資源簡介

(共29張PPT)
完形填空解題技巧
中考英語總復習
Learning aims
learning aims
三.真題剖析
二.解題策略
一.體裁分析
四.考點設計
一、體裁分析
1.記敘文是以記敘、描寫為主要表達方式、以記人、敘事、寫景、狀物為主要內(nèi)容的一種文體。
2.議論文 議論文是以議論為主要方式，通過事實、擺道理，直接表達作者的觀點和主張的常用文體。
3.說明文 以說明為主要表達方式，用來介紹或解釋事物的狀態(tài)、性質、構造、功能、制作方法、發(fā)展過程和事理的 成因、功過的一種文體。
體裁有記敘文、議論文、說明文等，近幾年的完形填空A都是說明文。
二.解題步驟--三步：
1.通讀全文，充分利用首句，了解大意。
這是做好完型填空的第一步?？梢栽竭^空格，盡快把全文讀完，理順題目意思。
2.緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對比選項。
（先易后難）
易：根據(jù)句子結構及上下文語境可直接選出答案。
難：進行合理的邏輯推理，初定答案。
3.復讀全文，檢驗答案
把所選答案還原到語篇中，可以從語義，語法上加以權衡，檢驗是否連貫，合乎邏輯，前后呼應。
策略2.context（語境推斷）
策略3.logic（邏輯推理）
解題策略--五策
策略4.grammar analysis（語法分析）
策略5、common sense （生活常識）
策略1.lexical recurrence （詞匯復現(xiàn)）
Skills of Cloze Tests
詞匯復現(xiàn)指的是某一詞，以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句子通過這種復現(xiàn)關系達到了相互銜接。
策略1.Lexical recurrence （詞匯復現(xiàn)）
方法解讀—詞匯復現(xiàn)法
1. 原詞復現(xiàn)
Body image – the way people feel about their looks – is a big problem for many young people today. According to a 36 , more than half the teenage girls in the USA think they should be on a diet(節(jié)食)
But what's the cause？In the study，many blame(責備) the media(媒體).
37. A. newspaper B. magazine C. study D. book
解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句In the study, many blame(責備) the media(媒體)可知此處所缺的詞是study,故答案選C.
study
方法解讀—詞匯復現(xiàn)法
2. 詞形變化
They are also 38 . This is a serious problem in many cities.So inventors are coming up with creative ideas to try to reduce the pollution and .
38.A.noisy B.dirty C. fast D.expensive
解析：根據(jù)下文的noise可推斷此處應該是noisy,故答案選A.
noise
noise
語境推斷是指根據(jù)上下文的語境提示或暗示，身臨其境地理解所處的語境，體驗語境和作者的情感態(tài)度，推斷出符合場景的最佳選項。
策略2.context（語境推斷）
方法解讀—語境推斷
Each one of us shares this planet with seven billion others. And we all need 36 . People and products need to move from city to city and country to country.
36.A.air B. food C. transportation D.communication
解析：根據(jù)設空后的“人和商品需要從一個城市移動到另一個城市，從一個國家移動到另一個國家”可推斷出我們都需要“交通工具”，故答案選C。
方法解讀—語境推斷
解析：結合上文的高頻詞purple可推斷，紫色是如今最受歡迎的顏色之一，故答案選B
There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most 36 colors today. But in the past, purple was a
very expensive and unusual color. Let's take a look at the rich 37 of the color purple.
36. A.peaceful B. popular C. exciting D. serious
purple
purple
purple
purple
purple
通過對故事的線索、文章前后各段之間的邏輯關系、文章前后內(nèi)容之間的邏輯關系及人物情感的發(fā)展來分析和理解文章，以此推斷答案。
策略3.logic（邏輯推理）
表示邏輯關系的詞
英語中的邏輯可分為因果，并列，轉折，遞進，否定。在做題時要理清句子前后之間的邏輯關系。
表因果的詞：so,because,in order to, because of ,
as a result ,therefore等
表并列的詞：and， or, both...and... not...only...等
表轉折的詞：but , however, yet, still, while 等
表遞進的詞：also，even, besides 等
表否定的詞：unluckily, unfortunately,hardly,few,little,never, without 等
方法解讀—邏輯推理
but和however表轉折
“Gangnam Style” became less and less popular, 50 the “Korean Wave” of culture remains popular all over the world.
50. A. then B. and C. but D. so
解析：結合上下文，可以推斷是轉折關系，故答案選C。
less and less popular
remains popular
方法解讀—邏輯推理
because+原因; so+結果
This is a serious problem in many cities. 39 inventors are coming up with creative ideas to try to reduce the pollution and noise.
39.A.Since B.So C.Because D. Although
解析：空格前一句表示“這是很多城市的一個嚴重的問題”，后一句說“科學家們正在想出有創(chuàng)造性的想法努力減少污染和噪音”。由此可知，兩個句子之間存在因果關系且是結果關系。故答案選B。
serious
coming up with creative ideas
語法知識指的是借助所學的英語語法知識，選擇出正確的答案。在做此類試題時，考生不需要過多的研讀上下文，只需要緊緊抓住挖空處所在的句子，聯(lián)系自己所學的語法知識來做題即可。
策略4 grammar analysis（語法分析）
方法解讀—語法分析
However, we all know 37 most cars, motorcycles, boats and planes cause air pollution.
