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專題練(十)　新聞報道類閱讀
知考法　明考向：新聞報道類包含新聞事件的諸多元素，時間、地點、人物、起因、過程和結(jié)局。語篇特征明顯：都是由標題 Headline 、導語 Introduction 、背景 Background 、主體 Main body 和結(jié)尾 Ending 五部分構(gòu)成。近年來高考新聞類文章一般隱去標題，卻在設題時要求考生在所給選項中選出最佳標題，考查學生對文章的概括能力。題型以細節(jié)理解題為主，兼顧推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題等。
(2024·新課標Ⅱ，B)
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes，we all have our phones，but many of us still like to ①go old school and read something printed.
Well，there’s a kiosk(小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area，at least.
“You enter the fare gates(檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost，the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple.Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories，and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says.“And ②as of right now，we’ve received about 120 ③submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century，so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
24．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture.
B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers’ needs.
D．To reduce its running costs.
25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
26．What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.
D．Conducting interviews with artists.
27．What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A．It will close down.
B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide.
D．Its ridership will increase.
語境猜詞 ①go old school ____________ ②as of____________ ③submission＝(派)submi(t)＋ssion ____________
A
(2024·湖南長沙二模)
In a policy address to lawmakers，Japan’s Prime Minister said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”，and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”．
“In thinking of the ①sustainability and ②inclusiveness of our nation’s economy and society，we place child care support as our most important policy，” he said，adding that he wants the government to double its spending on ③child-related programs，and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue.
Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world，and it recorded fewer than 800,000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899.The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world；in 2020，nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were age 100 or older，according to government data.
These trends have driven a growing population problem，with a rapidly aging society，a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating(停滯) economy.The country’s high cost of living，limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children，meaning fewer couples are having kids.Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future，many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation.
How about other parts of East Asia South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate，with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime—far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population.Japan’s birth rate ④stands at 1.3，while the United States is at 1.6.Meanwhile，China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time，adding pressure to its economic growth.
1．How does the Japanese government feel about the falling birth rate
A．Surprised. B．Confused.
C．Embarrassed. D．Worried.
2．Which of the following has led the birth rate in Japan to decline
A．The rapidly aging society.
B．The high life expectancies.
C．The shortage of workforce.
D．The various stresses of life.
3．What are the statistics in the last paragraph used to show
A．Ignorance of the birth rate.
B．Serious population crisis.
C．Weak care services for children.
D．Potential harm to women’s health.
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Society. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Science.
語境猜詞 ①sustainability＝(派)sustain＋able＋ity____________________ ②inclusiveness＝(派)inclusive＋ness____________________ ③child-related＝(合)child＋related____________________ ④stand at ____________________
B
(2024·重慶二模)
We’re all familiar with the idea of climate change and how our planet is warming.Extremes in temperature have become more ①commonplace，making parts of the world difficult to live in.But one place where extreme heat is making life very uncomfortable is our cities.Luckily，innovation might be keeping it under control.
As thermometers(溫度計) record temperatures，sometimes above 50 degrees Celsius，solutions are being sought to cool the air in our cities.In India，for example，heatwaves and rapid ②urbanization have led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units，adding to CO2 emissions.So，architects，looking for a sustainable cooling solution，are copying an ancient lattice(框架) design，used in old buildings like the Taj Mahal，to construct comfortable，③low-carbon buildings.Yatin Pandya told the BBC，“Traditional architectural forms have proven their performance in combating environmental conditions.”
In America，about 80% of the population lives in cities，and it’s these cities that suffer from an urban heat island effect，caused by factors such as trapped waste heat，concrete structures and pavements absorbing the sun and tall buildings blocking the wind.Residents and developers have tried to cool these places by planting large trees that offer shade and putting plants and gardens on top of roofs to help trap heat.And in Los Angeles，there’s an experiment to cover streets with ④light-coloured material that reflects rather than absorbs the sun and so they remain cooler than typical black roads.
