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(共41張PPT)
Unit 4
UNIT 4
ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Learn about optimism and perseverance
To read and understand the article
To write an essay about the story of Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance
This is a continuation of the story of Shackleton’s men who were left on Elephant Island. In Pairs, predict what happened the crew members. Then read the
memoir to see
if your
predictions
were correct.
THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE
What problems would the people remaining on Elephant Island face
What do you think was the biggest challenge for them
How long do you think they had stayed on the island
Were they finally rescued
I predict that the crew members struggled with keeping warm in the terrible conditions. They also would have found it hard to find food and make fire. The ice would have been moving and breaking too, which would be very dangerous. I predict that Shackleton would be successful in rescuing his men, though I am not sure if all of them survived for that long.
1. What did the men eat and drink on the island
2. What were the dangers of living on the island
Read the text again and answer the following questions.
The men ate the meat of sea creatures and drank water from melted ice.
The dangers of living on the island were the changing temperatures, lack of food and water, and the black smoke from burning animal fat.
How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
The men stayed in good spirits by being disciplined and staying positive. They celebrated birthdays, festivals, and every time when they caught a sea animal.
What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
I think the key reasons for their survival were their discipline and positive mental attitude, as well as the reliability of Shackleton.
5. If you were one of the men on Elephant Island, would you have trusted Shackleton Why or why not
I would have trusted Shackleton as he was a man of honour and would do all he possibly could to save us.
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
Background of the story
______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ on the island
Problems they faced
__________________________
_____________
_____________
____________
Solutions
Shackleton and five members left Elephant Island to look for rescue while other crew members stayed
got drinking water
made fire
food problem
were ill
_________ ice from the ocean
Solutions
the only fuel they could use was _________
varied the meals of ____ _________
not to go _________
__________________________
_____________
_____________
____________
got drinking water
made fire
food problem
were ill
Things that helped
____________, _____________, and ____________ of birthdays, festivals, and small achievements
Result: ______________________
melted
animal fat
sea
animals
outside
discipline team spirit celebration
they were finally rescued
How would you describe Shackleton Why
What qualities of Shackleton make you trust him or not trust him
Do you think he would abandon the crew on the island
Can you explain in your own words how he earned the other members’ trust
If you were Shackleton, what would you do
1. What if they were delayed
What if … 如果……會怎么樣呢？(=What would happen if… )
1) 表示假設
“假若……”“假若……怎么辦”“要是……將會怎么樣”
可用陳述語氣(一般現在時)，也可用虛擬語氣(一般過去時或“should+動詞原形”)。
若是針對過去的情況，從句則用過去完成時。
e.g. What if it rains when we can’t get to school on time
What if the boss came tomorrow instead of this afternoon
3) 表示不重要，“就算……那又怎樣”
通常與so連用, So what if = So what
e.g. So what if he gave up the election. Who cares
—I’m afraid it’s too expensive.
—So what We’ve plenty of money.
2) 表示邀請或建議，“如果……怎么樣”“如果……如何”
e.g. What if you join us for lunch
【語境應用】完成句子。
1) ______________________________ (如果機器人壞掉怎么辦) right as it is serving hot soup or tea
2) _______________________________ (要是我們把沙發挪到這邊來會怎么樣) Would that look better
3) ______________ (就算……那又怎樣) nobody else agrees with me
What if the robot breaks down
What if we moved the sofa over here
So what if
2. There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat.
There be + 主語 + doing (表示主動和進行)
e.g. There are 300 people moving to the new factory in the south.
There be + 主語 + 非謂語動詞
后置定語修飾主語
【注意】當主語與其后的不定式是被動關系時，不定式用主動語態和被動語態均可，有些沒有意義上的區別，有些則有區別。
2) There be + 主語 + done (表示被動或完成)
e.g. In this book, there are passages learnt before.
3) There will be + 主語 + to do (表示動作尚未發生)
e.g. There will be some problems to discuss at the conference.
【語境應用】完成句子。
1) There are some citizens ____________________________ (站在畫廊前).
2) There is a red car ______________________ (停在房子外面).
