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專題練(二十五)　形容詞和副詞
知考法　明考向：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是高考語法填空的一個重點，在解答相關(guān)題目時，一要根據(jù)設空處在句中所作的成分確定詞性，二要根據(jù)標志詞及語境確定形容詞、副詞的比較等級。
(每小題1.5分，共15分)
1．(2024·新課標Ⅰ)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ____________________(function) structure that is also beautiful.
2．(2024·全國甲)Yellowstone was the ____________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
3．(2023·新課標Ⅰ)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，____________(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
4．(2023·新課標Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is ________________(rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.
5．(2023·新課標Ⅱ)Since June 2017，right before the arrival of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ____________(confidence) speaking English.
6．(2023·新課標Ⅱ)So，what are they learning？__________________(basic)，how to describe a panda’s life.
7．(2023·全國甲)__________________(difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
8．(2023·全國乙)The ____________________(remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
9．(2023·浙江1月)The term “hutong”，____________________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
10．(2023·浙江1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by _________________(space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____________________(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
一、形容詞變副詞、名詞
1．若提示詞修飾動詞、形容詞或全句，應考慮副詞形式。
2．若提示詞在動詞前作主語或在介詞、動詞后作賓語，應考慮名詞形式。
二、形容詞、副詞變反義詞
根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系，確定句意表否定時，可以添加否定前綴(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后綴(-less等)變?yōu)榉戳x詞。
三、形容詞、副詞變比較級或最高級
1．設空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal或設空后有than 等標志詞時應考慮用比較級。
2．句型“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
3．句型“比較級＋and＋比較級”表示“越來越……”。
4．“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級含義。
5．設空后有表示范圍的標志詞in，of，among等時，應考慮用最高級。
6．設空前有“one of the，the＋序數(shù)詞”等修飾詞時，應考慮用最高級。
(2024·山東濟寧一模)
Recently，a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”，1.____________ uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books.With the model，more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2.____________(mine) for.
This model，named 3.____________ Xun Zi，one of the most ①celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi,4.____________(comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents.5.____________(design) to intelligently process ancient texts，the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books，enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture,6.____________ boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7.____________ ②painstaking and laborious challenge.Since 2013，the team have worked ③tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu,8.____________(lay) a solid foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of making their data and model 9.____________(access) worldwide，the team have a broader perspective targeting global users.To this end，they have 10.____________(handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet，enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
語境猜詞 ①celebrated＝(派)celebrate＋d____________ ②painstaking＝(合)pains＋taking ____________ ③tirelessly＝(派)tire＋less＋ly____________
(2024·東北三省二模)
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，with the development of production，astronomy attained many achievements.The Ganshi Star Classic,11.___________(write) between 375－350 BCE，is the earliest ①astronomical work in the world.
Gan De and Shi Shen respectively conducted astronomical observations in their own aspects 12.____________ published their works to the world.They had 13.____________(systematic) observed the movements of the five planets，namely，gold，wood，water，fire and earth，and had 14.____________ grasp of the ②laws of the movements of these planets for the first time.They recorded the names of 800 stars，and determined the positions of 121.Later 15.____________(generation) called the records of Gan De and Shi Shen’s ③determination of stars “Ganshi Star Classic”．The Ganshi Star Classic is the earliest star table in the world，about 200 years earlier than the first 16.____________(Europe) star table created by a Greek astronomer.To date，their achievements 17.____________(recognise) internationally.Shi Shen was referred to 18.____________one of the outstanding contributors to world astronomy，after 19.____________ the largest crater(環(huán)形山) on the back of the moon was named.Many later astronomers use the data in The Ganshi Star Classic when 20.____________(measure) the position and motion of the sun，moon and planets.Therefore，The Ganshi Star Classic occupies an important position in the history of astronomy in China and the world.