But it’s satellites in space that are really giving us the best picture of our over-heated cities.Glynn Hulley，who is leading an image-capturing project，called the Land Surface Temperature Monitoring mission，told the BBC，“The data can be used to identify hot spots，weak regions，and assess the cooling impacts of heat mitigation(緩解) approaches.” It’s already found how green spaces，white roads and water features have helped prevent our cities from boiling over.But with extreme heat still ⑤posing a threat to our lives，more solutions are still needed.
5．What leads to the increase of CO2 emissions
A．The invention of thermometers.
B．The imitation of traditional architecture.
C．The building of concrete structures.
D．The application of air-conditioning units.
6．Why is Los Angeles mentioned
A．To show people are trying to solve the problem.
B．To prove it is miserable to suffer from heat.
C．To demonstrate the benefit of modern buildings.
D．To support the idea of low-carbon construction.
7．What is the Land Surface Temperature Monitoring misson aimed at
A．Identifying city features.
B．Emphasizing threats to lives.
C．Evaluating the cooling effect.
D．Testing image-capturing technology.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Cities in Danger
B．Cooling Hot Cities
C．Dramatic Climate Change
D．Temperature Monitoring Mission
語境猜詞 ①commonplace＝(合)common＋place____________________ ②urbanization＝(派)urban＋iz(e)＋ation____________________ ③low-carbon＝(合)low＋carbon____________________ ④light-coloured＝(合)light＋coloured ____________________ ⑤pose a threat to____________________
C
(2024·山東濰坊一模)
On a bright September day in the French Alps in 2022，John McAvoy was running 38 kilometres into a very exhausting ultramarathon through rough mountain paths.Battling tiredness，he pushed his body and mind through the final ①leg of the race.With the finish arch in the famous town of Chamonix just four kilometres away and the ②cloud-topped peak of Mont Blanc high over him，McAvoy ③welled up with emotion.
In that moment，he felt so free and alive.It was quite the opposite from where his life had been a decade before.He had just been released from prison after serving a 10-year ④sentence.
Now 40 years old，McAvoy has spent the last 10 years rebuilding his life from one of crime to one with purpose.It was on this day，while running the ultramarathon，that he realized how ⑤impactful conquering(征服) this mountain run could be for inner-city kids like him.After all，sport had helped him live a normal life again and open up his world.It could do the same for others.
With the help of Youth Beyond Borders，McAvoy started the Alpine Run Project，which recently led 12 disadvantaged British young people through their own Mont Blanc races.The participants，from refugees(難民) to young reformed criminals and those who grew up in Children’s Home，were matched with coaches，consultants and physiotherapists.After a six-month training program，the youth travelled to the Alps to meet up with McAvoy for their race.
McAvoy says the highlight of this project for him was watching Yasmin Mahamud，a 20-year-old refugee from Syria，run through the finish arch and into the arms of her new friends.It was ⑥a life-changing high for Mahamud，inspiring her to keep running，take up martial arts and go to university to study physiotherapy.
“It changed my point of view on life，” says Mahamud.Pushing herself to complete the race gave her a brief experience of her own potential through hard work and devotion.“I will always be thankful to John for giving me this opportunity and guidance.”
9．How did McAvoy feel before the finish arch
A．He felt totally collapsed.
B．He was peaceful and hopeful.
C．He was satisfied with his pace.
D．He felt as if completely reborn.
10．What can we learn about McAvoy from paragraph 3
A．He was a builder 10 years ago.
B．He realized the importance of sport.
C．He ran to make up for his past wrongs.
D．He had sympathy for the inner-city children.
11．Who most probably took part in the Mont Blanc races
A．A running coach.
B．A travel lover.
C．A homeless teenager.
D．A skilled athlete.
12．What message does McAvoy’s story convey
A．Live for the moment.
B．Dream big and climb high.
C．After the storm comes the rainbow.
D．Run after the light and become the light.