3) ______________________ (無事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
standing in front of the gallery
parked outside the house
There is nothing to do
3. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
1) pay back to give sb. the money that you owe them
償還
to make sb. suffer for doing sth. wrong or
unpleasant 報復
e.g. Did he ever pay you back that $100 he owed you
You may think you can get away with neglecting your responsibilities, but events will pay you back.
pay down 用現金支付; 付訂金
pay for 為……付錢；為……付出代價
pay off 償清, 付清；成功；奏效；達到目的
pay up (尤指不情愿地) 全部還清, 付清
【語境應用】單句語法填空。
1) He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay _______ everything he had stolen.
2) Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay _______ it.
3) Her years of hard training paid _______ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
4) We claimed a refund(退款) from the association, but they would not pay _______.
back
for
off
up
2) commitment n.
a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular way
承諾
make a commitment 做出承諾
the hard work and loyalty that sb. gives to an organization, activity etc
(對某一組織、某項活動等的) 投入, 忠誠, 奉獻
e.g. We’ve made a commitment to help them, and we will.
We’re looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.
commit vt. 犯罪; 承諾; 全身心投入; 花(時間、金錢等)
commit to (doing) sth. / to do sth.
commit oneself 承擔義務; 做出承諾; 說出肯定的意見
committed adj. 堅定的; 忠誠的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承諾做某事
【語境應用】完成句子。
1) When taken to the police station for questioning, the man said, “I have never __________ ________ ________ (犯任何罪).”
2) She has ___________ ________ ________ ________ (答應去看) a doctor at once.
3) They’ll have to ________ ________ ________ (花更多的錢) to the project if they want it to succeed.
4) They have ________ ________ _____________ (作出承諾) to keep working together to cope with the issue.
made a commitment
committed any crime
committed herself to seeing
commit more money
4. When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
such … that … 如此……以至于……
such + a (n) + adj. + 可數名詞單數 + that …
such + adj. + 可數名詞復數 + that …
such + adj. + 不可數名詞 + that …
e.g. This is such a useful dictionary that I’m thinking of buying it.
They are such fine teachers that we all have great respect for them.
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
e.g. Susan was so exhausted that she couldn’t eat dinner.
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
He has so many books that I can’t count them.
There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all.
so … that…
so + adj./adv. + that …
so + adj. + a(n) + 可數名詞單數 + that …
so + many/few + 可數名詞復數 + that …
so + much/little(少) + 不可數名詞 + that …
【注意】
1) so + adj. + a(n) + 可數名詞單數 + that
= such + a(n) + 可數名詞單數 + that
e.g. It’s so difficult a problem that nobody can solve it.
=It’s such a difficult problem that nobody can solve it.
2) 在so/such … that …結構中，當 so/such … 置于句首時，要用部分倒裝結構。
e.g. Such was the force of the eruption that the whole town was covered with ash.
【語境應用】單句語法填空。
1) It was _______ noisy that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
2) It was _______ nice weather that we were able to have lunch in the garden.
3) He earned _______ little money that he couldn’t support his family.
4) It was _______ good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
5) It was _______ a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home.
so
such
so
so
such
Based on the diary entries and the memoir you have read, write an essay about the story of Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance.
Read the story again and think about the following questions. Make notes with your answers.
* How does the author describe Shackleton and his crew members
* What kind of relationship did Shackleton have with his crew
* What struggles did they face
* What were the motives (n. 動機) for their actions
* What did you like most about the story
Struggles Actions in response Motives Members involved My feelings and comments
Shipwreck *Rescue most essential supplies *Throw away personal belongings To survive Everyone on the ship Shackleton was a very calm and experienced explorer and leader. The crew kept good discipline.
2. Begin your essay with a brief summary of the story. Remember to include who, what, where, when, why, and how.
who
when
where
how
Main content
what
why
3. Use your notes and cite examples to explain what you think about the characters.
4. End your essay by talking about how the story made you feel, and give your overall impressions of the expedition and the men who went on it. Explain why you feel this way.