語境猜詞 ①astronomical＝(派)astronomy＋ical____________ ②law(熟義：n.法律，法規(guī))　生義(文義)：n.____________ ③determination(熟義：n.決心)　生義(文義)：n.____________
(2024·陜西寶雞二模)
The number of Amur tigers，also known as Siberian tigers，moving from Russia into northeastern China,21.____________(increase) because of lower levels human activity，improvements in their habitat 22.____________ a smoother transit corridor between countries.The area 23.____________ tigers lived across the Sino-Russian border expanded by about 12 kilometers every three years from 2003－2016.In 2021 the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park was established.24.____________(cover) approximately 14,100 square kilometers，the park straddles the provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin.By the end of 2021 the number of wild Amur tigers living there 25.____________(rise) to 50 from 27 in 2017.The conservation of tigers is recognized as a global challenge，due to 26.____________(they) expansive habitat requirements.A female needs 400 to 500 square kilometers while a male requires over 1,000 square kilometers.The collaboration between these ①neighboring parks creates a 27.____________(share) home for the animals.The construction of the Sino-Russian ②cross-border environmental corridor is vital 28.____________ several barriers hinder the movement of tigers between the two sides.Border fences and roads built in the area are among those obstacles.Efforts are required by both sides 29.____________(promote) the corridor.As the population of prey species including wild boar and deer rises，Amur tigers are travelling 30.____________(far) into China for food.The expansion of the tigers’ range is expected to continue.
語境猜詞 ①neighboring＝(派)neighbor＋ing ____________ ②cross-border＝(合)cross＋border ____________
(2024·浙江寧波十校二模)
One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger,31.____________(know) as the Northeast Tiger in China.There are less than 500 of these beautiful animals still living in the wild.The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers.32.____________ adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in 33.____________(long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.
Long ago，Siberian tigers were all over Northeast Asia and Russian Far East.34.__________，today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border and 35.____________(possible) in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.The main reason for their decrease in numbers is the disappearance of their natural habitat.Fortunately，steps 36.____________(take) to save this magnificent creature in recent years and as a consequence numbers are 37.____________ the rise.
There is also a ①fairly large population of Siberian tigers in zoos，some of 38.____________ are expected to be ②reintroduced to the wild.Of course，they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of 39.____________(they)，and this is easier said than done.Another big issue is the problem of space.At present，there just is not enough 40.____________(spoil) forest available to support reintroducing many Siberian tigers into the wild.
語境猜詞 ①fairly＝(派)fair＋ly____________ ②reintroduce＝(派)re＋introduce________________________
(2024·浙江溫州二模)
Nowadays，we are used to opening an app to skim public reviews for ①reference before going to a restaurant.If it has a score of 4.8 or above on a 5-point scale，the restaurant 41.____________(guarantee) to be a good choice; but if it is a 4 or even less，it almost always means the restaurant is so terrible that you are likely to suffer.
In the past months，topics such as “Restaurants with low ratings may taste better” 42.____________(top) the list of search terms.But 43.____________ is essential for everyone is the ②authenticity of the evaluation.We need to analyze the reasons that lead to the present situation 44.____________ reflect on measures to improve ③credibility and consumer experiences.
For one thing，quite a few business runners rely so 45.____________(primary) on good scores to attract consumers that they manipulate(操縱) ratings by buying positive reviews to increase traffic.For another，some consumers may go 46.____________ their original intention and give high scores because they receive free dishes or discounts when 47.____________(ask) to submit comments.
48．____________(concern) these phenomena，platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more 49.____________(expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.Meanwhile，the rating mechanism should include regular monitoring，strict examination and punitive(懲罰性的) measures to create a healthy competitive atmosphere.50.____________，users will eventually abandon platforms，leaving those ④tricky players to their marketing game.