語境猜詞 ①leg(熟義：腿) 　生義(文義)：____________________ ②cloud-topped＝(合)cloud＋topped ____________________ ③well up with emotion____________________ ④sentence(熟義：句子) 　生義(文義)：____________________ ⑤impactful＝(派)impact＋ful____________________ ⑥a life-changing high____________________
語境猜詞答案
[做真題　悟技法]　①回歸老派?、诘健瓰橹埂、厶峤蛔髌?br/>[練模擬　提能力]　A．①可持續(xù)性?、诎?性)?、叟c兒童相關(guān)的　④達特定水平；處于　B．①普遍的?、诔鞘谢际谢、鄣吞嫉摹、軠\色的
⑤對……構(gòu)成威脅　C．①一段路程(或賽程)?、诟呗柸朐频摹、矍榫w激動
④判刑　⑤有效的；有影響的?、抟粋€改變?nèi)松母叱?br/>答案精析
做真題　悟技法
語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道，較易。文章主要講了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng) BART 推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務，旨在滿足乘客閱讀需求，提升出行體驗并吸引更多乘客使用公共交通。
24．C　[推理判斷題。文章首段揭示了乘客在車站可能面臨的一個常見問題——忘記帶讀物。盡管手機很方便，但許多人仍然喜歡閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍或文章。緊接著，文章描述了BART在舊金山灣區(qū)設置自助服務亭的情況，服務亭提供短篇小說或詩歌供乘客閱讀。因此，BART推出這個項目是為了給乘客提供閱讀材料，即滿足乘客的需求。故選C。]
25．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story”和“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”可知，自助服務亭中的故事按長度分類，乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B。]
26．A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中Trost說的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”以及“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”可知，Trost最近在組織一個故事競賽，獲勝作品將被放入自助服務亭供乘客閱讀。故選A。]
27．D　[觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，Trost認為通過提升乘客體驗，包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，即乘客量將會增加。故選D。]
練模擬　提能力
語篇解讀　本文是新聞報道。日本政府就本國人口危機發(fā)出了嚴重警告，稱由于出生率不斷下降，人口問題可能影響社會運轉(zhuǎn)。
1．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In a policy address to lawmakers，Japan’s Prime Minister said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue ‘now or never’，and that it ‘simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions’．”，再結(jié)合第二段談到的日本政府對出生率下降所采取的行動可推知，日本政府對此感到很擔憂。故選D。]
2．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“The country’s high cost of living，limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children，meaning fewer couples are having kids.”可知，各種生活壓力導致越來越少的夫婦愿意生養(yǎng)孩子，于是出現(xiàn)出生率下降的情況。故選D。]
3．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate...far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population...adding pressure to its economic growth.”可推知，最后一段的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)用來說明嚴重的人口危機。故選B。]
4．A　[文章出處題。結(jié)合全文尤其是第一段可知，本文主要講了由于人口出生率下降，日本政府采取了相應措施，并分析了出現(xiàn)人口危機的原因，最后一段還指出在東亞存在的人口危機問題。人口以及出生率屬于社會問題。故選A。]
5．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In India，for example，heatwaves and rapid urbanization have led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units，adding to CO2 emissions.”可知，空調(diào)的使用增加了二氧化碳的排放。故選D。]
6．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Residents and developers have tried to cool these places by planting large trees that offer shade and putting plants and gardens on top of roofs to help trap heat.”以及后面舉的洛杉磯的例子可知，提到洛杉磯是為了表明人們正在努力解決高溫的問題。故選A。]
7．C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“The data can be used to identify hot spots，weak regions，and assess the cooling impacts of heat mitigation(緩解) approaches.”可知，地表溫度監(jiān)測工作的目的是要評估冷卻效果。故選C。]
8．B　[標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“We’re all familiar with the idea of climate change and how our planet is warming...Luckily，innovation might be keeping it under control.”和第二段首句“As thermometers(溫度計) record temperatures，sometimes above 50 degrees Celsius，solutions are being sought to cool the air in our cities.”以及下文對人們采取的為城市降溫的不同做法的介紹可知，B項(為酷熱的城市降溫)符合題意。故選B。]
語篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了刑滿釋放后一直努力尋找生活目標的John McAvoy通過參與超級馬拉松比賽意識到了體育運動的積極作用，然后創(chuàng)辦Alpine Run Project幫助其他處境困難的年輕人的故事。
9．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“With the finish arch in the famous town of...McAvoy welled up with emotion.”和第二段“In that moment，he felt so free and alive.It was quite the opposite from where his life had been a decade before.He had just been released from prison after serving a 10-year sentence.”可知，John McAvoy在終點拱門前感覺自己極自由又富有生氣，這與十年前他刑滿釋放時截然不同，即他感覺仿佛完全重生了一樣。故選D。]
10．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“It was on this day，while running the ultramarathon，that he realized how impactful conquering(征服) this mountain run could be for inner-city kids like him.After all，sport had helped him live a normal life again and open up his world.”可知，John McAvoy認識到體育運動的重要性，是運動幫助他再次過上了正常的生活，打開了他的世界。故選B。]
11．C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“The participants，from refugees(難民) to young reformed criminals and those who grew up in Children’s Home，were matched with coaches，consultants and physiotherapists.”推知，無家可歸的少年最有可能參加這個比賽。故選C。]
12．D　[推理判斷題。綜合全文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)第四段的“With the help of Youth Beyond Borders，McAvoy started the Alpine Run Project...were matched with coaches，consultants and physiotherapists.”和第五段的“It was a life-changing high for Mahamud，inspiring her to keep running，take up martial arts and go to university to study physiotherapy.”以及第六段可知，John McAvoy在刑滿釋放后一直努力尋找生活目標，他意識到體育運動對于處于困境的孩子們有著巨大的影響力，因此他的故事可以鼓勵個人追求積極向上，散發(fā)積極能量，照亮周圍的世界，D項“奔向光明，成為光明”符合題意。故選D。](共45張PPT)
專題一　四選一閱讀
專題練(十)
新聞報道類閱讀
新聞報道類包含新聞事件的諸多元素，時間、地點、人物、起因、過程和結(jié)局。語篇特征明顯：都是由標題(Headline)、導語(Introduction)、背景(Background)、主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(Ending)五部分構(gòu)成。近年來高考新聞類文章一般隱去標題，卻在設題時要求考生在所給選項中選出最佳標題，考查學生對文章的概括能力。題型以細節(jié)理解題為主，兼顧推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題等。
知考法　明考向
內(nèi)容索引
做真題　悟技法
練模擬　提能力
(2024·新課標Ⅱ，B)
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes，we all have our phones，but many of us still like to ①go old school and read something printed.
做真題 悟技法
語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道，較易。文章主要講了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務，旨在滿足乘客閱讀需求，提升出行體驗并吸引更多乘客使用公共交通。
Well，there’s a kiosk(小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area，at least.
“You enter the fare gates(檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost，the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple.Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories，and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says.“And ②as of right now，we’ve received about 120 ③submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century，so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
24.Why did BART start the kiosk program
A.To promote the local culture. B.To discourage phone use.
C.To meet passengers’ needs. D.To reduce its running costs.
推理判斷題。文章首段揭示了乘客在車站可能面臨的一個常見問題——忘記帶讀物。盡管手機很方便，但許多人仍然喜歡閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍或文章。緊接著，文章描述了BART在舊金山灣區(qū)設置自助服務亭的情況，服務亭提供短篇小說或詩歌供乘客閱讀。因此，BART推出這個項目是為了給乘客提供閱讀材料，即滿足乘客的需求。故選C。
√
25.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A.By popularity. B.By length.
C.By theme. D.By language.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story”和“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”可知，自助服務亭中的故事按長度分類，乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B。
√
26.What has Trost been doing recently
A.Organizing a story contest. B.Doing a survey of customers.
