資源簡介

專題練(六)　說明文閱讀(2)
(2023·新課標Ⅱ，C改編)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them ①came into being.In artists’ ②representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描繪) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate_to.
Books themselves may be used ③symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as ④interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And ⑤in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity.
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
29．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect.
B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading.
D．Work and leisure.
30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
31．What does the author think of the printed book (改編)
A．It’s out of date.
B．It’s expensive.
C．It’s unchanged.
D．It’s valuable.
語境猜詞 ①come into being____________________ ②representation＝(派)represent＋ation____________________ ③symbolically＝(派)symbol＋ic＋ally____________________ ④interactive＝(派)inter＋act＋ive____________________ ⑤in contrast to____________________
以上文章中第28題考查文章出處，第31題考查觀點態度，解題技法如下：
A
(2024·安徽合肥一模)
A pair of researchers with Leibniz University Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals.As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm，Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddadin showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac ①fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.
The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations，but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain.“Pain is a system that protects us，” says Kuehn.“When we avoid the source of pain，it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it.The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be，the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger.Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them.
They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature.It uses a robot-tissue patch(小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take.For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of ②lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.
Such robots are likely to raise ③a host of questions，of course，if they become more common—if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate，are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more ④human-like than ever.
1．What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration
A．They can learn skills like animals.
B．They can communicate with people.
C．They have the ability to feel pain.
D．They respond differently to requests.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The significance of teaching robots to feel pain.
B．The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries.
C．The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system.
D．The value of protecting human workers from injury.
3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3
A．The robot arm is smart enough to carry out different tasks.
B．The robot arm can work as well as a human operator.
C．The robot arm can react differently based on degrees of pain.
D．The robot arm is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study
A．⑤Dismissive. B．Pessimistic.
C．Unclear. D．Optimistic.
語境猜詞 ①fingertip＝(合)finger＋tip____________________ ②lockdown＝(合)lock＋down____________________ ③a host of ____________________ ④human-like＝(合)human＋like____________________ ⑤dismissive＝(派)dismiss＋ive____________________
B
(2024·河北滄州一模)
“Moja，mbili，tatu...”One，two，three.Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school.Delighted and proud，she counts to 20，but her mother，Zefrina Nandia，adds that Juliana can keep counting，and that she also can do some reading.
Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania，where many children stay at home all day，①cut off from social contact and schooling.The project improves school facilities and raises local community’s awareness about education.They train teachers and lobby(游說) the local authorities.In these ways，IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone.
Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael，who gets in touch with families to get an ②overview of children’s needs and school options.Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana，but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children.
Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education.Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child’s disability.During the first year of the project,270 children with special needs have been evaluated，and of these,200 got the chance to go to school.The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.“When teaching children with special needs，we know whom to pay extra attention to.This means a closer relation between teachers and students，” says Scolastica.
It’s a year since Juliana got into the classroom，and her mother notices definite improvement.“She used to be lonely and unhappy.Now，she’s much happier and always wants to go to school，” says Zefrina.The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community.“Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs.Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，” says Bwigane.
5．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana.
B．The challenges faced by Tanzanian children.
C．The success story of a school project in Tanzania.
D．IAS’s efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania.
6．What does the underlined word “enroll” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Assess. B．Award.
C．Accept. D．Contact.
7．What do the teachers think of the IAS’s project
A．It helps the teachers know their students better.
B．It improves the relationship between the teachers.
C．It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs.
D．It provides disabled students with a chance to recover.
8．How does the IAS’s project benefit the community
A．Disadvantaged children receive financial support.
B．The overall awareness of education is raised.
C．More schools are willing to admit local children.
D．Belief in government’s policies is strengthened.
語境猜詞 ①cut off from ____________________ ②overview＝(派)over＋view ____________________
C
(2024·河北二模)
For the past decade，one of the most linguistically(語言地) diverse places in the world，square mile after square mile，has been my home：Queens，New York.
The soundtrack outside my door is ①extraordinary：On any given block，passing voices speak varieties of Polish，Ukrainian，Egyptian Arabic，Mexican Spanish，Puerto Rican Spanish，Dominican Spanish，and all the forms of New York City English they give rise to.
As a person who studies languages，I can usually distinguish them from one another，but understand only a part of what people are saying.
