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(共18張PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
Grammar and usage
Grammar and usage
Overview of to-infinitives,
verb-ing and verb-ed forms
Exploring the rules
1. I had enough food and water to last a whole week.
2. The family chatting online look so happy.
3. Treated with the new medicine, the patient soon recovered.
4.What did the person cutting your hair think about the app
5. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had
killed the bacteria.
an action in the future
a continuing action
a past action
an active action
a passive action
*The to-infinitive often refers to an action that will happen in the
future; the verb-ing form, a continuing action; and the verb-ed
form, a past action.
* Generally speaking, the verb-ing form expresses a(n)
(1) ________ (active/passive) meaning, while the verb-ed form
expresses a(n) (2) ________ (active/passive) meaning.
active
passive
Working out the rules
Rules 1 and 2
Exploring the rules
1. To cook Chinese food is not easy.
2. My first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
3. Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was
teaching when the floor began to shake.
4. We can always expect him to help us.
5. I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit.
6. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to
hear that a hurricane was on its way.
To-infinitives in sentences from previous units
subject
predictative
object
attributive
adverbial
complement
Verb-ing forms in sentences from previous units
1. Sliding into the habit was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit.
2. It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important and
precious artworks through their smartphones.
3. I hear someone playing the piano in the next room.
4. The people talking there are my friends.
5. Walking along the street, I saw an old friend.
6. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music.
subject
predictative
object
attributive
adverbial
complement
Exploring the rules
object
Verb-ed forms in sentences from previous units
1. I was amazed to see all the paintings.
2. The road is covered with fallen leaves.
3. Seen from the top of the mountain the river looks like a dragon.
4. I have never heard this song sung in English.
predicative
attributve
adverbial
complement
Exploring the rules
The to-infinitive can be used as the (3) ____________ of a
sentence.
The verb-ing form can be used as the (4) ____________ of a
sentence.
The verb-ed form can be used as the (5) ________ of a sentence.
a. subject b. predicative c. object
d. complement e. attributive f. adverbial
a, b, c, d, e, f
a, b, c, d, e, f
b, d, e, f
Working out the rules
Rule 3
Exploring the rules
Fill in the table below.
Subjects
Predicatives
Objects
Complements
Attributives
Adverbials
…, celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.
Romantic poets were often not pleased with …
… they were not always interested in …
… they refused to follow rigid rules; …
Instead, they advocated going back to nature.
… people were made to work long hours.
… a process called industrialization.
Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, …
Exploring the rules
The aim of the Romantics was to break with …
Applying the rules
Finish the following famous proverbs, using to-infinitives, verb-ing or
verb-ed forms and figure out their use.
1. Not to advance is ___________.
不進(jìn)則退。
2. Never offer to teach fish ___________.
不要班門(mén)弄斧。
3. By _______ action we stand, by ______ action we fall.
團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
to go back
to swim
united
divided
1. Romantic poets experimented with new poetic forms. They were particularly interested in it.
Romantic poets were particularly _____________________
__________________.
2. Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poet’s imagination when they described natural scenes.
Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poet’s imagination when _____________________.
3. Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration.
Poems _______________ often stress the moment of
inspiration.
with new poetic forms
describing natural scenes
focusing on nature
B1
Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives, verb-ing or
verb-ed forms.
Applying the rules
interested in experimenting
4. Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes, and contain rich sensory details.
__________________________________________, many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details.
5. Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals, finding concerns common to all of them is sometimes difficult.
Since Romantic poets were all highly colourful and independent individuals, it is sometimes difficult ______________________________.
Filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes
to find concerns common to all of them
Applying the rules
B1
Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives, verb-ing or
verb-ed forms.
Applying the rules
Born in 1770, William Wordsworth was one of the (1) _______(lead) poets of the
Romantic movement in England. (2) _______ (grow) up in the beautiful Lake
District, Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet.
(3) __________ (educate) at Cambridge, Wordsworth received his degree in 1791.
He spent a lot of time (4) ______(tour) in Europe. Travelling obviously provided
Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems. In 1795, he met Samuel Taylor
Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends. (5) _______ (meet)
Coleridge had a huge impact on Wordsworth. Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems
(6) _______ (write) together with Coleridge, was Wordsworth’s first great work.
It was published in 1798 and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.
Wordsworth explained that they wanted to write poetry that ordinary people could
use (7) ________ (express) their feelings. Many of the poems in the collection
were about returning to nature. Like other Romantics, Wordsworth preferred
(8) ___________ (live) in the country rather than in the city.
B2
Below is an article about the English poet William Wordsworth.
Complete the article with the correct to-infinitives, verb-ing or
verb-ed forms of the verbs in the brackets.
leading
Growing
Educated
touring
Meeting
written
to express
to live/living
Applying the rules
B3
Write about the importance of reading poems. Think of at least
one reason and give supporting details, using to-infinitives,
verb-ing or verb-ed forms. Use the example below to help you.
Reading poems helps me understand the beauty of language.
There are a lot of poetic devices employed in poems, such as
rhyme and metaphor. When reading these beautifully written
lines, I can enjoy the beauty of the language.
Example
Reading poems helps develop deep insight into what the poet wants to express. Every poem is unique to its poet and its message might first need to be discovered before it can be understood. A poem also represents what the poet was experiencing at that time, such as passion or sorrow. When I read a poem, I want to discover and understand the poet’s message. So I often think about what the poet was going through at that time. Understanding the poet’s thoughts and feelings opens up a whole new world for me and keeps me from getting bored.
Applying the rules
Possible answer
Homework
Finish exercise C on page 76 of the textbook.
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