Paragraph 1
Summary of the whole story (who, what, when, where, how, why)
What I think about the characters in the story (struggles they faced, their actions and motives, my comments)
Paragraph 2
How the story made me feel and my overall impressions of the expedition
Paragraph 3
This story is about the 1914 —1916 expedition by Ernest Shackleton to make the first land crossing of Antarctica. For this task he used the ship, Endurance, with a 28-man crew, including one stowaway.
Shackleton is described as calm and brave and takes his crew’s safety very seriously. The rest of the crew are also brave, though a few are not very positive, and all were at times understandably worried and desperate about their situation.
Overall though, they remained positive. This was helped by the good relationship Shackleton had with his crew who trusted him and knew he would do his best to save them.
The crew faced great troubles once Endurance got stuck in the ice. Soon they had to abandon the ship and camp on the ice. They had to face the extreme weather and cold as well as a dangerous environment and all with limited supplies. All of this added to the mental challenge, so they had to maintain a positive state of mind.
Shackleton’s motive was always to make sure his crew survived, and theirs was to last until he had found help.
What I like most about this story is that although their expedition failed in achieving its goal, it was not the disaster it could have been. This was due to Shackleton’s perseverance in getting help and the crew’s bravery in surviving for so long. My impression of them is very positive as they must have struggled greatly in such a position of adversity. I felt very happy when I learnt that the whole crew survived.
Exchange drafts with a partner. Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner’s draft.
Checklist
Does the essay contain the main points in the story
Is the essay written in the writer’s own words
Does the writer give his/her opinion about the story
Does the writer present his/her ideas clearly by using
linking words and phrases
Get your draft back and revise it with the help of your group members and what you have learnt from checking others’ writings. Then put up your essay in your classroom or read it to the class.(共29張PPT)
Unit 4
UNIT 4
ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Learn how to handle challenges
To learn to talk about the situations and challenges the sailors would meet in the Antarctic
To master some important words and sentence patterns
To talk about whether a person is suitable for a certain job
1. What can you see in the picture
2. When and where do you think the smaller picture was taken
3. What were the people in the small picture doing
Look at the picture and discuss:
Shackleton and a team tried to sail to another island to find help. Look at the picture below and discuss the challenges you think they faced.
South Georgia Island
South Georgia Island is a sub-Antarctic island administered by the United Kingdom as part of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Looking at the landscape in the picture I think Shackleton and his team would have faced many challenges. First of all, it was very cold and there was snow and ice everywhere. The area is also very mountainous, so they would have had to climb with their essentials. It would also be hard to know where they were going as the place is very large and all looks the same. On top of the physical challenges, they would have had great mental challenges facing those conditions and not knowing what to expect and whether they would succeed.
Listen to one of the team members talk about the rescue plan and their journey. Complete the summary.
The team consisted of _______ members. They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the ________ side of South Georgia Island. Later they climbed over the mountains and __________ the whaling station. Later, Shackleton arranged for a rescue boat to return to _________ Island. Luckily, everyone was _________.
six
wrong
arrived at
Elephant
still alive
Identify cause and effect
During a talk, a speaker can talk about cause and effect. Causes are often introduced with phrases like Due to …, The reason for this is …, and because …, while effects are introduced by phrases like That’s why …, This means …,
… so as to …, so that ….
as, since, as a result, caused, resulted, affected, effect, because of, owing to …
Cause: “事情發生的原因” (the reason why something happens)
Effect : “由于原因而發生的事情” (what happens because of the cause)。
cause and effect
1. Why was it necessary for Shackleton to travel to South Georgia Island
2. Why was it important to include a navigator in the team
3. Why did Shackleton choose the most difficult and unfriendly men to join the rescue mission
4. Why did Shackleton look extremely old
Listen again and answer these questions.
1. Why was it necessary for Shackleton to travel to South Georgia Island
2. Why was it important to include a navigator in the team
Shackleton had to travel to South Georgia Island to get help to rescue the rest of his crew.
It was important to include a navigator so they would know where they were going and not get lost.