C.Choosing a print publisher. D.Conducting interviews with artists.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中Trost說的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”以及“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”可知，Trost最近在組織一個故事競賽，獲勝作品將被放入自助服務亭供乘客閱讀。故選A。
√
27.What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A.It will close down. B.Its profits will decline.
C.It will expand nationwide. D.Its ridership will increase.
觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，Trost認為通過提升乘客體驗，包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，即乘客量將會增加。故選D。
√
①go old school __________
②as of ____________
③submission＝(派)submi(t)＋ssion __________
回歸老派
到……為止
提交作品
語境猜詞
返回
A
(2024·湖南長沙二模)
In a policy address to lawmakers，Japan’s Prime Minister said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”，and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”.
語篇解讀　本文是新聞報道。日本政府就本國人口危機發(fā)出了嚴重警告，稱由于出生率不斷下降，人口問題可能影響社會運轉(zhuǎn)。
練模擬 提能力
“In thinking of the ①sustainability and ②inclusiveness of our nation’s economy and society，we place child care support as our most important policy，” he said，adding that he wants the government to double its spending on ③child-related programs，and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue.
Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world，and it recorded fewer than 800,000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899.The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world；in 2020，nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were age 100 or older，according to government data.
These trends have driven a growing population problem，with a rapidly aging society，a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating(停滯) economy.The country’s high cost of living，limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children，meaning fewer couples are having kids.Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future，many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation.
How about other parts of East Asia South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate，with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime—far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population.Japan’s birth rate ④stands at 1.3，while the United States is at 1.6.Meanwhile，China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time，adding pressure to its economic growth.
1.How does the Japanese government feel about the falling birth rate
A.Surprised. B.Confused.
C.Embarrassed. D.Worried.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In a policy address to lawmakers，Japan’s Prime Minister said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue ‘now or never’，and that it ‘simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions’.”，再結(jié)合第二段談到的日本政府對出生率下降所采取的行動可推知，日本政府對此感到很擔憂。故選D。
√
2.Which of the following has led the birth rate in Japan to decline
A.The rapidly aging society. B.The high life expectancies.
C.The shortage of workforce. D.The various stresses of life.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“The country’s high cost of living，limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children，meaning fewer couples are having kids.”可知，各種生活壓力導致越來越少的夫婦愿意生養(yǎng)孩子，于是出現(xiàn)出生率下降的情況。故選D。
√
3.What are the statistics in the last paragraph used to show
A.Ignorance of the birth rate.
B.Serious population crisis.
C.Weak care services for children.
D.Potential harm to women’s health.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate...far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population...adding pressure to its economic growth.”可推知，最后一段的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)用來說明嚴重的人口危機。故選B。
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Society. B.Health.
C.Education. D.Science.
√
文章出處題。結(jié)合全文尤其是第一段可知，本文主要講了由于人口出生率下降，日本政府采取了相應措施，并分析了出現(xiàn)人口危機的原因，最后一段還指出在東亞存在的人口危機問題。人口以及出生率屬于社會問題。故選A。
①sustainability＝(派)sustain＋able＋ity __________
②inclusiveness＝(派)inclusive＋ness _________
③child-related＝(合)child＋related ______________
④stand at ___________________
語境猜詞
可持續(xù)性
包容(性)
與兒童相關(guān)的
達特定水平；處于
B
(2024·重慶二模)
We’re all familiar with the idea of climate change and how our planet is warming.Extremes in temperature have become more ①commonplace，making parts of the world difficult to live in.But one place where extreme heat is making life very uncomfortable is our cities.Luckily，innovation might be keeping it under control.
語篇解讀　本文是新聞報道。文章主要介紹人們正在尋求和嘗試不同的解決方案給城市降溫。
As thermometers(溫度計) record temperatures，sometimes above 50 degrees Celsius，solutions are being sought to cool the air in our cities.In India，for example，heatwaves and rapid ②urbanization have led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units，adding to CO2 emissions.So，architects，looking for a sustainable cooling solution，are copying an ancient lattice(框架) design，used in old buildings like the Taj Mahal，to construct comfortable，③low-carbon buildings.Yatin Pandya told the BBC，“Traditional architectural forms have proven their performance in combating environmental conditions.”
