盾的①come into conflict with與...沖突;與...戰斗 ②in conflict with與...沖突,與...矛盾③A conflicts with B=A and B conflict A和B相沖突21、adjust vt.調整;調節 vi.&vt.適應;(使)習慣adjustable adj.可調節的adjustment n.調整,調節①adjust...to...根據...調節... ②adjust to(doing)sth.適應于;習慣于③adjust oneself to sth.使自己適應于某物 ④make adjustments to對...作出調整22、react vi.(對...)起反應;回應;(對食物等)有不良反應reaction n.反應①react to 對...做出反應 ②react with 與...發生化學反應23、by contrast相比之下(=in contrast)24、by comparison(與...)相比較【拓展】有關“compare”的詞組①make a comparison作比較 ②in comparison with與...相比③compare A with B把A和B進行比較 ④compare A to B把A比作B⑤compared with與...相比25、break down消除;分解;打破;(機器等)出故障;失敗【拓展】有關“break”的詞組①break up解散;破碎;結束 ②break through突破;沖破③break away(from)脫離;逃脫 ④break in強行進入;插話⑤break into強行進入(某處);突然開始(笑、唱等) ⑥break out(戰爭、火災等)爆發26、in other words換句話說;也就是說=namely=that is to say【拓展】有關“word”的詞組①in a word總之,簡言之 ②in words用語言③have a word with不……談話 ④have words with不……吵架⑤keep one’s word遵守諾言 ⑥break one’s word失信;不守諾言27、call on(短暫地)訪問;要求(某人講話等);正式邀請;號召【拓展】有關“call”的詞組①call for需要 ②call at拜訪某地 ③call up打電話;使想起④call back回電話 ⑤call off取消 ⑥call in召集;召來28、make inference推理;推斷29、straighten up直起來;整理;收拾整齊30、at work有某種影響;在工作Part2 Grammar動詞 ing形式作賓語和表語一、動詞 ing形式作賓語1、作動詞的賓語接動詞 ing形式作賓語的常用動詞(短語)有:avoid,miss,delay/put off避免錯過少延期 advise,finish,practise建議完成多練習enjoy,imagine,can't help喜歡想象禁不住 admit,deny,envy承認否定與嫉妒escape,risk,excuse逃避冒險莫原諒 stand,keep,mind忍受保持不介意2、作介詞的賓語在下面的短語中,常用動詞 ing形式作介詞的賓語:be good at,dream of,care about,be concerned about,be interested in,feel like,insist on,think of,aim at,set about,be used to;get down to;lead to;devote oneself to;look forward to;stick to;pay attention to。3.在以下結構中,動詞 ing形式作介詞的賓語,介詞常省略。spend...(in)doing花費……做某事have difficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困難/麻煩stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事waste time(in)doing浪費時間做某事be busy(in)doing忙于做某事have a good/hard time(in)doing高興做某事/費了很大勁做某事There is no point(in)doing做某事毫無意義4.動詞 ing形式作賓語時的幾個特殊情況(1)動詞 ing的復合結構。+動詞 ing【動詞 ing的復合結構的否定形式】形容詞性物主代詞/代詞(賓格)/名詞(賓格)/名詞's所有格+not doing...。(2)某些動詞及動詞短語后面既可以用不定式也可以用動詞 ing作賓語。①動詞begin,start,continue等詞后既可跟不定式,又可跟動詞 ing作賓語,意義基本相同。②動詞love,like,hate等后可跟動詞 ing和不定式作賓語,但接動詞 ing表示經常性的情況,接不定式表示具體的動作。③一些動詞后既可跟動詞 ing作賓語,又可跟不定式作賓語,但意義有很大差別。【對比記憶作賓語的動詞含義】 (3)用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是動詞 ing形式。其結構如下:主語++it++doing...(4)在動詞need,require,want,deserve后,用動詞 ing形式表示被動含義,即need/require/want/deserve doing=need/require/want/deserve to be done。(5)在(be)worth后面只能用動詞 ing形式來表示被動含義。二、動詞 ing形式作表語1、動名詞用作表語【辨析1】作表語用的動名詞和現在進行時態動名詞說明主語的情況或性質,其內容在邏輯上等于主語的內容;現在分詞說明動作是由主語完成的(即表示主語正在進行的動作)。【辨析2】動名詞(短語)和不定式(短語)作主語或表語的區別表示比較抽象、一般的行為,不跟特定的動作執行者聯系在一起時,多用動名詞(短語);表示具體某次行為、特別是將來的行為,往往跟特定的動作執行者聯系在一起時,多用不定式。但在多數情況下,兩者差別不太大,可以互用。2、現在分詞用作表語現在分詞作表語,總是跟在系動詞之后,構成復合謂語。現在分詞作表語,表示主語所具有的特征。許多作表語的現在分詞幾乎已經形容詞化,可以用副詞修飾,也可以有比較級形式。這類常見的現在分詞有amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,charming等。【注意】(1)現在分詞作表語時,系動詞除be外還有appear,sound,look,become,come,get,go,grow,keep,remain,seem等。