3. Why did Shackleton choose the most difficult and unfriendly men to join the rescue mission
4. Why did Shackleton look extremely old
Shackleton chose him because he wanted the crew left behind to remain cheerful and positive and the man would have had a negative influence on the crew.
Shackleton looked extremely old because of the conditions but also because he was very worried about the fate of his crew left behind.
Which two sailors do you think Shackleton chose to join the rescue team Look at the list below and discuss in groups who you think should join the team.
1. Frank Wild
2. Frank Worsley
3. Tom Crean
4. Hubert Hudson
5. Thomas Orde-Lees
Name
* good leader
* experienced in exploring the Antarctic
*excellent navigator
*experienced sailor
*second officer
*experienced in living in the Antarctic
*navigator
*best at catching penguins
*efficient store keeper
*motor expert
*excellent skier
Skills
loyal, kind, and calm
odd behaviour at times,
but liked by crew
strong, energetic, and brave
friendly and lively
selfish, lazy, and bad-tempered
Qualities
Who should join the rescue team
The expressions in the box below may help you with your discussion.
Exploring options
What do you think (about) …
How do you feel (about) …
Let’s look at …
What / How about …
Any ideas
What are the alternatives
Let’s move on to the next candidate.
Should we move on to the next one
Asking for input
What do you think (about) …
How do you feel (about) …
Any ideas
What are the alternatives
Exploring options
Let’s look at Option 1.
What (do you think) about …
How about the third alternative
Let’s consider …’s proposal.
Moving on
Let’s move on to …
What about …
Let’s look at the fourth choice.
How about …’s idea
Should we move on to the next one
Before we move on, we need to consider ...
A: We have to decide on which two sailors Shackleton chose for his rescue team. Let’s look at Frank Wild.
B: He is a good leader and is experienced in exploring the Antarctic. So, I think he’s suitable to join the rescue team.
C: Hmm, I think we should move on to the next sailor. According to Perce’s diary entries, Frank Wild was left with the other crew members on Elephant Island.
A: I agree. Let’s move on to the next candidate. What do you think about Frank Worsley
B: Well, he is ….
A: OK, we need to choose the two sailors that joined Shackleton’s rescue team. Let’s look at our choices.
B: So how about Frank Wild and Tom Crean They were both experienced in exploring and living in the Antarctic, and they also had many good qualities, such as being kind and strong.
C: Yes, but look at Perce’s diary. Frank wild stayed on Elephant Island with the others. So we can cross him off our list.
B: Oh, yes, well spotted. Then what about Tom Crean Anyone have any ideas
A: Well, he was good at living in the Antarctic, so maybe he stayed on the island to help, but I think his strength and bravery meant that Shackleton would have chosen him for the dangerous mission.
B: Agreed, so one choice is Tom Crean. OK, let’s move on to another candidate. How do you feel about Frank Worsley
A: I think he is a good choice because he was an excellent navigator.
C: I agree. The rescue team needed a good navigator. He could be our second choice.
B: But what about Hubert Hudson He was also good at navigating.
A: Yes, but he was also the best at catching penguins, so I think he would have stayed on the island with the others so they had enough to eat.
C: Sounds reasonable. But we should also look at Thomas Orde-Lees. He was an excellent skier, so maybe he could be helpful on the mission.
B: Hmm… maybe, but I think he didn’t have as much to offer as Frank and Tom. Besides, Perce complained about him in his diary, so I think he probably stayed on the island.
A: I agree, so let’s choose Frank and Tom.
What problems would the rescue team probably face Whose skills and qualities can best help solve these problems
What problems would the people remaining on Elephant island face Whose skills and qualities can best help solve these problems
After you have selected your two sailors, present your choice to the class.
My group chooses Frank Worsley and Tom Crean as two members for the rescue team. Frank Worsley was an excellent navigator, so he could use his skills to guide them across the dangerous sea. Tom Crean was strong, energetic, and brave, so he would be very useful on the dangerous mission.
Suppose you are Shackleton and you are going to choose two sailors to join the rescue team, who would be your first choice
Why
Write your choice as Shackleton and your reasons.
Preview the article THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE on pages 44-45 and underline the sentences you like.

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