資源簡介

(共37張PPT)
UNIT 4
HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Discovering Useful Structures
Express feelings and
describe situations
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. identify and discuss the structure and the functions of the past participle;
2. grasp the forms and functions of the past participle as the attribute
and as the object complement;
3. use the past participle as the attribute and the object complement
to complete related exercises.
Part Ⅰ Revision
1. （給……）充電 v _________
2. 宣布；（尤指在機場或火車站）廣播通知 v __________
3. 數量；數額；總數 n _________
4. 畫廊；美術陳列室；美術館 n _________
5. 靠近 ；臨近；接近 v __________
6. 確保；保證 vt ___________
7. 慷慨的；大方的 adj _________
8. 黃油；牛油 n ___________
9. 蜂蜜；甜美之物 n ___________
10. 祖先；祖宗 n ___________
11.補announcement n ___________
12. landscape n ___________
13. position vt ___________
charge
announce
amount
gallery
approach
butter
generous
ensure
honey
ancestor
通告；布告；宣布；宣告
風景；風景畫
放置；安放；使處于
14. 地下停車場
15. 汽車蓄電池
16. 服務臺
17. 美麗的自然風光
18. 保護；照管；監督
19. a well-organised trip
20. beautifully dressed stars
21. an audio guide
22. fix one’s eyes on
23. attend to
an underground car park
a car battery
a service desk
beautiful natural landscape
watch over
組織有序的旅行
衣著華麗的明星
語音導覽機；自動講解器
注視；凝視
照料；處理；接待
IV.構詞法1. announce vt. 宣布; 通知; 聲稱→_____________n. 通知→ __________n. 廣播員2 generous adj. 慷慨的; 大方的; 豐富的→__________adv. 大方地; 慷慨地→_______________n. 大方; 慷慨
announcement
announcer
generously
generosity
What is a past participle
a broken heart
an injured man
crowded buses
Part II Lead in
1 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United
Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, …
3 They had castles built all around England, …
請觀察句中過去分詞和與它相關聯的名詞的邏輯關系。
請觀察過去分詞(短語)作定語時的位置。
分析三個例句中分詞或分詞短語的句子成分。
Part III Presentation
1 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United
Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, …
3 They had castles built all around England, …
Look at the sentences and underline the past participles. In pairs, discuss their functions. Then find more sentences with the -ed form in the text.
as the attribute
此處united可看作形容詞化的過去分詞。
as the attribute
as the object complement
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean.
They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
More examples:
The new product finally passed the required test.
It is a house built by the Romans.
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
Unfortunately he had his leg broken yesterday.
I felt myself often confused at first.
When the past participle is used as the object complement, it is often formed with the “have/get/feel/find/… + object + -ed form”.
Past Participles as the Attribute (2)
visitors _______ of the long wait /…
a trip _________ well by my workplace / …
stars ________ beautifully at the event / …
Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases. Then make sentences with the phrases.
Past Participles
as the Attribute (1)
tired visitors
a well-organised trip
beautifully dressed stars·
tired
organised
dressed
過去分詞(短語)作定語
過去分詞作定語時和被修飾詞之間是被動關系；
過去分詞短語作定語時位于被修飾詞之后，即后置定語，而單個過去分詞作定語時一般前置；
當過去分詞是像state-owned, heart-felt, hand-made等這樣的復合形式，或者前面有副詞修飾時，一般放在被修飾詞前面作前置定語。如前面例句中的 “a well-organised trip”。
及物動詞 的過去分詞作定語 被修飾詞與過去分詞為被動關系且表示動作已完成或描述狀態 He is a teacher loved by his students.
不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語 沒有被動意義，只表示動作已完成 There lived a retired teacher in the area.
過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示被動的、完成的動作，賓語補足語與賓語之間常常存在邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者。
He found the door locked.
I saw him taken away in an ambulance.
You should have your phone repaired.
過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語
常接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有感官動詞，如watch, see, observe, look, hear, listen, feel, notice等；使役動詞如make, get, have, keep, leave等。
e.g. I watched the desk carried out of the classroom.
The man noticed his hometown entirely destroyed.
My mother has her hair cut every two months.
We must get the work finished before 6 o’clock.
The speaker didn’t know how to make himself understood.
want, order等表示希望、命令等意義的動詞后也常跟過去分詞作賓語補足語。如：
All of us wanted such questions discussed at the meeting.
The manager ordered the problem settled as soon as
possible.
介詞with后也可接過去分詞作賓語補足語，構成with復合結構。如：
With more flowers planted, the garden looks much more
beautiful.
現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式作賓語補足語有什么區別？
I saw him get off the bus.
I saw him lying on the road.
I saw him knocked down by a car.
do 主動，全過程
done 被動，完成
doing 主動，進行
Read the sentences and underline the -ed form as the object complement.
1 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
2 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
3 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of
visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the
National Gallery.
4 Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was
hard to approach the painting as there were so many people
around.
5 She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was
delivered safely.
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute, and then see whether you can write a little story with them.
1 Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape,
which made it look amazing.
Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looked amazing.
2 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered
them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.
3 The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.
4 The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
Practice
You are a policeman writing a report about a house that has been broken into. Use the past participle below as the object complement to describe what you found.