(2)現在分詞作表語用時,相當于形容詞,表示性質或狀態;進行時態中的分詞是謂語動詞的組成部分,表示具體的動作,兩者不可混淆。Part3 Writing課文重點句1、In Japan,it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(狀語從句中的省略)在日本,和年長的人說話時目光向下以表示尊敬。2、Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means“sleep”.(狀語從句中的省略)雙手并攏放在頭的一側,同時閉上眼睛表示“睡覺”。3、And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義)而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨,沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。4、People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.(whatever引導名詞性從句)人們往往傾向于自己感興趣的東西。5、Whatever it is,I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.(whatever引導讓步狀語從句)不管是什么,我知道我需要調查和評估所發生的事情。6、Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(部分否定)當然,不是每個抬頭的人都專注于課堂。7、It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(with復合結構)他們好像睜著眼睛在睡覺。8、Students who are angry,afraid,or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed,like they are guarding their bodies.(have sth.done)生氣、害怕或者焦慮的學生會雙臂交叉抱在胸前,他們的腿并攏或交叉,就像他們在保護自己的身體。讀后續寫素材積累(4)情感描寫——恐懼I lay there quivering with fear.我躺在那里害怕得發抖。Frozen with fear,he was too scared to move an inch.他嚇得僵住了,嚇得寸步難行。Numb with a blank mind,they couldn't let out a scream anymore with palms sweating.由于頭腦一片空白,他們幾乎發不出聲并且手掌一直出汗。I become spooked from ghost stories and scary movies.我被鬼故事和恐怖電影嚇壞了。Last night,I dreamed about being chased by an angry dog.I really had my heart in my mouth.昨晚我夢到被一條瘋狗追,嚇得我心都提到嗓子眼了。That loud noise scared me out of my wit.那聲巨響把我的魂都嚇沒了。With heart fluttering with terror,without hesitation they rushed to the door,opened it and slammedly shut the wooden door as promptly as they could.他們嚇得心怦怦直跳,毫不猶豫地沖向門口,打開門,盡可能迅速地關上木門。That dog really scared the pants of me.那條狗真的把我嚇壞了。The horror movie made my hair stand on end.那部恐怖電影使我毛骨悚然。I was almost scared to death when there were intermittent footsteps outside the window.我差點嚇死了當窗戶外有斷斷續續的腳步聲。She trembled all over,feeling like sitting on pins and needles.她渾身顫抖,如坐針氈。Judy was scared silly,as she said.朱迪被嚇傻了,正如她所說。It's really creeping me out,I can't sleep at all.它真的讓我毛骨悚然,我根本睡不著。My face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied.我臉色蒼白,站在那兒舌頭打結。Judy said I should try Bungee,but I had cold feet.朱迪說我應該體驗一次蹦極,但我就是不敢。Stop shaking in your boots,Bob.I'm not going to fire you.別提心吊膽的,鮑勃,我不會炒了你的。Unit 5 Working The LandPart 1 Word and Expressions1、devote vt.把……獻(給);把……專用于;專心于①devote...to把……用于;獻身;致力;專心 ②be devoted to對……專一/專注③devote oneself to致力于,獻身于④devote one’s life/time/energy/attention to...把某人的生命/時間/精力/注意力奉獻于……【拓展】專心于,致力于①be lost in ②devote oneself to=be devoted to ③concentrate on ④be absorbed in ⑤focus on2、shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺short adj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的①a shortage of funds資金不足 ②fall short of sth.未達到;不符合③be short of缺乏,短缺 ④in short總之;簡言之3、yield vt.出產(作物);(產生收益、效益等) vi.屈服;讓步 vi.放棄;繳出 n.