37.A. how B. why C.when D. that
解析：分析句子結構，可知此處為賓語從句且不可缺少任何成分，可用引導詞that，故選D。
在解答此類試題時，考生要聯(lián)系日常生活中總結出來的常識、科學知識、真理、事實等各方面的內(nèi)容，再結合選項選出答案。
策略5 common sense（生活常識）
方法解讀—生活常識
Motorcycles are a faster and cheaper way to get around a city than 41 .
41.A. bikes B．subways C. buses D. cars
解析：由常識可知，如果在城市中穿行，摩托車比汽車更快更便宜，故答案選D。
city
方法解讀—生活常識
40 a magazine or a newspaper, look through the Internet, and it’s usually the same.
40. A. Get B. Open C. Take D. Find
解析：由常識可知，翻開雜志或報紙，瀏覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故選B。
a magazine or a newspaper
Cowboys have lived and worked in the west and south—west of the United States for over three centuries and they are a famous symbol of the USA. When you watch those old Hollywood cowboy films from the fifties and sixties, you see a job. You see a 36 of freedom and adventure (冒險). However, the real job of an American cowboy has always been 37 and sometimes dangerous.
It is physical with long hours and low pay.
Life hasn’t 38 much for cowboys since the early days. Cows walk across huge plains (草原) to 39 the grass and the cowboy rides on his horse to bring 40 home. Like the cowboys of the past, a 21st century cowboy 41 gets up early on freezing cold mornings and makes breakfast over a fire.
【文章大意】本文主要講述了美國牛仔的艱辛生活及其成因，以及有人因為喜歡牛仔的自由而放棄了舒適的生活。
（ ）36.A.life B.place C.way D.day
So why does a man—because it is usually a man—become a cowboy For some, it isn't a 42 , because they are born into the life. They have worked with 43 since they were children. They 44 the traditional cowboy culture: “It's a real life about you, your horse and the open 45 .”
Some people choose the job 46 in life. Pat had an office job with the US government with high pay, 47 he didn't like city life and spending all day inside. So one day, he 48 his job and moved to a ranch (牧場) in Texas, making much less money 49 a cowboy. He wanted job satisfaction. And for a cowboy, job satisfaction doesn't come from the money or a comfortable office. It comes from being 50 to wake up under the sky and being your own boss.
A
（ ）37.A.interesting B.boring C.hard D.easy
C
life
hard
（ ）38.A.got B.paid C.done D.changed
D
changed
（ ）39.A.catch B.eat C.touch D.take
根據(jù)語境
B
eat
（ ）40.A.it B.him C.her D.them
指代前文中cows
D
them
（ ）41.A.just B.still C.even D.never
B
still
（ ）42.A.problem B.choice C.plan D.dream
B
choice
（ ）43.A.parents B.brothers C.cows D.sheep
由cowboy和常識可以得知
C
cows
（ ）44.A.create B.miss C.love D.refuse
C
love
（ ）45.A.country B.culture C.mind D.cowboy
country意為鄉(xiāng)村
A
country
（ ）46.A.later B.early C.quickly D.suddenly
結合后文Pat的經(jīng)歷
A
later
（ ）47.A.so B.and C.since D.but
前后轉折
D
but
（ ）48.A.looked for B.took up C.gave up D.cared about
gave up放棄
C
gave up
（ ）49.A.for B.as C.with D.like
as作為
B
as
（ ）50.A.relaxed B.slow C.late D.free
D
free
三、真題剖析
36. A. life B. place C. way D. day
37. A. interesting B. boring C. hard D. easy
38. A. got B. paid C. done D. changed
39. A. catch B. eat C. touch D. take
40. A. it B. him C. her D. them
41. A. just B. still C. even D. never
42. A. problem B. choice C. plan D. dream
43. A. parents B. brothers C. cows D. sheep
44. A. create B. miss C. love D. refuse
45. A. country B. culture C. mind D. cowboy
46. A. later B. early C. quickly D. suddenly
47. A. so B. and C. since D. but
48. A. looked for B. took up C. gave up D. cared about
49. A. for B. as C. with D. like
50. A. relaxed B. slow C. late D. free
詞匯復現(xiàn)
指代
語法知識
生活常識
邏輯推理
語境推斷
四、考點設計
1. Choose one target word (目標詞)and design four cloze choices based on the context.
2. Use one of the below skills
策略1.lexical recurrence （詞匯復現(xiàn)）
策略2.context（語境推斷）
策略3.logic（邏輯推理）
策略4.grammar analysis（語法分析）
策略5、common sense （生活常識）
3.Four students are in a group. Finish one exercise in two minutes.
IT'S SHOW TIME
IT'S SHOW TIME
Some people choose the job later in life.Pat had an office job with the US government with high pay, but he didn't like city life and spend all day inside. So one day,he gave up his job and moved to a ranch (牧場) in Texas.
Tip: 語境推斷和邏輯推理
真題選項：
A. later B.early
C. quickly D.suddenly
IT'S SHOW TIME
Each one of us shares this planet with seven billion others. And we all need transportation. People and products need to move from city to city and country to country.
Tip: 語境推斷
設計名詞辨析題
真題選項：
36. A.air B. food
C. transportation D.communication
What we have learnt today:
（2 mins）
（10 mins）
（3 mins）
To students:
Practice makes perfect!
Rome was not built in a day!
Try your best,and you will get good grades,come on!
Homework
1. Choose one word and design four choices as requested.
2. Design your own Cloze choices based on the original cloze text in 2018.
Enjoy English, Enjoy life!
Thank you for listening!

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