Report of a House Break-in at 26 Mount Pleasant Road, Cambridge
When I entered the house I found the telephone _____________, the windows ________ and the door ________. I was overcome by the smell.
disconnected
broken
opened
steal, disconnect, wash, repair, mend, check, open, lock, examine, clean, break, insure (給……上保險)
Part ⅠV Practice
I had to get the kitchen ________, the cooker _______ and the floor ________ before I could look into the problem. Mrs Smith had had the house ________ and ________ a few months ago so it should have been safe. Nobody should have been able to enter without permission. I had the locks _________ and the windows _________ before I left. Mrs Smith was very grateful.
cleaned
repaired
washed
locked
mended
checked
examined
steal, disconnect, wash, repair, mend, check, open, lock, examine, clean, break, insure (給……上保險)
She had only had three valuable jewels ______ and as she had had them _______ so she was not too upset. She thinks the gardener may have stolen a key and be the person who broke into the house.
Signed : Police Constable Stephen Briggs
Date: 21/9/ 2023
steal, disconnect, wash, repair, mend, check, open, lock, examine, clean, break, insure (給……上保險)
insured
stolen
1. Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
charge v. to take in and store electricity 充電
to state officially that sb may be guilty of a crime 控告
to ask sb for a particular amount of money for sth you
are selling 收費
e.g. The hotel charges $125 a night.
Gibbons has been charged with murder.
Learning points
【歸納】
take charge of 負責管理/照顧
charge sb. with sth.
指控某人犯……罪
in charge of 負責, 主管
charge sb. for (doing) sth.
收取某人(做)……的費用
in the charge of 由……負責
free of charge 免費
charge
n.
v.
charge n.
收費; 指控; 主管
They charged me 50 yuan for a cup of coffee
【語境應用】完成句子。
1) Your order will be delivered _____________ (免費) within a ten mile limit.
2) I’m not going there again! — ___________________________ _____________ (一杯咖啡他們就要了我50元).
3) The project is ________________ (在……掌管之下) an experienced engineer.
4) The man arrested by the police ________________ (被指控) stealing.
was charged with
free of charge
in the charge of
2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
announce vt. 1) to state or make known, especially publicly 宣布，宣告；通知
2) to show that something is going to happen 作為……的跡象；顯示
e.g. They have announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper.
She announced that she has no intention of leaving her husband.
Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm.
【拓展】
announcement n. 宣告、布告、通告、宣布，是可數名詞。announcer n. 廣播員、報幕員
【語境應用】 根據括號中的漢語提示完成句子。
1) The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry _______________________________ (向記者發布新聞).
2) Footsteps ___________________________ (說明她回來了).
3) Attention, please! I have ________________________ (重要通知) to make.
announced the news to the reporters
announced her return
an important announcement
3. Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
approach v. to move towards or nearer to sb or sth 接近; 靠近
to deal with sth 著手處理
to speak to, write to, or visit sb in order to do sth
接洽
e.g. I’m not sure how to approach the problem.
She’s been approached by a modelling agency.
approach n. 接近; 方法; 途徑
【歸納】
1) approach sb for / about sth 要求某人(做) ……
be approaching 快到了；正在接近
2) at the approach of 在……快到的時候
make an approach / approaches to
接近；逼近；交涉；對……進行探討
an approach to (doing) sth (做某事)的方法(途徑)
【語境應用】單句語法填空。
1) ____________ (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
2) At the meeting they discussed three different approaches __________ the study of mathematics.
3) What we need are new approaches __________ solving the problem.
4) Facing your problems is the best approach to ___________ (work) things out.
Approaching
to
to
working
① 表達“做……的方法”時各自的搭配分別是：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do / of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth.
② 分別與不同的介詞搭配：
with this method, in this way, by this means
approach, way, means, method都有“方式”、“方法”、“途徑”之意
【語境應用】用approach/way/means/method的適當形式填空。
1) He told me a new _________ to the study of English.
2) You must solve this problem with different ________.
3) She tried to explain by ________ of sign language.
4) There are several possible ________ of payment.
approach
methods
means
ways
4. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
position vt. to carefully put something in a particular place 放置，安置
e.g. Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.
She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.
【鏈接】
position n. 位置；姿態；職位；處境，狀況
e.g. If you change the position of the chairs around the table, there will be more room here.
My knees get stiff when I sit in the same position for a long time.
What would you do in my position
He has a high position in society.
【拓展】
in position 在適當的位置上
out of position 在不適當的位置上
Part V Summary and Assessment
過去分詞(短語)作定語
過去分詞作定語時和被修飾詞之間是被動關系；
過去分詞短語作定語時位于被修飾詞之后，即后置定語，而單個過去分詞作定語時一般前置；
當過去分詞是像state-owned, heart-felt, hand-made等這樣的復合形式，或者前面有副詞修飾時，一般放在被修飾詞前面作前置定語。如前面例句中的 “a well-organised trip”。
及物動詞的過去分詞作定語 被修飾詞與過去分詞為被動關系且表示動作已完成或描述狀態 He is a teacher loved by his students.
不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語 沒有被動意義，只表示動作已完成 There lived a retired teacher in the area.
1. Complete the activities of Using Structures on Pages 80-81.
2. Preview Listening and Talking.
Part VI Assignment

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