產量;產出;利潤①yield(to sth./sb.)屈服;讓步 ②yield sth./sb.(up)(to sb.)放棄;繳出③yield to sth.被...替代;為...所取代 ④a high crop yield作物豐收4、convince vt.使相信;使確信;說服convinced adj.確信的convincing adj.令人信服的,有說服力的①convince that...使某人相信…… ②convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事③convince to do sth.說服某人做某事 ④be convinced of/that...確信……5、attain vt.(經過努力)獲得;得到;達到(年齡、水平、狀況等)attainable adj.可獲得的;可達到的attainment n.達到;成就6、assumption n.假定;設定;(責任的)承擔;(權利的)獲得assume vt.假定;設想①assume...to be/as...假定……是……,認定……是…… ②assume that...假定……,認定……③make an assumption 假設; 認為 ④assume that...假設...⑤on the assumption that...在假定...的情況下⑥assume an air/expression of...裝出…的樣子/表情7、overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)克服;解決;戰勝overcome difficulties/one’s fear克服困難/某人的恐懼【辨析】overcome/beat/defeat/win(1)overcome強調克服困難、障礙等。(2)beat常指(在比賽或競爭中)贏(某人)。(3)defeat側重指在戰場上打敗敵人。(4)win后跟表示物的名詞,比如比賽、戰斗、獎金、獎品、金錢等。8、expand vt.&vi.擴大;增加 vt.擴展;發展(業務)①expand(...)into(把……)擴展/發展成…… ②expand on/upon詳述; 充分敘述【辨析】expand/enlarge/extend/spread(1)expand指范圍、體積的擴大、膨脹; (2)enlarge指面積、體積的擴大;(3)extend指長度、寬度的延伸及時間的延長;(4)spread指物種、疾病、思想、文化等的傳播、延伸。9、comprise vt.包括;包含;由……組成be comprised of包括;包含;由……組成(或構成)10、generate vt.產生;引起generation n.一代人;一代;一批;產生 adj.第…代的generator n.發電機11、urban adj.城市的;市鎮的urbanization n.都市化,城市化12、reality n.現實;實際情況;事實①in reality實際上,事實上 ②face/accept reality面對/接受現實③lose touch with reality脫離現實 ④become a reality成為現實⑤The reality is that...實際情況是……【拓展】事實上,實際上①in reality ②in truth ③in fact④in actual fact ⑤as a matter of fact ⑥actually13、alleviate vt.減輕;緩解alleviation n.減輕;緩解;緩和;鎮痛物14、digest vt.消化食物;領悟,融匯貫通 vi.消化 n.摘要;文摘digestion n.消化digestive adj.消化的;易消化的15、alternative n.可供選擇的事物 adj.(僅用于名詞前)可供替代的,可供選擇的;非傳統的①have no alternative/choice but to do...別無選擇,只能這么做...②can’t choose but to do...做出選擇,只能去做... ③alternative energy替代性能源④alternative ways/approaches/methods其他的方法 ⑤alternative suggestions可供選擇的建議16、depth n.向下(戒向里)的距離;深(度)deep adj.深的.deeply adv.很深地;深刻地deepen v.變深①in depth全面,深入,詳細 ②at a depth of 30 metres在30米的深處③a metre/foot in depth一米/一英尺深17、be known as作為……而出名;被稱為……【拓展】有關“known”的詞組①be known/famous as作為……而出名 ②be known/famous for因……而出名③be known to為……所知 ④It is well-known that...眾所周知……⑤as is known to all/as we all know/as everyone knows...眾所周知……18、varieties of許多的;各種各樣的(=a variety of)【拓展】有關“vary”的知識①vary v.相異;變化. various adj.各種各樣的 variety n.多種多樣;多樣化;種類②vary from…to…由……到……不等 ③vary with隨……而變化④vary in在……方面不同19、far from完全不,并非(后接名詞、動名詞戒“being+形容詞”,being可省略)far from it(口)完全相反,并非如此20、make use of利用;使用【拓展】充分利用①make+full/good+use+of ②make+the best/the most+use+of21、make up one’s mind下決心,決定【拓展1】有關“mind”的詞組①bear/keep...in mind記住……;考慮到…… ②keep one’s mind on...把注意力集中于……③be/go out of one’s mind心智失常,發瘋 ④lose one’s mind失去理智⑤change one’s mind改變主意【拓展2】決定做某事,下決心做某事①make up one’s mind to do sth. ②decide to do sth.③be determined to do sth.22、in turn相應地;轉而;依次;輪流【拓展】有關“turn”的詞組①take turns to do/in doing sth.