Users of Seke，a language from five villages in Nepal with 700 speakers，live a subway ride away.In certain stores，Albanians，Bosnians，Serbs，and Montenegrins all reunite，using the languages of the former Yugoslavia as if the country still existed.No group has a majority，or even 15 percent of the neighborhood，and most are at just 5 or 10 percent.English acts，for the most part，as a vital lingua franca(通用語)．This last point is crucial，because a city can be a haven(避難所) for ②diversity but also an end point.
My neighborhood has its signature sound，but there are several dozen others that are just as diverse，each in a different way.
These are the places where the Endangered Language Alliance，the ③nonprofit I co-direct，has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey and other data sets say don’t officially exist，and more than 700 in total.
That linguistic portrait makes clear that early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages—ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere.And this deep linguistic diversity is among the least explored but possibly most important factors in New York’s history and make-up.New York’s soul can be found in the existence of these many，many languages，explaining New York’s particular capacity for ④tolerance and its ability to “make room” for others.
9．What may be the author’s occupation
A．An economist. B．A historian.
C．A linguist. D．A reporter.
10．What can be inferred about the languages in New York City
A．They are close to disappearing.
B．They are mainly spoken by villagers.
C．English is the most popular language.
D．Many of them are not officially recognized.
11．What does the underlined word “hounded” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Protected. B．Threatened.
C．Respected. D．Accepted.
12．From which book might the text have been taken
A．Language City.
B．The Development of Languages.
C．Endangered Languages in New York.
D．The Importance of Language Diversity.
語境猜詞 ①extraordinary＝(派)extra＋ordinary____________________ ②diversity＝(派)divers(e)＋ity____________________ ③nonprofit＝(派)non＋profit____________________ ④tolerance＝(派)toler(ate)＋ance ____________________
語境猜詞答案
[做真題　悟技法]　①產生；形成　②描述；表現　③象征性地　④交互式的；互相影響的　⑤與……形成對比
[練模擬　提能力]　A．①指尖　②鎖定　③許多，大量　④似人類的　⑤輕蔑的
B．①與……不接觸　②縱覽；概況　C．①異乎尋常的　②多樣性，多樣化
③非營利的　④忍受，容忍
答案精析
做真題　悟技法
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了收錄近三百件來自博物館和世界各地的收藏品的一本書——Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers。書中以藝術作品的形式記錄了不同時期人們閱讀的場景，論述了在通信技術發達的現在，紙質書仍然具有互動性，并沒有過時。
28．A　[文章出處題。根據第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’，artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，本文圍繞Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers這本書展開介紹，可推測本文最有可能出自該書的序言。故選A。]
29．C　[細節理解題。根據第一段末句及第二段關于不同人物和閱讀場景的描述可知，選定的藝術作品是關于書籍和閱讀的。故選C。]
30．A　[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文及畫線詞所在句可推知，藝術作品里的場景可能是在幾百年前畫的，但這些瞬間我們現在都能感同身受，故A項“理解、認識到”符合題意。故選A。]
31．D　[觀點態度題。通過文章最后一段中的“but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader”以及“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，‘off-line’ activity”可推知，作者認為印刷書籍并沒有完全過時，仍然有使用價值。故選D。]
練模擬　提能力
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以感知疼痛的機器人，解釋了教會機器人感知疼痛的意義以及機器人可以根據疼痛程度做出不同的反應。
1．C　[細節理解題。根據第一段中“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics...showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor...to react differently to differing amounts of pain.”可知，演示中的機器人有感知疼痛的能力。故選C。]
2．A　[段落大意題。根據第二段中“So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it...Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them.”可知，第二段主要講的是教會機器人感知疼痛的意義。故選A。]
3．C　[細節理解題。根據第三段中“For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.”可知，機械臂可以根據疼痛程度做出不同的反應。故選C。]
4．D　[觀點態度題。根據最后一段中“Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.”可推知，作者對庫恩和哈達丁的研究持樂觀態度。故選D。]
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了國際援助服務 IAS 在坦桑尼亞西南部開展的一個項目。該項目改善學校設施，提高當地社區的教育意識，培訓教師并游說地方當局。通過這些方式，努力確保每個人都能接受基礎教育。
5．D　[段落大意題。根據第二段內容可知，本段主要講述國際援助服務為改善坦桑尼亞的教育機會所作的努力。故選D。]
