資源簡介

專題練(七)　說明文閱讀(3)
(2023·全國乙，C改編)
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips，or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently ①top the bestseller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more ②adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some ways.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to，and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills，and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession(癡迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and ③documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain.
B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes.
D．It deserves a high reputation.
29．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative.
C．Profitable. D．Influential.
30．How does author explain the study result in paragraph 3？(改編)
A．By giving examples.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By stating statistical data.
D．By introducing a concept.
31．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries.
B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK.
D．Studies of big eaters.
語境猜詞 ①top (轉) n．→v.____________________ ②adventurous＝(派)adventur(e)＋ous ____________________ ③documentary＝(派)document＋ary____________________
以上文章中第30題考查寫作手法，第31題考查后續(xù)內(nèi)容預測，解題技法如下：
A
(2024·山西一模)
While we aim to avoid any appearance of baseless theories，it is ①noteworthy to observe the ②long-standing practice of putting magnets(磁鐵) in cows，a phenomenon that has been carefully unfolding for years.Why are farmers putting magnets in cows
Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with “hardware disease”．Hardware Disease occurs after an animal eats a ③metallic object that then makes a hole in the wall of the reticulum，the second stomach room in ruminant animals(反芻動物)．This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants，similar to a person at an unlimited food event—quickly and eagerly large bites without sufficient chewing.This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to ④unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food，including broken farm machinery parts，nails and wires used in fencing，for instance.
Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures，digestive problems，and unease for the animals.To ⑤address hardware disease，the main strategy is to prevent metal from entering the cattle’s diet.Farmers have also adopted the method of placing cow magnets into the stomach using either a stomach tube or a balling gun.The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.These magnets，once positioned，remain within the animals throughout their lifespan，only being removed after death when the cows pass away or are processed for meat.
Moseley，a Veterinary Medicine professor，states in a hardware disease resource，“The magnet gathers foreign metallic objects，reducing the risk of making a hole in the reticulum.” Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality.
1．Why are magnets put in cows
A．To change feeding habits.
B．To prevent hardware disease.
C．To improve the milk quality.
D．To enhance digestive system.
2．What is the main cause of hardware disease in ruminant animals
A．Eating without chewing.
B．Taking magnets by mistake.
C．Chewing hard food sufficiently.
D．Swallowing metals accidentally.
3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To describe the historical practice of putting magnets in cows.
B．To deny the adoption of cow magnets to enhance cattle health.
C．To discuss the influence of a mild magnetic field on milk quality.
D．To explain the reason for using magnets to prevent hardware disease.
4．What might be a logical continuation of the passage
A．Exploring more potential benefits of placing magnets inside cows.
B．Investigating the broader applications of magnets.
C．Discussing the alternative methods of caring for cows.
D．Evaluating the long-term effects of magnets on animals.
語境猜詞 ①noteworthy＝(合)note＋worthy____________________ ②long-standing＝(合)long＋standing____________________ ③metallic＝(派)metal＋l＋ic____________________ ④unintentionally＝(派)un＋intention＋al＋ly____________________ ⑤address(熟義：地址)　生義(文義)：____________________
B
(2024·廣東深圳二模)
For decades，scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body.Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier，it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system(免疫系統(tǒng))．Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body The answer，according to a growing body of evidence，is no.
The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing.Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms(微生物) in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy(孕期) could lead to brain diseases in babies.
The effect is ①two-way.There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system，but the brain plays a large part in them.For example，the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite.Evidence is ④mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread.
The ②interconnection between brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses.If some brain disorders start outside the brain，then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside.Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，the heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.
It also works in the opposite direction.Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation.Activation of the brain reward centre—called the ventral tegmental area (VTA)—seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it.Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers，enhance responses to vaccines(疫苗) and even ③re-evaluate physical diseases that，for centuries，have not been considered as being psychologically driven.
5．What do the researchers focus on about the brain
A．Its protective system.
B．Its exposure to diseases.
C．Its controlling function.
D．Its connection to the body.
6．How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2
A．By explaining a theory.
B．By providing examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By presenting cause and effect.
7．Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
A．Cheaper. B．More specific.
C．Safer. D．More direct.
8．What does the study suggest in the last paragraph
A．Brain health depends on immune changes.
B．Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions.
C．The brain can help enhance psychological health.
D．The brain may be key to treating physical diseases.
語境猜詞 ①two-way＝(合)two＋way____________________ ②interconnection＝(派)inter＋connection____________________ ③re-evaluate＝(派)re＋evaluate____________________ ④mount(熟義：山)　生義(文義)：____________________
C
(2024·福建福州三模)
Urban agriculture，the practice of farming within the restrictions of a city，is becoming increasingly popular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative to big industrial farms.By some estimates，between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.But until recently，its carbon footprint remains understudied.