輪流做某事 ②It’s one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事了③by turns輪流地,交替地23、focus on關注,聚焦于【拓展】注意①focus one’s attention/mind on集中某人的注意力/心思于……②fix one’s attention on把某人的注意力集中于 ③concentrate on集中(注意力、精力)于④pay attention to注意 ⑤put one’s heart into全神貫注于24、deep down 在內心深處;本質上;實際上25、for instance例如;比如Part2 Grammar主語從句一、主語從句的基本用法1、主語從句的引導詞類別 例詞 說明從屬連詞 that,whether 兩者在從句中均不作成分,只起連接作用;that無實義,whether表示“是否”。連接代詞 who,what,which,whoever,whatever等 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。連接副詞 when,where,how,why等 在從句中作時間、地點、方式、原因狀語等成分。【主語從句中連接詞的選擇技巧】(1)根據連接詞在從句中所作的語法成分。(2)根據連接詞在從句中的意義。2、it作形式主語為保持句子平衡,常把主語從句后置,而用形式主語it代替。it作形式主語時常用于以下句型:句型 說明It+系動詞+形容詞+主語從句 常用于此句型的形容詞有important,(un)likely,possible, necessary,natural,wrong等。It+系動詞+名詞+主語從句 常用于此句型的名詞有fact,idea,honour,question,pity等。It+系動詞+過去分詞+主語從句 常用于此句型的過去分詞,有known,proved,said,decided,suggested,thought等。It+不及物動詞+主語從句 常用于此句型的動詞有appear,happen,seem,occur,matter等。【注意】(1)在“It+be+過去分詞+主語從句”結構中,過去分詞若suggested/ordered/required/advised等,主語從句中的謂語用“(should)do”。(2)在“It+be+形容詞+主語從句”結構中,若形容詞為important/necessary/strange等,主語從句中的謂語用“(should)do”。二、主語從句中應注意的問題1、從句要用陳述語序2、主謂一致(1)從句作主語時,主句的謂語一般用單數形式。what引導主語從句時,有時主句謂語動詞應與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致。(2)如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復數;由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時,謂語動詞用單數。Part3 Writing課文重點句1、Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.(“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句)確實,他瘦削但結實的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻了一生的千千萬萬的中國農民一樣。2、Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(given+that從句)考慮到雜交水稻已經使袁隆平變得相當富有,人們可能認為他會退休享受閑適的生活。3、Yet,he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然而,他認為自己是個農民,因為他在不斷地研究耕種土地。4、Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...據估算,現在中國國內消費的大米有大約百分之六十來自袁隆平的雜交水稻...5、Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.袁隆平的創新不僅幫助了中國, 也幫助了許多其他依賴大米的國家。6、As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually too fast to be grow rich in nutrition.至于化肥,用它們種植的作物通常生長得太快,無法提供豐富的營養。7、What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(同位語從句)阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學農業滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求。讀后續寫素材積累(5)情感描寫——憤怒A look of pure hatred flashed across her face.她臉上閃過一種仇恨的表情。His voice was quivering/trembling with rage.他的聲音因憤怒而顫抖。Sobbing with rage,Carol was taken to the hospital.卡羅爾氣得抽泣起來,被送進了醫院。His face was red with rage.他氣得臉都紅了。I was fraught with almost insupportable rage.我心中充滿了幾乎無法忍受的憤怒。The teacher flipped his lid when the student didn't know the answer to a very elementary question.當這個學生連一個很基本的問題都不會時,老師大發雷霆。I was seized by fury.我勃然大怒。I flew into a rage.我勃然大怒。His face was gloomy with anger.他氣得臉色陰沉.He said nothing and left the room in a huff.他啥也沒說怒氣沖沖離開了房間。He got hot under the collar because he was framed.他被人陷害了,所以很生氣。If you blow up at someone,you lose your temper and shout at them.