6．C　[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文內容“...but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children.”可知，畫線詞所在句“Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana”中畫線詞與accept“接收”意思相近，她想要學校接收朱莉安娜，但是學校由于資源缺乏，不能接收更多的孩子。故選C。]
7．A　[觀點態度題。根據倒數第二段的“The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.‘When teaching children with special needs...This means a closer relation between teachers and students，’ says Scolastica.”可知，這個項目讓老師們可以更好地了解他們的學生。故選A。]
8．B　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“The teachers also notice big changes...‘Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，’ says Bwigane.”可知，這個項目讓當地人的教育意識提高了。故選B。]
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者所在的紐約皇后區的語言多樣性。英語很大程度上在這里是作為一種重要的通用語。作者還提到，他所領導的非營利組織記錄了紐約人使用的100多種未被官方認可的語言，這表明21世紀初的紐約市是瀕危語言的最后避難所。這種深度的語言多樣性是紐約歷史和構成中最少被探索但又可能最重要的因素之一，也解釋了紐約容納和接納他人的特殊能力。
9．C　[推理判斷題。根據第三段“作為一個研究語言的人，我通常可以區分不同的語言，但只理解人們所說的一部分”可推知，作者可能是一名語言學家。故選C。]
10．D　[細節理解題。根據第六段“在這些地方，我參與領導的非營利組織‘瀕危語言聯盟’記錄了紐約人說的100多種語言，而調查和其他數據集顯示，這些語言并不正式存在，總共有700多種”可知，很多語言在紐約市并沒有被官方認可。故選D。]
11．B　[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages”可知，21世紀初的紐約市是瀕危語言的最后避難所，所以“ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere”說明這些瀕危語言在其他地方正被驅逐出存在的空間，也就是受到威脅的意思。故選B。]
12．A　[文章出處題。根據第一段“在過去的十年里，世界上語言最多樣化的地方之一一直是我的家，一平方英里連著一平方英里：紐約皇后區”并結合文章主要介紹了作者所在的紐約皇后區的語言多樣性可知，文章最可能來自《語言城市》這本書。故選A。](共46張PPT)
專題一　四選一閱讀
專題練(六)
說明文閱讀(2)
內容索引
做真題　悟技法
練模擬　提能力
(2023·新課標Ⅱ，C改編)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them ①came into being.In artists’ ②representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
做真題 悟技法
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了收錄近三百件來自博物館和世界各地的收藏品的一本書——Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers。書中以藝術作品的形式記錄了不同時期人們閱讀的場景，論述了在通信技術發達的現在，紙質書仍然具有互動性，并沒有過時。
In this “book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描繪) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used ③symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as ④interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And ⑤in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity.
28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings.
文章出處題。根據第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’，artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，本文圍繞Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers這本書展開介紹，可推測本文最有可能出自該書的序言。故選A。
√
29.What are the selected artworks about
A.Wealth and intellect. B.Home and school.
C.Books and reading. D.Work and leisure.
細節理解題。根據第一段末句及第二段關于不同人物和閱讀場景的描述可知，選定的藝術作品是關于書籍和閱讀的。故選C。
√
30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Understand. B.Paint.
C.Seize. D.Transform.
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文及畫線詞所在句可推知，藝術作品里的場景可能是在幾百年前畫的，但這些瞬間我們現在都能感同身受，故A項“理解、認識到”符合題意。故選A。
√
31.What does the author think of the printed book (改編)
A.It’s out of date. B.It’s expensive.
C.It’s unchanged. D.It’s valuable.
觀點態度題。通過文章最后一段中的“but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader”以及“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，‘off-line’ activity”可推知，作者認為印刷書籍并沒有完全過時，仍然有使用價值。故選D。
√
①come into being _____________
②representation＝(派)represent＋ation ____________
③symbolically＝(派)symbol＋ic＋ally __________
④interactive＝(派)inter＋act＋ive ______________________
⑤in contrast to _________________
產生；形成
描述；表現
象征性地
語境猜詞
交互式的；互相影響的
與……形成對比
以上文章中第28題考查文章出處，第31題考查觀點態度，解題技法如下：
返回
技法點撥
A
(2024·安徽合肥一模)
A pair of researchers with Leibniz University Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals.As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm，Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddadin showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac ①fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以感知疼痛的機器人，解釋了教會機器人感知疼痛的意義以及機器人可以根據疼痛程度做出不同的反應。
練模擬 提能力
The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations，but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain.“Pain is a system that protects us，” says Kuehn.“When we avoid the source of pain，it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it.The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be，the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger.Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them.