語境猜詞 ①reference＝(派)refer＋ence____________ ②authenticity＝(派)authentic＋ity ____________ ③credibility＝(派)credible＋ility____________ ④tricky＝(派)trick＋y____________
語境猜詞答案
一、①著名的　②刻苦的；辛勤的　③不知疲倦地
二、①天文學的；天文的　②規(guī)律；定律　③測定
三、①鄰近的；附近的　②跨國的
四、①相當?shù)亍、趯ⅰ艢w自然棲息地
五、①參考　②真實性；可靠性　③可靠性；可信度　④狡猾的；難對付的
答案精析
做真題　悟技法
1．functional　2.largest　3.tasty　4.rarely　5.confident　6.Basically　7.Different　8.remarkable　9.originally　10.spacious　simpler/more simple
練模擬　提能力
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了國內(nèi)首個專門應用于古籍處理與研究的智能工具——“荀子”古籍大語言模型。
1．which　[考查定語從句。本句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是(LLM) “Xunzi”，在從句中充當主語，故填which。]
2．be mined　[考查被動語態(tài)。mine作動詞，意為“挖掘”。more information與mine為被動關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)，空前有情態(tài)動詞can，故填be mined。]
3．a(chǎn)fter/for　[考查介詞。句意：這個模型是以荀子的名字命名的。be named after/for以……命名，故填after/for。]
4．comprises　[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)語境可知，此處描述客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語This model為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填comprises。]
5．Designed　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞aims，所以design只能作非謂語，它的邏輯主語是the system，二者為被動關(guān)系，應該使用過去分詞形式，同時還要注意首字母大寫，故填Designed。]
6．a(chǎn)nd　[考查連詞。分析句子可知，aims后跟三個并列的不定式短語作賓語，需用and連接，故填and。]
7．a(chǎn)　[考查冠詞。challenge為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，故使用不定冠詞；painstaking的首字母發(fā)音為輔音。故填a。]
8．laying　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經(jīng)存在謂語have worked，所以lay只能作非謂語，lay與它的邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填laying。]
9．a(chǎn)ccessible　[考查形容詞。此處為“make sth＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)，故用access的形容詞形式accessible，故填accessible。]
10．handsomely　[考查副詞。修飾動詞shared應用副詞handsomely，作狀語。故填handsomely。]
11．written　[考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞is，故空處為非謂語動詞，The Ganshi Star Classic與write為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，故填written。]
12．a(chǎn)nd　[考查連詞。句中謂語conducted與published為并列關(guān)系，應用and連接。故填and。]
13．systematically　[考查副詞。修飾動詞observed應用副詞systematically，作狀語。故填systematically。]
14．a(chǎn)　[考查冠詞。have a grasp of “掌握……”。故填a。]
15．generations　[考查名詞復數(shù)。generation為可數(shù)名詞，前無不定冠詞修飾，故用復數(shù)表示泛指。故填generations。]
16．European　[考查形容詞。修飾名詞短語star table應用形容詞European。故填European。]
17．have been recognised　[考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)To date可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語與謂語為被動關(guān)系，且主語為復數(shù)，故填have been recognised。]
18．a(chǎn)s　[考查介詞。be referred to as“被認為是”。故填as。]
19．whom　[考查定語從句。此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Shi Shen，在定語從句中作介詞after的賓語，關(guān)系代詞為whom。故填whom。]
20．measuring　[考查非謂語動詞。Many later astronomers與measure在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語。故填measuring。]
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了因人類活動水平較低、棲息地的改善以及中俄運輸通道的暢通，從俄羅斯進入中國東北部的東北虎數(shù)量有所增加。
21．has increased/is increasing　[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。increase在句中作謂語動詞，此處表示過去的動作到現(xiàn)在剛剛停止，可用現(xiàn)在完成時；也可表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，可用現(xiàn)在進行時。“the number of＋復數(shù)名詞”(……的數(shù)量)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填has increased/is increasing。]
22．a(chǎn)nd　[考查連詞。lower levels human activity，improvements in their habitat和a smoother transit corridor between countries是并列關(guān)系，用并列連詞and。故填and。]
23．where　[考查定語從句。該空引導限制性定語從句，先行詞是The area，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。]
24．Covering　[考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語the park和非謂語動詞cover是主動關(guān)系，cover用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Covering。]
25．had risen　[考查時態(tài)。“by the end of＋過去時間點”是過去完成時的標志，故謂語動詞rise用過去完成時。故填had risen。]
26．their　[考查代詞。形容詞性物主代詞their作定語，修飾名詞短語expansive habitat requirements。故填their。]
27．shared　[考查形容詞。形容詞shared(共享的、共有的)作定語，修飾名詞home。故填shared。]
28．because　[考查連詞。分析句子可知，空格處意為“因為”，引導原因狀語從句，故填because。]
29．to promote　[考查不定式。分析句子可知，promote用不定式形式作目的狀語。故填to promote。]
30．farther　[考查副詞比較級。句子暗含比較含義，用副詞比較級farther作狀語，修飾動詞travelling。故填farther。]
31．known　[考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語為is，故此處為非謂語動詞，且Siberian tiger與know為被動關(guān)系，應用過去分詞作定語。故填known。]
32．An　[考查冠詞。此處泛指“一只成年雄性虎”，且adult的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故應用不定冠詞an，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填An。]
33．length　[考查名詞。in length“在長度上”，為固定短語。故填length。]
34．However/Nevertheless　[考查副詞。前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應用however或nevertheless，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填However/Nevertheless。]