如果你對某人發火,你就會發脾氣,對他們大喊大叫。Mack suddenly blew his stack when he was teased by his classmates again and again.麥克突然大發雷霆因為他被他的同學一次又一次地捉弄。George's father will raise the roof when he hear what his son has done.如果喬治的父親知道喬治做了什么,他一定會大發雷霆。I almost lost my temper when I saw the scene.當我看到這幅景象我差點就發脾氣了。Unit 1 People of Achievement1.commit vt.做出(錯或非法的事);犯(罪或錯等);承諾;保證 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→committed adj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的→commitment n.投入;奉獻;承諾2.academy n.(藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院;學會;專科院校→academic adj.學業的;學術的3.botanical adj.植物學的→botany n.植物學4.evaluate vt.評價;評估→evaluation n.評價;評估5.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區別的→distinction n.區別;差別6.analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析7.scientific adj.科學(上)的;關于科學的→science n.科學→scientist n.科學家8.conclusion n.結論;推論→conclude vt.斷定;推斷出9.novelist n.小說家→novel n.(長篇)小說 adj.新穎的;珍奇的10.found vt.創建;建立;把……建立在→foundation n創建;基金會→founder n.創建者;創始人11.politician n.政治家;從政者;政客→politics n.政治→political adj.政治的12.gentle adj.溫柔的;文靜的→gently adv.溫柔地;溫和地13.passion n.酷愛;激情→passionate adj.有激情的14.consequence n.結果;后果→consequent adj.隨之發生的;作為結果的→consequently adv.結果;因此;所以15.professor n.教授→profession n.職業,行業→professional adj.職業的 n.專業人士Unit2 Looking into the future1.persuade vt.勸說;說服→persuasive adj.有說服力的→persuasion n.說服2.distant adj.遙遠的;遠處的;疏遠的;心不在焉的→distance n.距離3.secure adj.安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.獲得;拴牢;保護→security n.安全;保護措施4.automatic adj.自動的→automatically adv.自動地5.integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并;成為一體→integrated adj.各部分密切協調的;綜合的6.efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n.效率;效能7.preference n.愛好;偏愛→prefer vt.更喜歡;寧愿8.obey vi.& vt.服從;遵守→disobey vi.& vt.不服從9.warning n.警告;警示;先兆→warn vt.警告10.abnormal adj.不正常的;反常的→normal adj.正常的11.critical adj.嚴重的;關鍵的;批判性的→critic n.評論家→criticize vt.批評;評論→critically adv.批判性地12.potential adj.可能的;潛在的 n.潛力;可能性→potentially adv.潛在地;可能地13.electrical adj.電的;用電的→electric adj.電的;電動的;用電的→electricity n.電;電學;電流14.fantasy n.幻想;想象→fantastic adj.極好的15.detect vt.發現;查明→detective n.偵探16.relevant adj.有關的;有意義的→irrelevant adj.不相關的→relevantly adv.相關地17.crime n.犯罪活動;不法行為→criminal n.罪犯;犯人 adj.刑事的;犯罪的18.combine vt.& vi.(使)結合;混合→combination n.結合;聯合19.predict vt.預測;預言;預料→prediction n.預測;預言20.occupation n.職業;占領→occupy vt.占據;占用;使忙于(做某事)→occupied adj.被占領的;使用中;忙于21.oppose vt.反對;抵制;阻撓→opposed adj.反對的→opposite adj.對面的;相反的→opposition n.反對22.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席→absent adj.缺席的;不在的;缺乏的23.emphasis n.強調;重視;重要性→emphasize vt.強調24.luxury n.奢華→luxurious adj.奢侈的25.resist vi.& vt.抵制;反抗;抵擋→resistance n抵制;反對;抗拒→resistant adj.反抗的;抵制的26.accurate adj.精確的;準確的→accurately adv.精確地;準確地→accuracy n.精確性27.librarian n.圖書管理員;圖書館館長→library n.圖書館Unit 3 Fascinating Parks1.visible adj.看得見的;可見的→invisible adj.看不見的→vision n.視力;視覺2.bless vt.祝福→blessing n.幸事;祝福3.prohibition n.