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小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：形容詞與副詞全解析及練習(xí)
1、定義及基本用法
形容詞：主要用來(lái)修飾名詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。例如：a beautiful flower（一朵美麗的花），“beautiful” 是形容詞，修飾 “flower”。
副詞：主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念 。例如：She runs fast.（她跑得很快），“fast” 是副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞 “runs”。
2、形容詞和副詞的詞形區(qū)別
許多副詞是由形容詞加 -ly 構(gòu)成的，比如：quick（形容詞，快速的） - quickly（副詞，快速地）；careful（形容詞，仔細(xì)的） - carefully（副詞，仔細(xì)地）。但也有一些例外，如：fast 既是形容詞也是副詞，如：a fast car（一輛速度快的車，形容詞）；He runs fast.（他跑得快，副詞） 。
3、在句子中的位置區(qū)別
形容詞位置：一般放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)；放在系動(dòng)詞（如 be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel 等）后作表語(yǔ)。例如：It's a red apple.（作定語(yǔ)，紅色的蘋果）；The apple tastes sweet.（作表語(yǔ)，嘗起來(lái)很甜） 。
副詞位置：修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常放在動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞或其他副詞時(shí)，放在它們之前；表示頻率的副詞（如 always, often, usually, sometimes, never 等），一般放在行為動(dòng)詞前，be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。例如：He plays basketball well.（修飾動(dòng)詞 “plays”，放在其后）；She is very beautiful.（修飾形容詞 “beautiful”，放在之前）；He always goes to school by bike.（“always” 放在行為動(dòng)詞 “goes” 前）。
4、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)
規(guī)則變化：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)一般加 -er，最高級(jí)加 -est，如：tall - taller - tallest；以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的詞，直接加 -r 或 -st，如：nice - nicer - nicest；以 “輔音字母 + y” 結(jié)尾的詞，變 y 為 i，再加 -er 或 -est，如：happy - happier - happiest；部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞，在詞前加 more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加 most 構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如：beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful。
不規(guī)則變化：如 good/well - better - best；bad/badly - worse - worst；many/much - more - most 等。比較級(jí)用于兩者之間的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為 “A + 動(dòng)詞 + 比較級(jí) + than + B”；最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為 “A + 動(dòng)詞 + the + 最高級(jí) + 范圍” 。
形容詞和副詞練習(xí)題
The flower smells ______ (sweet/sweetly).
She dances ______ (beautiful/beautifully).
He is a ______ (careful/carefully) boy.
The old man walks ______ (slow/slowly).
The music sounds ______ (wonderful/wonderfully).
Tom runs ______ (fast/fastly).
The soup tastes ______ (delicious/deliciously).
She speaks English ______ (fluent/fluently).
It's a ______ (heavy/heavily) box.
The rain is falling ______ (heavy/heavily).
The story is very ______ (interest/interesting).
He looks at me ______ (angry/angrily).
The girl is ______ (quiet/quietly).
He works ______ (hard/hardly).
The movie is ______ (excite/exciting).
She sings ______ (good/well).
The boy is ______ (lucky/luckily).
He writes ______ (neat/neatly).
The day is ______ (sun/sunny).
The wind is blowing ______ (strong/strongly).
The problem seems ______ (easy/easily).
They are ______ (happy/happily) children.
She plays the piano ______ (bad/badly).
The food smells ______ (terrible/terribly).
He is ______ (quick/quickly) at math.
The car is running ______ (smooth/smoothly).
The teacher is ______ (patient/patiently) with us.
The weather is ______ (cloud/cloudy).
She dresses ______ (pretty/prettily).
The boy is ______ (clever/cleverly).
He runs ______ (slow/slowly) than his brother.
The book is ______ (interesting/more interesting) than that one.
She speaks English ______ (good/better) than me.
This is the ______ (bad/worst) movie I have ever seen.
He works ______ (hard/harder) than before.
The weather today is ______ (nice/nicer) than yesterday.
She is ______ (beautiful/more beautiful) among the girls.
The story is ______ (funny/funnier) than I thought.
He drives ______ (careful/more carefully) than his friend.
This is the ______ (delicious/most delicious) cake I've ever tasted.
The girl dances ______ (graceful/more gracefully) than her sister.
He is ______ (tall/taller) of the two boys.
She sings ______ (loud/louder) than anyone else in the class.
The problem is getting ______ (serious/more serious).
He studies ______ (diligent/more diligently) than his classmates.
This is the ______ (expensive/most expensive) dress in the shop.
The boy is growing ______ (fast/faster) every day.
She plays tennis ______ (skillful/more skillfully) than her opponent.
The weather is becoming ______ (cold/colder) and ______ (cold/colder).
He is getting ______ (strong/stronger) and ______ (strong/stronger) after exercising.