Using data from 73 ①low-tech city farms，community gardens and personal plots of land，Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.The team found that because of urban gardens’ relatively low yields，along with the energy used in constructing the planting beds，big-city spuds(馬鈴薯) were significantly more ②carbon-intensive than commercially grown ones.This held true even when the researchers factored in emissions from transporting commercially grown produce to often distant grocery stores.That doesn’t mean that growing vegetables in big cities is totally bad，however.“Urban farming is great，” if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus，a food choice expert.It can be a powerful tool for job creation and education，she says，and a good way to introduce fresh produce to urban “food deserts” where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.Community gardens can also provide a place to connect with nature，and the added green space can reduce the risks of heat and flooding.
Conscious of these benefits，Newell’s team highlighted several ways to make urban agriculture more sustainable.One option is to be selective about what crops are grown.For instance，tomatoes grown in the soil of open-air urban plots had a lower carbon intensity than tomatoes grown in conventional greenhouses.Another strategy is to rely on existing constructions.Include old structures into a new garden’s design instead of taking down old buildings.Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ③ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(殺蟲劑)，all of which affect the environment.
9．What can we know about urban agriculture from paragraph 1
A．It is thoroughly researched.
B．It is welcomed by city people.
C．It is environmentally friendly.
D．It is limited to industrial farms.
10．How does the author explain the reason for urban agriculture’s higher carbon intensity
A．By making a comparison.
B．By telling a story.
C．By giving a definition.
D．By using a quote.
11．According to Carola，what is a benefit of urban agriculture
A．It adds variety to urban people’s diet.
B．It provides recreational opportunities.
C．It strengthens the bonds of community.
D．It helps to contain drought and flooding.
12．What is recommended to make urban agriculture more sustainable
A．Reconstructing gardens.
B．Developing greenhouse crops.
C．Selecting ④pesticide-free vegetables.
D．Growing plants suited to local conditions.
語境猜詞 ①low-tech＝(合)low＋tech____________________ ②carbon-intensive＝(合)carbon＋intensive____________________ ③ill-suited＝(合)ill＋suited____________________ ④pesticide-free＝(合)pesticide＋free____________________
語境猜詞答案
[做真題　悟技法]　①居……之首；為……之冠　②有冒險精神的；大膽開拓的　③紀錄影片；紀實節(jié)目
[練模擬　提能力]　A．①值得注意的　②存在已久的　③含金屬的；金屬制的
④無意地　⑤設法解決，處理　B．①雙向的　②相互關聯(lián)　③再評估，重新考慮　④逐步增加　C．①技術含量低的　②碳密集的　③不合適的　④無農(nóng)藥的
答案精析
做真題　悟技法
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國人在烹飪節(jié)目的影響下改變對烹飪的看法并嘗試新的烹飪習慣。
28．A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前三句以及第四句中的“Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可知，人們通常會覺得英國食物平淡無奇。故選A。]
29．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和最后一句以及第三段內(nèi)容可知，英國的烹飪節(jié)目改變了英國人對烹飪的看法，使其嘗試從傳統(tǒng)的英式飲食中走出來，并培養(yǎng)新的烹飪習慣，由此推知英國的烹飪節(jié)目具有很大的影響力。故選D。]
30．C　[寫作手法題。根據(jù)第三段中的“1 in 5 Britons say that...Almost one third say...and just under 1 in 4 say...One in four adults say...”可知，作者通過展示市場分析數(shù)據(jù)來解釋研究結果。故選C。]
31．B　[后續(xù)內(nèi)容預測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，接下來，文章應該具體介紹電視上的男性廚師，從而與上文形成語義連貫。故選B。]
練模擬　提能力
1．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’．”和第三段中的“Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures...The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.”可知，將磁鐵放置在牛體內(nèi)，可以吸引金屬物體，防止金屬固定在動物的組織里，從而預防創(chuàng)傷性胃炎。故選B。]
2．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants...This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food...”可知，反芻動物得創(chuàng)傷性胃炎是因為它們在沒有充分咀嚼的情況下快速而急切地大口進食，這會使它們無意中吃掉食物中的金屬碎片。故選D。]
3．D　[寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段末句“Why are farmers putting magnets in cows？”和第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’．”可知，本文主要解釋了在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵預防創(chuàng)傷性胃炎這種做法的原因。故選D。]
4．A　[后續(xù)內(nèi)容預測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality.”可知，在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵除了能夠防止創(chuàng)傷性胃炎外，還能夠改善血液循環(huán)，幫助恢復，而不會對牛或牛奶質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生重大影響，由此可推測出，接下來文章可能會談在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵的更多潛在好處。故選A。]
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了人腦和身體在病理上的緊密聯(lián)系以及給我們治療疾病帶來的啟示。