In America，about 80% of the population lives in cities，and it’s these cities that suffer from an urban heat island effect，caused by factors such as trapped waste heat，concrete structures and pavements absorbing the sun and tall buildings blocking the wind.Residents and developers have tried to cool these places by planting large trees that offer shade and putting plants and gardens on top of roofs to help trap heat.And in Los Angeles，there’s an experiment to cover streets with ④light-coloured material that reflects rather than absorbs the sun and so they remain cooler than typical black roads.
But it’s satellites in space that are really giving us the best picture of our over-heated cities.Glynn Hulley，who is leading an image-capturing project，called the Land Surface Temperature Monitoring mission，told the BBC，“The data can be used to identify hot spots，weak regions，and assess the cooling impacts of heat mitigation(緩解) approaches.” It’s already found how green spaces，white roads and water features have helped prevent our cities from boiling over.But with extreme heat still ⑤posing a threat to our lives，more solutions are still needed.
5.What leads to the increase of CO2 emissions
A.The invention of thermometers.
B.The imitation of traditional architecture.
C.The building of concrete structures.
D.The application of air-conditioning units.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In India，for example，heatwaves and rapid urbanization have led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units，adding to CO2 emissions.”可知，空調(diào)的使用增加了二氧化碳的排放。故選D。
√
6.Why is Los Angeles mentioned
A.To show people are trying to solve the problem.
B.To prove it is miserable to suffer from heat.
C.To demonstrate the benefit of modern buildings.
D.To support the idea of low-carbon construction.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Residents and developers have tried to cool these places by planting large trees that offer shade and putting plants and gardens on top of roofs to help trap heat.”以及后面舉的洛杉磯的例子可知，提到洛杉磯是為了表明人們正在努力解決高溫的問題。故選A。
7.What is the Land Surface Temperature Monitoring misson aimed at
A.Identifying city features.
B.Emphasizing threats to lives.
C.Evaluating the cooling effect.
D.Testing image-capturing technology.
√
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“The data can be used to identify hot spots，weak regions，and assess the cooling impacts of heat mitigation(緩解) approaches.”可知，地表溫度監(jiān)測工作的目的是要評估冷卻效果。故選C。
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.Cities in Danger
B.Cooling Hot Cities
C.Dramatic Climate Change
D.Temperature Monitoring Mission
√
標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“We’re all familiar with the idea of climate change and how our planet is warming...Luckily，innovation might be keeping it under control.”和第二段首句“As thermometers(溫度計) record temperatures，sometimes above 50 degrees Celsius，solutions are being sought to cool the air in our cities.”以及下文對人們采取的為城市降溫的不同做法的介紹可知，B項(為酷熱的城市降溫)符合題意。故選B。
①commonplace＝(合)common＋place ________
②urbanization＝(派)urban＋iz(e)＋ation ________________
③low-carbon＝(合)low＋carbon _________
④light-coloured＝(合)light＋coloured ________
⑤pose a threat to ________________
普遍的
城市化，都市化
低碳的
語境猜詞
淺色的
對……構(gòu)成威脅
C
(2024·山東濰坊一模)
On a bright September day in the French Alps in 2022，John McAvoy was running 38 kilometres into a very exhausting ultramarathon through rough mountain paths.Battling tiredness，he pushed his body and mind through the final ①leg of the race.With the finish arch in the famous town of Chamonix just four kilometres away and the ②cloud-topped peak of Mont Blanc high over him，McAvoy ③welled up with emotion.
語篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了刑滿釋放后一直努力尋找生活目標的John McAvoy通過參與超級馬拉松比賽意識到了體育運動的積極作用，然后創(chuàng)辦Alpine Run Project幫助其他處境困難的年輕人的故事。
In that moment，he felt so free and alive.It was quite the opposite from where his life had been a decade before.He had just been released from prison after serving a 10-year ④sentence.
