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(共22張PPT)
Unit4 Natural Disasters
Discovering Useful Structures
a famous Chinese writer who/that won the Nobel Prize for literature.
Mo Yan
An animal that/which China has made a national treasure
Step 1 : Guessing game
Panda
關系代詞引導的限制性定語從句
The person who lost the library book must pay for it.
The actor (who/whom) you wanted to see didn’t come.
He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.
who / whom的基本用法
探究總結
（1）who用于指______，可作_______和_______，作賓語時可以省略。
（2）whom只作_______，跟在介詞后時，不能省略。
人
主語
賓語
賓語
She is the one that you never forget.
She is the heaven-sent angel you met.
Oh,she must be the reason why God made a girl.
定語從句：
結構：________＋________＋__________
先行詞
關系詞
定語從句
She wins in everything that she might do.
在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。
先行詞
Discover the rule
the king married a new queen who was unkind to her
The queen had a mirror that was on the wall in her room.
It was a magic mirror which could tell the queen whether she was the fairest of all.
the queen wanted to kill the princess whom she was jealous of.
Snow White found a small cottage whose owner were seven dwarfs（小矮人）.
關系代詞
先行詞
Observe and find the relative pronouns and antecedent(先行詞)
1. A plane is a machine that can fly .
2. Here is the boy that damaged the vase .
3. He is the man (that) I told you about.
1.關系代詞 that
that 指事物，也可指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時可省略。
that與which的區別：
在下列情況下只用that 引導：
(1)當先行詞是 all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代詞時;
(2)先行詞 被all, much, little, some, any, every, no, few 等詞修飾時;
This is the house.
Lu Xun once lived in the house.
Yuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist.
He has made great contributions to solving the problem of Chinese people’s eating.
I. Combine the sentences using the Attributive Clause.
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
Yuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist who/that has made great contributions to solving the problem of Chinese people’s eating.
1. All ________ we have to do is to practice every day.
Conclusion：
2. The first lesson _______ I learned will never be forgotten
Conclusion：
that
先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，宜用that.
that
先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級或被序數詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時，宜用that.
只用that 的場合
Practice
Complete the sentences with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
whose
這里有些人的家園被臺風摧毀了。
who
建筑物可怕的搖晃把人們從睡夢中驚醒。
that OR /
第二天，人們用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避難所。
that /which
幾天以后，大多數被颶風破壞的建筑物得到了修繕。
whose
那個在災難中失去了母親的受傷男孩被送去了醫院。
whom
who
這位女士給營救她的戰士寫了一封感謝信。
這就是那個從樓里救出了好幾位被困同學的男孩嗎？
Use a restrictive relative clause to combine each pair of sentences..
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.
The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked during the quake.
Practice
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose, or whom.
Practice
來認識一下關系詞的本質吧
決定關系詞的不是先行詞，而是關系詞在定語從句中充當的成分。
搞定定語從句關系詞兩步走
看從句中是否缺主語、賓語
看先行詞詞義選關系詞
定語從句缺主語或賓語嗎？
選關系代詞
具體選誰，看先行詞
人稱名詞用
選關系副詞
具體選誰，看先行詞
who that whom
非人稱名詞用
限定名詞用
which that
whose
時間名詞用
when
原因名詞用
地點名詞用
why
where
缺
不缺
關系詞 先行詞 在從句中的成分
關系代詞 who 人 主語或賓語
whom 人 賓語
which 物 主語或賓語
that 人或物 主語或賓語
賓語關系代詞
I’d really like to find a partner________ I can trust.
I’d really like to find a partner________ I can trust.
I’d really like to find a partner________ I can trust.
I’d really like to find a partner I can trust.
關系代詞在從句中充當賓語是通常可以省去。
whom指人，作賓語 (作賓語可省略，如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
who
whom
that
Apply the rules
Complete each sentence with relative pronouns and guess who they are.
2.It was a thing could answer any question.
3.It was a thing owner was beautiful but cruel woman.
1.It was a thing was on the wall.
which/that
which/ that
whose
介詞+關系詞的定義
當介詞后的賓語提前做為先行詞時，介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關系詞前
He is the person _____________ you spoke
to.
that/who/whom
He is the person _______ you spoke.
to whom
This is the house __________ I lived 4 years
ago.
in
This is the house ______ I lived 4 years ago.
that/which
in which
“介詞+關系代詞” 結構
介詞的選用（考慮兩個因素）
（1）定語從句中先行詞的搭配習慣
I never forget the day on which I joined the army.
I never forget the days during which I was in the army.
I never forget the year in which my son went to college.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible
experience that my great-grandma can not forget.
2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to
help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster
area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new
town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in
the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible
experience that my great-grandma can not forget.
2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to
help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster
area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new
town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in
the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
(充當 )
(充當 )
(充當 )
(充當 )
(充當 )
賓語
主語
主語
定語
賓語
關系詞 先行詞 在從句中的成分 關系詞
關系代詞 who 人 主語或賓語
whom 人 賓語
which 物 主語或賓語
that 人或物 主語或賓語
關系限定詞 whose 人或物 定語
定語從句 VS.同位語從句
定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關系“…的”。
同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內容。
與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，
如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。
that在定語從句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；
而that在同位語從句中不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用。
THANKS

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