5．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body？”可知，研究人員想知道大腦跟身體是不是真的如此分離開，也就是他們關注大腦與身體之間的聯(lián)系，因此答案為D。]
6．B　[寫作手法題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，作者先提出“有許多腦部疾病與身體其他部分改變相關”的觀點，然后列舉了消化系統(tǒng)微生物組成的改變與帕金森病有關和孕期感染導致嬰兒腦部疾病兩個例子來支持他的觀點，因此答案為B。]
7．C　[細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段末句“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.”可知，通過消化系統(tǒng)、心臟或其他器官就能起作用的療法會比那些必須穿過血腦屏障的療法簡單得多且風險更小，因此答案為C。]
8．D　[推理判斷題。上一段講了間接的身體治療方式對治療大腦疾病有效，本段首句“反過來也有效”說明對大腦的積極刺激也有助于治療身體疾病。并且下文舉了小老鼠的例子：實驗室中接受特定大腦區(qū)域刺激的小老鼠能擁有更健康的心臟。因此我們可以得出：一些身體疾病的治療也可以從大腦入手，因此答案為D。]
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了城市農(nóng)業(yè)越來越受歡迎，并講了其缺點和優(yōu)點以及使城市農(nóng)業(yè)更具可持續(xù)性的策略。
9．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Urban agriculture...is becoming increasingly popular...between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.”可知，從第一段我們可以知道城市農(nóng)業(yè)受到城市居民的歡迎。故選B。]
10．A　[寫作手法題。根據(jù)第二段中“...Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.”可知，作者通過作比較的方法來解釋城市農(nóng)業(yè)碳強度較高的原因。故選A。]
11．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Urban farming is great，’ if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus...It can be a...good way to introduce fresh produce to urban ‘food deserts’ where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.”可推知，城市農(nóng)業(yè)的好處之一是它增加了城市居民飲食的多樣性。故選A。]
12．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(殺蟲劑)，all of which affect the environment.”可知，文章建議種植適合當?shù)丨h(huán)境的植物，這樣可以使城市農(nóng)業(yè)更加可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選D。](共45張PPT)
專題一　四選一閱讀
專題練(七)
說明文閱讀(3)
內(nèi)容索引
做真題　悟技法
練模擬　提能力
(2023·全國乙，C改編)
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips，or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently ①top the bestseller lists.
做真題 悟技法
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國人在烹飪節(jié)目的影響下改變對烹飪的看法并嘗試新的烹飪習慣。
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more ②adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some ways.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to，and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills，and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession(癡迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and ③documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28.What do people usually think of British food
A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前三句以及第四句中的“Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可知，人們通常會覺得英國食物平淡無奇。故選A。
√
29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative. B.Creative.
C.Profitable. D.Influential.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和最后一句以及第三段內(nèi)容可知，英國的烹飪節(jié)目改變了英國人對烹飪的看法，使其嘗試從傳統(tǒng)的英式飲食中走出來，并培養(yǎng)新的烹飪習慣，由此推知英國的烹飪節(jié)目具有很大的影響力。故選D。
√
30.How does author explain the study result in paragraph 3？(改編)
A.By giving examples. B.By making a comparison.
C.By stating statistical data. D.By introducing a concept.
寫作手法題。根據(jù)第三段中的“1 in 5 Britons say that...Almost one third say...and just under 1 in 4 say...One in four adults say...”可知，作者通過展示市場分析數(shù)據(jù)來解釋研究結果。故選C。
√
31.What might the author continue talking about
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
后續(xù)內(nèi)容預測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，接下來，文章應該具體介紹電視上的男性廚師，從而與上文形成語義連貫。故選B。
√
①top (轉) n.→v. ________________________
②adventurous＝(派)adventur(e)＋ous __________________________
③documentary＝(派)document＋ary _____________________
居……之首；為……之冠
有冒險精神的；大膽開拓的
紀錄影片；紀實節(jié)目
語境猜詞
以上文章中第30題考查寫作手法，第31題考查后續(xù)內(nèi)容預測，解題技法如下：
返回
技法點撥
A
(2024·山西一模)
While we aim to avoid any appearance of baseless theories，it is ①noteworthy to observe the ②long-standing practice of putting magnets(磁鐵) in cows，a phenomenon that has been carefully unfolding for years.Why are farmers putting magnets in cows
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要解釋了在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵這種做法的原因。
練模擬 提能力
Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with “hardware disease”.Hardware Disease occurs after an animal eats a ③metallic object that then makes a hole in the wall of the reticulum，the second stomach room in ruminant animals(反芻動物).This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants，similar to a person at an unlimited food event—quickly and eagerly large bites without sufficient chewing.This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to ④unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food，including broken farm machinery parts，nails and wires used in fencing，for instance.
Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures，digestive problems，and unease for the animals.To ⑤address hardware disease，the main strategy is to prevent metal from entering the cattle’s diet.Farmers have also adopted the method of placing cow magnets into the stomach using either a stomach tube or a balling gun.The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.These magnets，once positioned，remain within the animals throughout their lifespan，only being removed after death when the cows pass away or are processed for meat.
Moseley，a Veterinary Medicine professor，states in a hardware disease resource，“The magnet gathers foreign metallic objects，reducing the risk of making a hole in the reticulum.” Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality.
1.Why are magnets put in cows
A.To change feeding habits. B.To prevent hardware disease.
C.To improve the milk quality. D.To enhance digestive system.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’.”和第三段中的“Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures...The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.”可知，將磁鐵放置在牛體內(nèi)，可以吸引金屬物體，防止金屬固定在動物的組織里，從而預防創(chuàng)傷性胃炎。故選B。
√
2.What is the main cause of hardware disease in ruminant animals
A.Eating without chewing.
B.Taking magnets by mistake.
C.Chewing hard food sufficiently.
D.Swallowing metals accidentally.
√
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants...This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food...”可知，反芻動物得創(chuàng)傷性胃炎是因為它們在沒有充分咀嚼的情況下快速而急切地大口進食，這會使它們無意中吃掉食物中的金屬碎片。故選D。
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A.To describe the historical practice of putting magnets in cows.
B.To deny the adoption of cow magnets to enhance cattle health.
C.To discuss the influence of a mild magnetic field on milk quality.
D.To explain the reason for using magnets to prevent hardware disease.
√
寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段末句“Why are farmers putting magnets in cows？”和第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’.”可知，本文主要解釋了在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵預防創(chuàng)傷性胃炎這種做法的原因。故選D。
4.What might be a logical continuation of the passage
A.Exploring more potential benefits of placing magnets inside cows.
B.Investigating the broader applications of magnets.
C.Discussing the alternative methods of caring for cows.
D.Evaluating the long-term effects of magnets on animals.
√
后續(xù)內(nèi)容預測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality.”可知，在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵除了能夠防止創(chuàng)傷性胃炎外，還能夠改善血液循環(huán)，幫助恢復，而不會對牛或牛奶質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生重大影響，由此可推測出，接下來文章可能會談在牛體內(nèi)放磁鐵的更多潛在好處。故選A。
①noteworthy＝(合)note＋worthy _____________
②long-standing＝(合)long＋standing ____________
③metallic＝(派)metal＋l＋ic _____________________
④unintentionally＝(派)un＋intention＋al＋ly ________
⑤address(熟義：地址)　生義(文義)： ________________
語境猜詞
值得注意的
存在已久的
含金屬的；金屬制的
無意地
設法解決，處理
B
(2024·廣東深圳二模)
For decades，scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body.Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier，it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system(免疫系統(tǒng)).Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body The answer，according to a growing body of evidence，is no.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了人腦和身體在病理上的緊密聯(lián)系以及給我們治療疾病帶來的啟示。
The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing.Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms(微生物) in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy(孕期) could lead to brain diseases in babies.
The effect is ①two-way.There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system，but the brain plays a large part in them.For example，the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite.Evidence is ④mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread.
The ②interconnection between brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses.If some brain disorders start outside the brain，then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside.Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，the heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.
It also works in the opposite direction.Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation.Activation of the brain reward centre—called the ventral tegmental area (VTA)—seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it.Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers，enhance responses to vaccines(疫苗) and even ③re-evaluate physical diseases that，for centuries，have not been considered as being psychologically driven.
5.What do the researchers focus on about the brain
A.Its protective system.
B.Its exposure to diseases.
C.Its controlling function.
D.Its connection to the body.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body？”可知，研究人員想知道大腦跟身體是不是真的如此分離開，也就是他們關注大腦與身體之間的聯(lián)系，因此答案為D。
√
6.How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2
A.By explaining a theory. B.By providing examples.
C.By making comparisons. D.By presenting cause and effect.
寫作手法題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，作者先提出“有許多腦部疾病與身體其他部分改變相關”的觀點，然后列舉了消化系統(tǒng)微生物組成的改變與帕金森病有關和孕期感染導致嬰兒腦部疾病兩個例子來支持他的觀點，因此答案為B。
√
7.Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
A.Cheaper. B.More specific.