答案解析
1.The flower smells sweet (sweet/sweetly). “smell” 是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
2.She dances beautifully (beautiful/beautifully). “dances” 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用副詞修飾。
3.He is a careful (careful/carefully) boy. 修飾名詞 “boy” 用形容詞。
4.The old man walks slowly (slow/slowly). “walks” 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用副詞修飾。
5.The music sounds wonderful (wonderful/wonderfully). “sounds” 是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。
6.Tom runs fast (fast/fastly). “fast” 既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，這里修飾動(dòng)詞 “runs”。
7.The soup tastes delicious (delicious/deliciously). “tastes” 是系動(dòng)詞，接形容詞。
8.She speaks English fluently (fluent/fluently). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “speaks” 用副詞。
9.It's a heavy (heavy/heavily) box. 修飾名詞 “box” 用形容詞。
10.The rain is falling heavily (heavy/heavily). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “falling” 用副詞。
11.The story is very interesting (interest/interesting). “is” 后接形容詞，“interesting” 修飾物。
12.He looks at me angrily (angry/angrily). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ooks” 用副詞。
13.The girl is quiet (quiet/quietly). “is” 后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
14.He works hard (hard/hardly). “hard” 作副詞修飾 “works”，“hardly” 意思是 “幾乎不” 。
15.The movie is exciting (excite/exciting). “is” 后接形容詞，“exciting” 修飾物。
16.She sings well (good/well). “sings” 是動(dòng)詞，用副詞 “well” 修飾。
17.The boy is lucky (lucky/luckily). “is” 后接形容詞。
18.He writes neatly (neat/neatly). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “writes” 用副詞。
19.The day is sunny (sun/sunny). “is” 后接形容詞。
20.The wind is blowing strongly (strong/strongly). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “blowing” 用副詞。
21.The problem seems easy (easy/easily). “seems” 是系動(dòng)詞，接形容詞。
22.They are happy (happy/happily) children. 修飾名詞 “children” 用形容詞。
23.She plays the piano badly (bad/badly). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “plays” 用副詞。
24.The food smells terrible (terrible/terribly). “smells” 是系動(dòng)詞，接形容詞。
25.He is quick (quick/quickly) at math. “is” 后接形容詞。
26.The car is running smoothly (smooth/smoothly). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “running” 用副詞。
27.The teacher is patient (patient/patiently) with us. “is” 后接形容詞。
28.The weather is cloudy (cloud/cloudy). “is” 后接形容詞。
29.She dresses prettily (pretty/prettily). 修飾動(dòng)詞 “dresses” 用副詞。
30.The boy is clever (clever/cleverly). “is” 后接形容詞。
31.He runs more slowly (slow/slowly) than his brother. 兩者比較，用比較級(jí)，“slowly” 的比較級(jí)是 “more slowly”。
32.The book is more interesting (interesting/more interesting) than that one. 兩者比較，“interesting” 是多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)用 “more interesting”。
33.She speaks English better (good/better) than me. “good” 的比較級(jí)是 “better”。
34.This is the worst (bad/worst) movie I have ever seen. 三者及以上比較用最高級(jí)，“bad” 的最高級(jí)是 “worst”。
35.He works harder (hard/harder) than before. 兩者比較，“hard” 的比較級(jí)是 “harder”。
36.The weather today is nicer (nice/nicer) than yesterday. “nice” 的比較級(jí)是 “nicer”。
37.She is the most beautiful (beautiful/more beautiful) among the girls. 三者及以上比較用最高級(jí)，“beautiful” 的最高級(jí)是 “the most beautiful”。
38.The story is funnier (funny/funnier) than I thought. “funny” 的比較級(jí)是 “funnier”。
39.He drives more carefully (careful/more carefully) than his friend. “carefully” 是多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)用 “more carefully”。
40.This is the most delicious (delicious/most delicious) cake I've ever tasted. “delicious” 的最高級(jí)是 “the most delicious”。
41.The girl dances more gracefully (graceful/more gracefully) than her sister. “gracefully” 的比較級(jí)是 “more gracefully”。
42.He is the taller (tall/taller) of the two boys. 兩者中較…… 的一個(gè)，用 “the + 比較級(jí)”。
43.She sings louder (loud/louder) than anyone else in the class. “l(fā)oud” 的比較級(jí)是 “l(fā)ouder”。
44.The problem is getting more serious (serious/more serious). “serious” 的比較級(jí)是 “more serious”。
45.He studies more diligently (diligent/more diligently) than his classmates. “diligent” 的比較級(jí)是 “more diligently”。
46.This is the most expensive (expensive/most expensive) dress in the shop. “expensive” 的最高級(jí)是 “the most expensive”。
47.The boy is growing faster (fast/faster) every day. “fast” 的比較級(jí)是 “faster”。
48.She plays tennis more skillfully (skillful/more skillfully) than her opponent. “skillfully” 的比較級(jí)是 “more skillfully”。
49.The weather is becoming colder (cold/colder) and colder (cold/colder). “比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)” 表示 “越來(lái)越……”。
50.He is getting stronger (strong/stronger) and stronger (strong/stronger) after exercising. 同理，“strong” 的比較級(jí) “stronger” 用于此結(jié)構(gòu)。

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