35．possibly　[考查副詞。本空用副詞possibly修飾動詞found，作狀語。故填possibly。]
36．have been taken　[考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。由in recent years可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時，且steps和take之間是被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，主語為復數(shù)，助動詞用have。故填have been taken。]
37．on　[考查介詞。on the rise“在增長”。故填on。]
38．which　[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Siberian tigers，指物，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作賓語，應用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。]
39．themselves　[考查代詞。結(jié)合句意和主語they可知，本空表示“它們自己”，用反身代詞themselves，作賓語。故填themselves。]
40．unspoiled/unspoilt　[考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意可知，本空用形容詞unspoiled/unspoilt“未受破壞的”作定語，修飾forest。故填unspoiled/unspoilt。]
語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要就消費者在選擇餐廳時依賴評分作為參考這一現(xiàn)象展開，分析了導致評價不真實的原因，并提出了解決方案。
41．is guaranteed　[考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)上下文可知，本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時；主語the restaurant為單數(shù)，和動詞guarantee之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填is guaranteed。]
42．have topped/have been topping　[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語“In the past months”可知，本句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時；主語topics為復數(shù)，助動詞用have。故填have topped/have been topping。]
43．what　[考查主語從句。設空處引導主語從句，主語從句缺少主語，表示“物”，用連接詞what。故填what。]
44．a(chǎn)nd　[考查連詞。空前“analyze the reasons that lead to the present situation”和空后“reflect on measures to improve credibility and consumer experiences”之間為并列關(guān)系，用and連接。故填and。]
45．primarily　[考查副詞。此處修飾動詞短語rely on，應用副詞形式，作狀語。故填primarily。]
46．a(chǎn)gainst　[考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處使用固定短語go against，意為“違背”。故填against。]
47．a(chǎn)sked　[考查狀語從句的省略。此處為when引導的時間狀語從句，當時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致且謂語含有be動詞時，可省略從句主語和be動詞，狀語從句的完整形式為“when they are asked to submit comments”，可將they are省略。故填asked。]
48．Concerning　[考查介詞。分析句子成分以及句意可知，空處為介詞，意為“考慮到”，用concerning；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Concerning。]
49．exposure　[考查名詞。此處作賓語，應用名詞exposure，不可數(shù)。故填exposure。]
50．Otherwise　[考查副詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空處意為“否則，要不然”，作狀語，用副詞otherwise；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Otherwise。](共55張PPT)
專題四　語法填空
專題練(二十五)
形容詞和副詞
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是高考語法填空的一個重點，在解答相關(guān)題目時，一要根據(jù)設空處在句中所作的成分確定詞性，二要根據(jù)標志詞及語境確定形容詞、副詞的比較等級。
知考法　明考向
內(nèi)容索引
做真題　悟技法
練模擬　提能力
1.(2024·新課標Ⅰ)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective (function) structure that is also beautiful.
2.(2024·全國甲)Yellowstone was the (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
做真題 悟技法
functional
largest
3.(2023·新課標Ⅰ)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
4.(2023·新課標Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is _______(rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.
tasty
rarely
5.(2023·新課標Ⅱ)Since June 2017，right before the arrival of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English.
6.(2023·新課標Ⅱ)So，what are they learning？ (basic)，how to describe a panda’s life.
7.(2023·全國甲) (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
confident
Basically
Different
8.(2023·全國乙)The (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
9.(2023·浙江1月)The term “hutong”， (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
remarkable
originally
10.(2023·浙江1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by __________(space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
spacious
simpler/more simple
一、形容詞變副詞、名詞
1.若提示詞修飾動詞、形容詞或全句，應考慮副詞形式。
2.若提示詞在動詞前作主語或在介詞、動詞后作賓語，應考慮名詞形式。
二、形容詞、副詞變反義詞
根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系，確定句意表否定時，可以添加否定前綴(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后綴(-less等)變?yōu)榉戳x詞。
技法點撥
三、形容詞、副詞變比較級或最高級
1.設空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal或設空后有than 等標志詞時應考慮用比較級。
2.句型“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”表示“越……，就越……”。
3.句型“比較級＋and＋比較級”表示“越來越……”。
4.“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級含義。
5.設空后有表示范圍的標志詞in，of，among等時，應考慮用最高級。
6.設空前有“one of the，the＋序數(shù)詞”等修飾詞時，應考慮用最高級。
返回
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了國內(nèi)首個專門應用于古籍處理與研究的智能工具——“荀子”古籍大語言模型。
一
(2024·山東濟寧一模)
Recently，a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”，1._______ uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books.