They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature.It uses a robot-tissue patch(小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take.For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of ②lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.
Such robots are likely to raise ③a host of questions，of course，if they become more common—if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate，are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more ④human-like than ever.
1.What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration
A.They can learn skills like animals.
B.They can communicate with people.
C.They have the ability to feel pain.
D.They respond differently to requests.
√
細節理解題。根據第一段中“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics...showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor...to react differently to differing amounts of pain.”可知，演示中的機器人有感知疼痛的能力。故選C。
2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The significance of teaching robots to feel pain.
B.The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries.
C.The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system.
D.The value of protecting human workers from injury.
√
段落大意題。根據第二段中“So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it...Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them.”可知，第二段主要講的是教會機器人感知疼痛的意義。故選A。
3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3
A.The robot arm is smart enough to carry out different tasks.
B.The robot arm can work as well as a human operator.
C.The robot arm can react differently based on degrees of pain.
D.The robot arm is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature.
√
細節理解題。根據第三段中“For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.”可知，機械臂可以根據疼痛程度做出不同的反應。故選C。
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study
A.⑤Dismissive. B.Pessimistic.
C.Unclear. D.Optimistic.
觀點態度題。根據最后一段中“Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.”可推知，作者對庫恩和哈達丁的研究持樂觀態度。故選D。
√
①fingertip＝(合)finger＋tip _____
②lockdown＝(合)lock＋down ______
③a host of ___________
④human-like＝(合)human＋like __________
⑤dismissive＝(派)dismiss＋ive ________
語境猜詞
指尖
鎖定
許多，大量
似人類的
輕蔑的
B
(2024·河北滄州一模)
“Moja，mbili，tatu...”One，two，three.Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school.Delighted and proud，she counts to 20，but her mother，Zefrina Nandia，adds that Juliana can keep counting，and that she also can do some reading.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了國際援助服務(IAS)在坦桑尼亞西南部開展的一個項目。該項目改善學校設施，提高當地社區的教育意識，培訓教師并游說地方當局。通過這些方式，努力確保每個人都能接受基礎教育。
Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania，where many children stay at home all day，①cut off from social contact and schooling.The project improves school facilities and raises local community’s awareness about education.They train teachers and lobby(游說) the local authorities.In these ways，IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone.
Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael，who gets in touch with families to get an ②overview of children’s needs and school options.Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana，but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children.
Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education.Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child’s disability.During the first year of the project,270 children with special needs have been evaluated，and of these,200 got the chance to go to school.The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.“When teaching children with special needs，we know whom to pay extra attention to.This means a closer relation between teachers and students，” says Scolastica.
It’s a year since Juliana got into the classroom，and her mother notices definite improvement.“She used to be lonely and unhappy.Now，she’s much happier and always wants to go to school，” says Zefrina.The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community.“Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs.Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，” says Bwigane.
5.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana.
B.The challenges faced by Tanzanian children.
C.The success story of a school project in Tanzania.
D.IAS’s efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania.
段落大意題。根據第二段內容可知，本段主要講述國際援助服務為改善坦桑尼亞的教育機會所作的努力。故選D。
√
6.What does the underlined word “enroll” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Assess. B.Award.
C.Accept. D.Contact.
√
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文內容“...but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children.”可知，畫線詞所在句“Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana”中畫線詞與accept“接收”意思相近，她想要學校接收朱莉安娜，但是學校由于資源缺乏，不能接收更多的孩子。故選C。
7.What do the teachers think of the IAS’s project
A.It helps the teachers know their students better.
B.It improves the relationship between the teachers.
C.It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs.
D.It provides disabled students with a chance to recover.
√
觀點態度題。根據倒數第二段的“The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.‘When teaching children with special needs...This means a closer relation between teachers and students，’ says Scolastica.”可知，這個項目讓老師們可以更好地了解他們的學生。故選A。
8.How does the IAS’s project benefit the community
A.Disadvantaged children receive financial support.