禁止;阻止;禁令→prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止4.journalist n.新聞記者;新聞工作者→journal n.日志;雜志5.rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的→reward vt.報答;酬勞;獎賞6.cycle n.自行車;摩托車;循環 vi.騎自行車→cyclist n.騎自行車的人7.appeal vi.有吸引力;呼吁;懇求;上訴 n.吸引力;呼吁;上訴;請求→appealing adj.有吸引力的;懇求的8.adorable adj.可愛的;討人喜愛的→adore vt.熱愛;喜愛9.amusement n.娛樂(活動);愉悅→amuse vt.(提供)消遣;(使)娛樂→amusing adj.逗人笑的;有樂趣的→amused adj.逗樂的;覺得好笑的10.fashion n.時尚;時興;流行款式→fashionable adj.時尚的11.rare adj.稀少的;珍貴的;(肉)半熟的→rarely adv.罕有;很少12.entertainment n.娛樂;招待;娛樂活動;文娛節目→entertain vt.招待;款待;使歡樂→entertaining adj.使人愉快的;有趣的→entertainer n.表演者;藝人Unit 4 Body Language1.interaction n.交流;相互影響→interact vi.相互交流;相互影響2.vary vi.(根據情況)變化;改變→various adj.不同的;各種各樣的→variety n多樣性;變化;種類3.approve vi.贊成;同意 vt.批準;通過→approval n.贊成;同意;批準→approving adj.贊許的;贊成的4.employ vt.使用;應用;雇用→employee n.雇員;受雇者→employer n.雇主;雇用者→employment n.雇用;聘用5.differ vi.相異;不同于→different adj.不同的;有差異的→difference n.差別;差異6.favour vt.較喜歡;選擇;有利于 n.幫助;恩惠;贊同→favorable adj.贊成的;有利的7.anger n憤怒;怒氣 vt.使生氣;激怒→angry adj.生氣的;憤怒的→angrily adv.生氣地;憤怒地8.reliable adj.可靠的;可信賴的→rely vi.依賴;信賴9.slight adj.輕微的;略微的;細小的→slightly adv.略微;稍微10.assess vt.評估;評價→assessment n.評價;評定11.educator n.教師;教育工作者;教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受過教育的;有教養的→education n.教育12.tendency n.趨勢;傾向→tend vt.& vi.照料;護理 vi.傾向于;有……的趨勢13.barely adv.幾乎不;勉強才能;剛剛→bare adj.赤裸的;光禿禿的;空的14.occupy vt.占據;占用→occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占領的→occupation n占領;職業15.distinguish vi.& vt.區分;辨別→distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的16.anxiety n.焦慮;擔心;害怕→anxious adj.憂慮的;焦慮的;渴望的→anxiously adv.焦慮地17.embarrassed adj.難堪的;尷尬的→embarrassing adj.使人難堪的;令人尷尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫;使尷尬18.ashamed adj.羞愧;慚愧→shame n.羞恥;羞愧;讓人遺憾的事→shameful adj.可恥的→shameless adj.無恥的;沒廉恥的19.inquire/enquire vi.& vt.詢問;打聽→inquiry/enquiry n.詢問;調查20.adjust vt.調整;調節 vi.& vt.適應;(使)習慣→adjustable adj.可調整的;可調節的→adjustment n.調整;調節;適應21.react vi.(對……)起反應;回應;(對食物等)有不良反應→reaction n.反應;副作用Unit 5 Working the Land1.devote vt.把……獻(給);把……專用于;專心于→devotion n.奉獻;忠誠;摯愛2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.短的;矮的;缺乏的;簡略的3.convince vt.使相信;使確信;說服→convincing adj.有說服力的;使人信服的→convinced adj.確信的;堅信的4.assumption n.假定;設定;(責任的)承擔;(權力的)獲得→assume v.假定;設想→assuming conj.假定;假設5.expand vt.& vi.擴大;增加 vt.擴展;發展(業務)→expansion n.擴大;擴張;擴充6.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消費→consume vt.消耗;消費;吃;喝→consumer n.消費者;用戶;客戶7.salty adj.含鹽的;咸的→salt n.鹽8.extension n.擴建部分;擴大;電話分機→extend vt.伸開;展開;延伸9.chemical adj.與化學有關的;化學的 n.化學制品;化學品→chemistry n.化學→chemically adv.化學上地→chemist n.化學家;藥劑師10.nutritional adj.營養(物)的→nutritious adj.有營養的;營養豐富的→nutrition n.營養;滋養11.depth n.向下(或向里)的距離;深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地;強烈地→deepen vt.加深;(使)變深12.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj.全部的;完全的9 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