練模擬 提能力
考查定語從句。本句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是(LLM) “Xunzi”，在從句中充當主語，故填which。
which
With the model，more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2.__________(mine) for.
考查被動語態(tài)。mine作動詞，意為“挖掘”。more information與mine為被動關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)，空前有情態(tài)動詞can，故填be mined。
be mined
This model，named 3.________ Xun Zi，one of the most ①celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi,4.__________
(comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents.
3.考查介詞。句意：這個模型是以荀子的名字命名的。be named after/for以……命名，故填after/for。
4.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)語境可知，此處描述客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語This model為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填comprises。
after/for
comprises
5.____________(design) to intelligently process ancient texts，the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books，enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture,6.______ boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
5.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞aims，所以design只能作非謂語，它的邏輯主語是the system，二者為被動關(guān)系，應該使用過去分詞形式，同時還要注意首字母大寫，故填Designed。
6.考查連詞。分析句子可知，aims后跟三個并列的不定式短語作賓語，需用and連接，故填and。
Designed
and
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7.___ ②painstaking and laborious challenge.Since 2013，the team have worked ③tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu,8._________(lay) a solid foundation for the large language model.
7.考查冠詞。challenge為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，故使用不定冠詞；painstaking的首字母發(fā)音為輔音。故填a。
8.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已經(jīng)存在謂語have worked，所以lay只能作非謂語，lay與它的邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填laying。
a
laying
Committed to the philosophy of making their data and model 9.__________(access) worldwide，the team have a broader perspective targeting global users.
考查形容詞。此處為“make sth＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)，故用access的形容詞形式accessible，故填accessible。
accessible
To this end，they have 10.____________(handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet，enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
考查副詞。修飾動詞shared應用副詞handsomely，作狀語。故填handsomely。
handsomely
①celebrated＝(派)celebrate＋d ________
②painstaking＝(合)pains＋taking ________________
③tirelessly＝(派)tire＋less＋ly ____________
語境猜詞
著名的
刻苦的；辛勤的
不知疲倦地
二
(2024·東北三省二模)
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，with the development of production，astronomy attained many achievements.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了《甘石星經(jīng)》的相關(guān)信息。
The Ganshi Star Classic,11._________(write) between 375－350 BCE，is the earliest ①astronomical work in the world.
考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞is，故空處為非謂語動詞，The Ganshi Star Classic與write為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，故填written。
written
Gan De and Shi Shen respectively conducted astronomical observations in their own aspects 12.______ published their works to the world.
考查連詞。句中謂語conducted與published為并列關(guān)系，應用and連接。故填and。
and
They had 13.______________(systematic) observed the movements of the five planets，namely，gold，wood，water，fire and earth，and had 14._____ grasp of the ②laws of the movements of these planets for the first time.
13.考查副詞。修飾動詞observed應用副詞systematically，作狀語。故填systematically。
14.考查冠詞。have a grasp of “掌握……”。故填a。
systematically
a
They recorded the names of 800 stars，and determined the positions of 121.Later 15.____________(generation) called the records of Gan De and Shi Shen’s ③determination of stars “Ganshi Star Classic”.
考查名詞復數(shù)。generation為可數(shù)名詞，前無不定冠詞修飾，故用復數(shù)表示泛指。故填generations。
generations
The Ganshi Star Classic is the earliest star table in the world，about 200 years earlier than the first 16.____________(Europe) star table created by a Greek astronomer.
考查形容詞。修飾名詞短語star table應用形容詞European。故填European。
European
To date，their achievements 17.________________________(recognise) internationally.
考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)To date可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語與謂語為被動關(guān)系，且主語為復數(shù)，故填have been recognised。
have been recognised
Shi Shen was referred to 18.______one of the outstanding contributors to world astronomy，after 19.________ the largest crater(環(huán)形山) on the back of the moon was named.
18.考查介詞。be referred to as“被認為是”。故填as。
19.考查定語從句。此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Shi Shen，在定語從句中作介詞after的賓語，關(guān)系代詞為whom。故填whom。
as
whom
Many later astronomers use the data in The Ganshi Star Classic when 20.____________(measure) the position and motion of the sun，moon and planets.Therefore，The Ganshi Star Classic occupies an important position in the history of astronomy in China and the world.