B.The overall awareness of education is raised.
C.More schools are willing to admit local children.
D.Belief in government’s policies is strengthened.
√
推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“The teachers also notice big changes...‘Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，’ says Bwigane.”可知，這個項目讓當地人的教育意識提高了。故選B。
①cut off from ______________
②overview＝(派)over＋view _____________
與……不接觸
縱覽；概況
語境猜詞
C
(2024·河北二模)
For the past decade，one of the most linguistically(語言地) diverse places in the world，square mile after square mile，has been my home：Queens，New York.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者所在的紐約皇后區的語言多樣性。英語很大程度上在這里是作為一種重要的通用語。作者還提到，他所領導的非營利組織記錄了紐約人使用的100多種未被官方認可的語言，這表明21世紀初的紐約市是瀕危語言的最后避難所。這種深度的語言多樣性是紐約歷史和構成中最少被探索但又可能最重要的因素之一，也解釋了紐約容納和接納他人的特殊能力。
The soundtrack outside my door is ①extraordinary：On any given block，passing voices speak varieties of Polish，Ukrainian，Egyptian Arabic，Mexican Spanish，Puerto Rican Spanish，Dominican Spanish，and all the forms of New York City English they give rise to.
As a person who studies languages，I can usually distinguish them from one another，but understand only a part of what people are saying.
Users of Seke，a language from five villages in Nepal with 700 speakers，live a subway ride away.In certain stores，Albanians，Bosnians，Serbs，and Montenegrins all reunite，using the languages of the former Yugoslavia as if the country still existed.No group has a majority，or even 15 percent of the neighborhood，and most are at just 5 or 10 percent.English acts，for the most part，as a vital lingua franca(通用語).This last point is crucial，because a city can be a haven(避難所) for ②diversity but also an end point.
My neighborhood has its signature sound，but there are several dozen others that are just as diverse，each in a different way.
These are the places where the Endangered Language Alliance，the ③nonprofit I co-direct，has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey and other data sets say don’t officially exist，and more than 700 in total.
That linguistic portrait makes clear that early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages—ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere.And this deep linguistic diversity is among the least explored but possibly most important factors in New York’s history and make-up.New York’s soul can be found in the existence of these many，many languages，explaining New York’s particular capacity for ④tolerance and its ability to “make room” for others.
9.What may be the author’s occupation
A.An economist. B.A historian.
C.A linguist. D.A reporter.
推理判斷題。根據第三段“作為一個研究語言的人，我通常可以區分不同的語言，但只理解人們所說的一部分”可推知，作者可能是一名語言學家。故選C。
√
10.What can be inferred about the languages in New York City
A.They are close to disappearing.
B.They are mainly spoken by villagers.
C.English is the most popular language.
D.Many of them are not officially recognized.
√
細節理解題。根據第六段“在這些地方，我參與領導的非營利組織‘瀕危語言聯盟’記錄了紐約人說的100多種語言，而調查和其他數據集顯示，這些語言并不正式存在，總共有700多種”可知，很多語言在紐約市并沒有被官方認可。故選D。
11.What does the underlined word “hounded” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Protected. B.Threatened.
C.Respected. D.Accepted.
√
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages”可知，21世紀初的紐約市是瀕危語言的最后避難所，所以“ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere”說明這些瀕危語言在其他地方正被驅逐出存在的空間，也就是受到威脅的意思。故選B。
12.From which book might the text have been taken
A.Language City.
B.The Development of Languages.
C.Endangered Languages in New York.
D.The Importance of Language Diversity.
√
文章出處題。根據第一段“在過去的十年里，世界上語言最多樣化的地方之一一直是我的家，一平方英里連著一平方英里：紐約皇后區”并結合文章主要介紹了作者所在的紐約皇后區的語言多樣性可知，文章最可能來自《語言城市》這本書。故選A。
①extraordinary＝(派)extra＋ordinary ____________
②diversity＝(派)divers(e)＋ity _________________
③nonprofit＝(派)non＋profit __________
④tolerance＝(派)toler(ate)＋ance ____________
異乎尋常的
多樣性，多樣化
非營利的
返回
語境猜詞
忍受，容忍

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