C.Safer. D.More direct.
√
細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段末句“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.”可知，通過消化系統(tǒng)、心臟或其他器官就能起作用的療法會比那些必須穿過血腦屏障的療法簡單得多且風險更小，因此答案為C。
8.What does the study suggest in the last paragraph
A.Brain health depends on immune changes.
B.Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions.
C.The brain can help enhance psychological health.
D.The brain may be key to treating physical diseases.
√
推理判斷題。上一段講了間接的身體治療方式對治療大腦疾病有效，本段首句“反過來也有效”說明對大腦的積極刺激也有助于治療身體疾病。并且下文舉了小老鼠的例子：實驗室中接受特定大腦區(qū)域刺激的小老鼠能擁有更健康的心臟。因此我們可以得出：一些身體疾病的治療也可以從大腦入手，因此答案為D。
①two-way＝(合)two＋way ________
②interconnection＝(派)inter＋connection _________
③re-evaluate＝(派)re＋evaluate __________________
④mount(熟義：山)　生義(文義)： ___________
雙向的
相互關聯(lián)
再評估，重新考慮
語境猜詞
逐步增加
C
(2024·福建福州三模)
Urban agriculture，the practice of farming within the restrictions of a city，is becoming increasingly popular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative to big industrial farms.By some estimates，between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.But until recently，its carbon footprint remains understudied.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了城市農(nóng)業(yè)越來越受歡迎，并講了其缺點和優(yōu)點以及使城市農(nóng)業(yè)更具可持續(xù)性的策略。
Using data from 73 ①low-tech city farms，community gardens and personal plots of land，Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.The team found that because of urban gardens’ relatively low yields，along with the energy used in constructing the planting beds，big-city spuds(馬鈴薯) were significantly more ②carbon-intensive than commercially grown ones.This held true even when the researchers factored in emissions from transporting commercially grown produce to often distant grocery stores.
That doesn’t mean that growing vegetables in big cities is totally bad，however.“Urban farming is great，” if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus，a food choice expert.It can be a powerful tool for job creation and education，she says，and a good way to introduce fresh produce to urban “food deserts” where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.Community gardens can also provide a place to connect with nature，and the added green space can reduce the risks of heat and flooding.
Conscious of these benefits，Newell’s team highlighted several ways to make urban agriculture more sustainable.One option is to be selective about what crops are grown.For instance，tomatoes grown in the soil of open-air urban plots had a lower carbon intensity than tomatoes grown in conventional greenhouses.Another strategy is to rely on existing constructions.Include old structures into a new garden’s design instead of taking down old buildings.Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ③ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(殺蟲劑)，all of which affect the environment.
9.What can we know about urban agriculture from paragraph 1
A.It is thoroughly researched.
B.It is welcomed by city people.
C.It is environmentally friendly.
D.It is limited to industrial farms.
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Urban agriculture...is becoming increasingly popular...between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.”可知，從第一段我們可以知道城市農(nóng)業(yè)受到城市居民的歡迎。故選B。
√
10.How does the author explain the reason for urban agriculture’s higher carbon intensity
A.By making a comparison. B.By telling a story.
C.By giving a definition. D.By using a quote.
√
寫作手法題。根據(jù)第二段中“...Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.”可知，作者通過作比較的方法來解釋城市農(nóng)業(yè)碳強度較高的原因。故選A。
11.According to Carola，what is a benefit of urban agriculture
A.It adds variety to urban people’s diet.
B.It provides recreational opportunities.
C.It strengthens the bonds of community.
D.It helps to contain drought and flooding.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Urban farming is great，’ if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus...It can be a...good way to introduce fresh produce to urban ‘food deserts’ where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.”可推知，城市農(nóng)業(yè)的好處之一是它增加了城市居民飲食的多樣性。故選A。
12.What is recommended to make urban agriculture more sustainable
A.Reconstructing gardens.
B.Developing greenhouse crops.
C.Selecting ④pesticide-free vegetables.
D.Growing plants suited to local conditions.
√
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(殺蟲劑)，all of which affect the environment.”可知，文章建議種植適合當?shù)丨h(huán)境的植物，這樣可以使城市農(nóng)業(yè)更加可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選D。
①low-tech＝(合)low＋tech ____________
②carbon-intensive＝(合)carbon＋intensive __________
③ill-suited＝(合)ill＋suited __________
④pesticide-free＝(合)pesticide＋free __________
技術含量低的
碳密集的
不合適的
返回
語境猜詞
無農(nóng)藥的

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