考查非謂語動詞。Many later astronomers與measure在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語。故填measuring。
measuring
①astronomical＝(派)astronomy＋ical __________________
②law(熟義：n.法律，法規(guī))　生義(文義)：n. ____________
③determination(熟義：n.決心)　生義(文義)：n. ______
語境猜詞
天文學的；天文的
規(guī)律；定律
測定
三
(2024·陜西寶雞二模)
The number of Amur tigers，also known as Siberian tigers，moving from Russia into northeastern China,21._____________________________(increase) because of lower levels human activity，improvements in their habitat 22._____ a smoother transit corridor between countries.
21.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。increase在句中作謂語動詞，此處表示過去的動作到現(xiàn)在剛剛停止，可用現(xiàn)在完成時；也可表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，可用現(xiàn)在進行時。“the number of＋復數(shù)名詞”(……的數(shù)量)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填has increased/is increasing。
22.考查連詞。lower levels human activity，improvements in their habitat和a smoother transit corridor between countries是并列關(guān)系，用并列連詞and。故填and。
has increased/is increasing
and
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了因人類活動水平較低、棲息地的改善以及中俄運輸通道的暢通，從俄羅斯進入中國東北部的東北虎數(shù)量有所增加。
The area 23._________ tigers lived across the Sino-Russian border expanded by about 12 kilometers every three years from 2003－2016.In 2021 the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park was established.
考查定語從句。該空引導限制性定語從句，先行詞是The area，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。
where
24.____________(cover) approximately 14,100 square kilometers，the park straddles the provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin.
考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語the park和非謂語動詞cover是主動關(guān)系，cover用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Covering。
Covering
By the end of 2021 the number of wild Amur tigers living there 25.______
______(rise) to 50 from 27 in 2017.The conservation of tigers is recognized as a global challenge，due to 26.________(they) expansive habitat requirements.
25.考查時態(tài)。“by the end of＋過去時間點”是過去完成時的標志，故謂語動詞rise用過去完成時。故填had risen。
26.考查代詞。形容詞性物主代詞their作定語，修飾名詞短語expansive habitat requirements。故填their。
had
risen
their
A female needs 400 to 500 square kilometers while a male requires over 1,000 square kilometers.The collaboration between these ①neighboring parks creates a 27.________(share) home for the animals.
考查形容詞。形容詞shared(共享的、共有的)作定語，修飾名詞home。故填shared。
shared
The construction of the Sino-Russian ②cross-border environmental corridor is vital 28._________ several barriers hinder the movement of tigers between the two sides.
考查連詞。分析句子可知，空格處意為“因為”，引導原因狀語從句，故填because。
because
Border fences and roads built in the area are among those obstacles.
Efforts are required by both sides 29.___________(promote) the corridor.
考查不定式。分析句子可知，promote用不定式形式作目的狀語。故填to promote。
to promote
As the population of prey species including wild boar and deer rises，Amur tigers are travelling 30.________(far) into China for food.The expansion of the tigers’ range is expected to continue.
考查副詞比較級。句子暗含比較含義，用副詞比較級farther作狀語，修飾動詞travelling。故填farther。
farther
①neighboring＝(派)neighbor＋ing _______________
②cross-border＝(合)cross＋border _________
語境猜詞
鄰近的；附近的
跨國的
四
(2024·浙江寧波十校二模)
One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger,31._________(know) as the Northeast Tiger in China.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西伯利亞虎的外形，分布和面臨的問題。
考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語為is，故此處為非謂語動詞，且Siberian tiger與know為被動關(guān)系，應用過去分詞作定語。故填known。
known
There are less than 500 of these beautiful animals still living in the wild.The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers.32._____ adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in 33.________(long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms.
32.考查冠詞。此處泛指“一只成年雄性虎”，且adult的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故應用不定冠詞an，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填An。
33.考查名詞。in length“在長度上”，為固定短語。故填length。
An
length
Long ago，Siberian tigers were all over Northeast Asia and Russian Far East.34._____________________，today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border and 35._______(possible) in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
34.考查副詞。前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應用however或nevertheless，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填However/Nevertheless。
35.考查副詞。本空用副詞possibly修飾動詞found，作狀語。故填possibly。
However/Nevertheless
possibly
The main reason for their decrease in numbers is the disappearance of their natural habitat.Fortunately，steps 36.________________(take) to save this magnificent creature in recent years and as a consequence numbers are 37.____ the rise.