Now 40 years old，McAvoy has spent the last 10 years rebuilding his life from one of crime to one with purpose.It was on this day，while running the ultramarathon，that he realized how ⑤impactful conquering(征服) this mountain run could be for inner-city kids like him.After all，sport had helped him live a normal life again and open up his world.It could do the same for others.
With the help of Youth Beyond Borders，McAvoy started the Alpine Run Project，which recently led 12 disadvantaged British young people through their own Mont Blanc races.The participants，from refugees(難民) to young reformed criminals and those who grew up in Children’s Home，were matched with coaches，consultants and physiotherapists.After a six-month training program，the youth travelled to the Alps to meet up with McAvoy for their race.
McAvoy says the highlight of this project for him was watching Yasmin Mahamud，a 20-year-old refugee from Syria，run through the finish arch and into the arms of her new friends.It was ⑥a life-changing high for Mahamud，inspiring her to keep running，take up martial arts and go to university to study physiotherapy.
“It changed my point of view on life，” says Mahamud.Pushing herself to complete the race gave her a brief experience of her own potential through hard work and devotion.“I will always be thankful to John for giving me this opportunity and guidance.”
9.How did McAvoy feel before the finish arch
A.He felt totally collapsed.
B.He was peaceful and hopeful.
C.He was satisfied with his pace.
D.He felt as if completely reborn.
√
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“With the finish arch in the famous town of...McAvoy welled up with emotion.”和第二段“In that moment，he felt so free and alive.It was quite the opposite from where his life had been a decade before.He had just been released from prison after serving a 10-year sentence.”可知，John McAvoy在終點拱門前感覺自己極自由又富有生氣，這與十年前他刑滿釋放時截然不同，即他感覺仿佛完全重生了一樣。故選D。
10.What can we learn about McAvoy from paragraph 3
A.He was a builder 10 years ago.
B.He realized the importance of sport.
C.He ran to make up for his past wrongs.
D.He had sympathy for the inner-city children.
√
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“It was on this day，while running the ultramarathon，that he realized how impactful conquering(征服) this mountain run could be for inner-city kids like him.After all，sport had helped him live a normal life again and open up his world.”可知，John McAvoy認識到體育運動的重要性，是運動幫助他再次過上了正常的生活，打開了他的世界。故選B。
11.Who most probably took part in the Mont Blanc races
A.A running coach. B.A travel lover.
C.A homeless teenager. D.A skilled athlete.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“The participants，from refugees(難民) to young reformed criminals and those who grew up in Children’s Home，were matched with coaches，consultants and physiotherapists.”推知，無家可歸的少年最有可能參加這個比賽。故選C。
12.What message does McAvoy’s story convey
A.Live for the moment.
B.Dream big and climb high.
C.After the storm comes the rainbow.
D.Run after the light and become the light.
√
推理判斷題。綜合全文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)第四段的“With the help of Youth Beyond Borders，McAvoy started the Alpine Run Project...were matched with coaches，consultants and physiotherapists.”和第五段的“It was a life-changing high for Mahamud，inspiring her to keep running，take up martial arts and go to university to study physiotherapy.”以及第六段可知，John McAvoy在刑滿釋放后一直努力尋找生活目標，他意識到體育運動對于處于困境的孩子們有著巨大的影響力，因此他的故事可以鼓勵個人追求積極向上，散發(fā)積極能量，照亮周圍的世界，D項“奔向光明，成為光明”符合題意。故選D。
①leg(熟義：腿)　生義(文義)： __________________
②cloud-topped＝(合)cloud＋topped ____________
③well up with emotion __________
④sentence(熟義：句子)　生義(文義)： ______
⑤impactful＝(派)impact＋ful __________________
⑥a life-changing high _____________________
一段路程(或賽程)
高聳入云的
情緒激動
返回
語境猜詞
判刑
有效的；有影響的
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