36.考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。由in recent years可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時，且steps和take之間是被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，主語為復數(shù)，助動詞用have。故填have been taken。
37.考查介詞。on the rise“在增長”。故填on。
have been taken
on
There is also a ①fairly large population of Siberian tigers in zoos，some of 38.________ are expected to be ②reintroduced to the wild.
考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Siberian tigers，指物，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作賓語，應用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
which
Of course，they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of 39.____________(they)，and this is easier said than done.Another big issue is the problem of space.
考查代詞。結(jié)合句意和主語they可知，本空表示“它們自己”，用反身代詞themselves，作賓語。故填themselves。
themselves
At present，there just is not enough 40.____________________(spoil) forest available to support reintroducing many Siberian tigers into the wild.
考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意可知，本空用形容詞unspoiled/unspoilt“未受破壞的”作定語，修飾forest。故填unspoiled/unspoilt。
unspoiled/unspoilt
①fairly＝(派)fair＋ly ________
②reintroduce＝(派)re＋introduce ______________________
語境猜詞
相當?shù)?br/>將……放歸自然棲息地
五
(2024·浙江溫州二模)
Nowadays，we are used to opening an app to skim public reviews for ①reference before going to a restaurant.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要就消費者在選擇餐廳時依賴評分作為參考這一現(xiàn)象展開，分析了導致評價不真實的原因，并提出了解決方案。
If it has a score of 4.8 or above on a 5-point scale，the restaurant 41._______________(guarantee) to be a good choice; but if it is a 4 or even less，it almost always means the restaurant is so terrible that you are likely to suffer.
考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)上下文可知，本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時；主語the restaurant為單數(shù)，和動詞guarantee之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填is guaranteed。
is guaranteed
In the past months，topics such as “Restaurants with low ratings may taste better” 42.___________________________(top) the list of search terms.But 43.______ is essential for everyone is the ②authenticity of the evaluation.
have topped/have been topping
42.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語“In the past months”可知，本句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時；主語topics為復數(shù)，助動詞用have。故填have topped/have been topping。
43.考查主語從句。設空處引導主語從句，主語從句缺少主語，表示“物”，用連接詞what。故填what。
what
We need to analyze the reasons that lead to the present situation 44.______ reflect on measures to improve ③credibility and consumer experiences.
考查連詞。空前“analyze the reasons that lead to the present situation”和空后“reflect on measures to improve credibility and consumer experiences”之間為并列關(guān)系，用and連接。故填and。
and
For one thing，quite a few business runners rely so 45.___________
(primary) on good scores to attract consumers that they manipulate(操縱) ratings by buying positive reviews to increase traffic.
考查副詞。此處修飾動詞短語rely on，應用副詞形式，作狀語。故填primarily。
primarily
For another，some consumers may go 46._______ their original intention and give high scores because they receive free dishes or discounts when 47.______(ask) to submit comments.
46.考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處使用固定短語go against，意為“違背”。故填against。
47.考查狀語從句的省略。此處為when引導的時間狀語從句，當時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致且謂語含有be動詞時，可省略從句主語和be動詞，狀語從句的完整形式為“when they are asked to submit comments”，可將they are省略。故填asked。
against
asked
48.__________(concern) these phenomena，platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more 49.__________(expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
48.考查介詞。分析句子成分以及句意可知，空處為介詞，意為“考慮到”，用concerning；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Concerning。
49.考查名詞。此處作賓語，應用名詞exposure，不可數(shù)。故填exposure。
Concerning
exposure
Meanwhile，the rating mechanism should include regular monitoring，strict examination and punitive(懲罰性的) measures to create a healthy competitive atmosphere.50.____________，users will eventually abandon platforms，leaving those ④tricky players to their marketing game.
考查副詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空處意為“否則，要不然”，作狀語，用副詞otherwise；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Otherwise。
Otherwise
①reference＝(派)refer＋ence ______
②authenticity＝(派)authentic＋ity ________________
③credibility＝(派)credible＋ility ________________
④tricky＝(派)trick＋y __________________
語境猜詞
參考
真實性；可靠性
返回
可靠性；可信度
狡猾的；難對付的

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